欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1193-1207.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.53064

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同密度下氮肥运筹对半干旱区青贮玉米碳氮积累与转运特征的影响

马海会1,2,3(), 张国平1,2,3, 杨思存1,2,3, 王红丽1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃兰州 730070
    2农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
    3甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-20 接受日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-04-12 网络出版日期:2026-02-05
  • 通讯作者: *王红丽, E-mail: zhswhl@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: mahaihui199310@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32360532);甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(23JRRA1335);农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室和甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室开放基金(2024HNS12)

Effects of nitrogen application at different densities on carbon and nitrogen accumulation and translocation characteristics in forage maize in semi-arid regions

Ma Hai-Hui1,2,3(), Zhang Guo-Ping1,2,3, Yang Si-Cun1,2,3, Wang Hong-Li1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China,
    2Key Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon Agricultural for Northwest Dryland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China,
    3Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Water Utilization in Dryland Farming, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-08-20 Accepted:2026-01-22 Published:2026-04-12 Published online:2026-02-05
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhswhl@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360532);Key Project of the Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(23JRRA1335);Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Northwest Dryland Agriculture Green and Low-Carbon, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Water Resources Efficient Utilization in Arid Areas of Gansu Province(2024HNS12)

RichHTML

7

PDF

156

摘要：

明确不同密度下氮肥运筹对半干旱区青贮玉米碳氮积累、转运及粗蛋白合成的影响, 可为半干旱区青贮玉米高产优质栽培提供理论依据。本研究以“陇青贮1号”为研究对象, 设计2种密度(6.0万株 hm-2和7.5万株 hm-2), 3种施肥方式(氮肥全部基施、40%和60%氮肥大喇叭口期追施), 测定了青贮玉米花前和花后干物质、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)和氮素累积量、转运量和贡献率, 并分析了上述指标与青贮玉米产量、粗蛋白含量和产量之间的相关关系。结果表明, 氮肥追施可显著降低花前干物质和NSC积累与转运, 但提高花后干物质和NSC积累量。其中, 与CK1 (6.0万株 hm-2, 氮肥全部基施)相比, T1 (6.0万株 hm-2, 40%氮肥大喇叭口期追施)和T2 (6.0万株 hm-2, 60%氮肥大喇叭口期追施)花前干物质和NSC的转运量、转运率及其对干物质贡献率均显著降低, 但花后干物质积累量分别平均提高46.29%和22.63%, 花后NSC积累量分别平均提高29.53%和17.54%, 均差异显著; 与CK2 (7.5万株 hm-2, 氮肥全部基施)相比, T3 (7.5万株 hm-2, 40%氮肥大喇叭口期追施)和T4 (7.5万株 hm-2, 60%氮肥大喇叭口期追施)花前干物质和NSC的转运量、转运率及其对干物质贡献率均显著降低, 但花后干物质积累量分别平均提高5.88%和5.90%, 花后NSC积累量分别平均提高19.53%和65.57%, 均差异显著。氮肥追施可显著提高花前氮素转运量、转运率和花后氮素积累量, 其中, 与CK1相比, T1花前氮素转运量、转运率和花后氮素积累量分别平均提高64.48%、7.77%和74.86%, T2分别平均提高43.21%、7.52%和32.27%; 与CK2相比, T3分别平均提高12.51%、8.92%和74.94%, T4分别平均提高47.37%、8.75%和73.41%。青贮玉米产量与花后干物质积累量(R2 = 0.1547*)、花后氮素积累量(R2 = 0.1582*)呈显著正相关, 粗蛋白含量与花前氮素转运量(R2 = 0.1263*)、花后氮素积累量(R2 = 0.1764**)、花后NSC积累量(R2 = 0.2155**)呈正相关, 粗蛋白产量与花后干物质积累量(R2 = 0.1723*)、花后氮素积累量(R2 = 0.1682*)呈显著正相关。氮肥追施在提高花前氮素转运和花后碳氮积累量的前提下, 显著促进了青贮玉米粗蛋白合成, 其中, T1粗蛋白含量9.42%, T2粗蛋白含量8.40%, 分别较CK1提高62.18%、44.80%; T3粗蛋白含量7.06%, T4粗蛋白含量8.12%, 分别较CK2提高39.25%、60.15%。因此, T1和T4是该区适宜推广应用的青贮玉米品质提升种植方式。

关键词: 密度, 施肥, 调控, 碳氮积累, 粗蛋白合成

Abstract:

To provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of silage maize in semi-arid regions, this study investigated the effects of nitrogen application on carbon and nitrogen accumulation, translocation, and crude protein synthesis in silage maize under different planting densities. Using ‘Longqingzhu 1’ as the experimental material, two planting densities (60,000 and 75,000 plants hm-2) and three nitrogen application regimes (all nitrogen as basal fertilizer, 40% and 60% of nitrogen applied as topdressing at the bell stage) were examined. Measurements included dry matter, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), and nitrogen accumulation and translocation before and after flowering, as well as their contribution to total plant biomass. Correlations between these physiological parameters and forage yield, crude protein content, and crude protein yield were also analyzed. Compared with CK1 (60,000 plants hm-2 with all nitrogen applied basally), treatments T1 and T2 (same density with 40% and 60% nitrogen topdressing, respectively) showed significantly reduced dry matter and NSC translocation and contribution rates at the pre-flowering stage, but significantly increased post-flowering dry matter accumulation by 46.29% and 22.63%, and NSC accumulation by 29.53% and 17.54%, respectively. Compared with CK2 (75,000 plants hm-2 with all nitrogen applied basally), T3 and T4 (same density with 40% and 60% nitrogen topdressing, respectively) also showed reduced translocation and contribution rates at the pre-flowering stage, while post-flowering dry matter increased by 5.88% and 5.90%, and NSC accumulation increased by 19.53% and 65.57%, respectively. Nitrogen topdressing significantly increased nitrogen translocation and translocation rate at the pre-flowering stage, as well as nitrogen accumulation at the post-flowering stage. Compared with CK1, T1 showed increases of 64.48%, 7.77%, and 74.86%, while T2 increased by 43.21%, 7.52%, and 32.27%, respectively. Compared with CK2, T3 increased by 12.51%, 8.92%, and 74.94%, and T4 by 47.37%, 8.75%, and 73.41%, respectively. Forage yield was significantly positively correlated with post-flowering dry matter accumulation (R2 = 0.1547*) and nitrogen accumulation (R2 = 0.1582*). Crude protein content was positively correlated with pre-flowering nitrogen translocation (R2 = 0.1263*), post-flowering nitrogen accumulation (R2 = 0.1764**), and NSC accumulation (R2 = 0.2155**). The crude protein yield of the whole plant was significantly positively correlated with post-flowering dry matter (R2 = 0.1723*) and nitrogen accumulation (R2 = 0.1682*). These results indicate that nitrogen topdressing significantly promotes crude protein synthesis in silage maize by enhancing nitrogen translocation at the pre-flowering stage and carbon and nitrogen accumulation at the post-flowering stage. The crude protein content of T1 and T2 was 9.42% and 8.40%, which was 62.18% and 44.80% higher than that of CK1, respectively. The crude protein content of T3 and T4 was 7.06% and 8.12%, 39.25% and 60.15% higher than that of CK2, respectively. Therefore, T1 and T4 are recommended for improving silage maize quality in semi-arid regions.

Key words: planting density, nitrogen fertilization, regulation, carbon and nitrogen accumulation, crude protein synthesis

图1

2023-2024年试验区降雨量和平均气温"

表1

试验处理与描述"

处理
Treatment		 处理描述
Description of treatment
CK1 密度为6.0万株 hm-2, 氮肥全部基施
Density of 60,000 plants hm-2, all nitrogen fertilizer applied as basal dressing
T1 密度为6.0万株 hm-2, 40%氮肥大喇叭口期追施
Density of 60,000 plants hm-2, 40% nitrogen fertilizer topdressing at the bell stage
T2 密度为6.0万株 hm-2, 60%氮肥大喇叭口期追施
Density of 60,000 plants hm-2, 60% nitrogen fertilizer topdressing at the bell stage
CK2 密度为7.5万株 hm-2, 氮肥全部基施
Density of 75,000 plants hm-2, all nitrogen fertilizer applied as basal dressing
T3 密度为7.5万株 hm-2, 40%氮肥大喇叭口期追施
Density of 75,000 plants hm-2, 40% nitrogen fertilizer topdressing at the bell stage
T4 密度为7.5万株 hm-2, 60%氮肥大喇叭口期追施
Density of 75,000 plants hm-2, 60% nitrogen fertilizer topdressing at the bell stage

表2

不同处理对饲草玉米干物质积累与转运的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 花前干物质转运量
DRA (kg hm-2)		 花后干物质积累量
DAA (kg hm-2)		 花前干物质转运率
DRR (%)		 花前干物质转运量对干重产量的贡献率
CDRA (%)
2023 CK1 5700.00 a 6708.00 c 35.19 a 23.31 a
T1 3900.00 b 9683.33 a 27.37 b 5.13 c
T2 1500.00 c 8136.67 b 11.90 c 16.05 b
CK2 3187.50 a 8829.33 b 22.08 a 11.33 a
T3 2387.50 b 9751.67 a 17.93 b 8.87 b
T4 1875.00 c 9704.00 a 11.76 c 6.98 c
2024 CK1 8100.00 a 7207.33 c 42.19 a 30.68 a
T1 6600.00 b 10,683.33 a 37.29 b 12.98 c
T2 4050.00 c 8933.33 b 25.23 c 25.29 b
CK2 6375.00 a 9895.83 b 35.79 a 21.80 a
T3 5250.00 b 10,025.00 a 30.11 b 19.05 b
T4 4500.06 c 10,081.67 a 23.30 c 16.55 c

表3

不同处理对饲草玉米非结构性碳水化合物积累与转运的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 花前NSC转运量
NSCRA (kg hm-2)		 花后NSC积累量
NSCAA (kg hm-2)		 花前NSC转运率
NSCRR (%)		 花前NSC转运量对NSC的贡献率
CNSCRA (%)
2023 CK1 3652.60 a 5899.61 c 89.33 a 30.06 a
T1 2808.47 b 7693.03 a 78.44 b 16.13 c
T2 2344.29 c 6965.17 b 80.19 b 21.57 b
CK2 2540.33 a 4721.21 c 89.38 a 27.50 a
T3 2089.51 b 5676.62 b 78.58 b 20.91 b
T4 1679.58 c 7930.22 a 69.29 c 15.78 c
2024 CK1 4168.06 a 6259.76 c 88.77 a 35.22 a
T1 3172.98 b 8053.48 a 75.16 b 20.60 c
T2 2611.64 c 7325.18 b 77.06 b 25.17 b
CK2 2796.46 a 5081.12 c 85.57 a 29.65 a
T3 2260.07 b 6036.67 b 76.54 b 22.43 b
T4 1832.47 c 8290.40 a 69.62 c 16.24 c

表4

不同处理对青贮玉米氮素积累与转运的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 花前氮素转运量
NRA (kg hm-2)		 花后氮素积累量
NAA (kg hm-2)		 花前氮素转运率
NRR (%)		 花前氮素转运量对氮素的贡献率
CNRA (%)
2023 CK1 119.65 c 173.00 c 53.28 b 36.72 a
T1 191.98 a 307.28 a 61.72 a 26.60 b
T2 164.33 b 230.87 b 63.03 a 15.76 c
CK2 109.16 c 165.14 c 47.46 b 23.66 a
T3 118.64 b 326.77 a 54.03 a 17.78 b
T4 156.67 a 257.68 b 53.96 a 12.64 c
2024 CK1 125.77 c 187.00 c 59.66 b 42.28 a
T1 211.94 a 321.81 a 66.75 a 32.70 b
T2 187.49 b 245.12 b 64.94 a 18.89 c
CK2 114.83 c 179.40 c 52.07 b 24.75 a
T3 133.59 b 272.71 b 63.33 a 18.88 b
T4 173.65 a 342.25 a 63.07 a 13.81 c

图2

2023-2024年同一密度条件下不同施肥处理的青贮玉米粗蛋白含量和粗蛋白产量 处理同表1。图中不同字母表示同一年份处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图3

花前干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量(DRA)及花后干物质积累量(DAA)与粗蛋白含量、青贮玉米产量及粗蛋白产量的相关性 缩写同表2。*表示在0.05水平相关性显著(n = 36)。"

图4

花前NSC积累量、花前NSC转运量(NSCRA)及花后NSC积累量(NSCAA)与粗蛋白含量、青贮玉米产量及粗蛋白产量的相关性 缩写同表3。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平相关性显著(n = 36)。NSC: 非结构性碳水化合物。"

图5

花前氮素积累量、花前氮素转运量(NRA)及花后氮素积累量(NAA)与粗蛋白含量、青贮玉米产量及粗蛋白产量的相关性 缩写同表4。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平相关性显著(n = 36)。"

[1] 高树琴, 王竑晟, 段瑞, 等. 关于加大在中低产田发展草牧业的思考. 中国科学院院刊, 2020, 35: 166-174.
Gao S Q, Wang H S, Duan R, et al. How to develop grass-based livestock husbandry in areas of low-and middle-yield fields. Bull Chin Acad Sci, 2020, 35: 166-174 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2] 方精云, 景海春, 张文浩, 等. 论草牧业的理论体系及其实践. 科学通报, 2018, 63: 1619-1631.
Fang J Y, Jing H C, Zhang W H, et al. The concept of “grass- based livestock husbandry” and its practice in Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia. Chin Sci Bull, 2018, 63: 1619-1631 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.1360/N972018-00042
[3] 李婧. 施氮量和种植密度对全膜双垄沟播粮饲兼用玉米品质形成的影响. 甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文, 甘肃兰州, 2014.
Li J. Effects of Nitrogen Rate and Plant Density on the Quality of Foodstuff Maize under Completely Mulched Alternating Narrow and Wide Ridges with Furrow Planting. MS Thesis of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 2014 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4] Shan N, Zhang Y J, Guo Y C, et al. Cucumber malate decarboxylase, CsNADP-ME2, functions in the balance of carbon and amino acid metabolism in fruit. Hortic Res, 2023, 10: uhad216.
[5] Liu H, Gao X H, Fan W S, et al. Optimizing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants: from fundamental principles to practical applications. J Integr Plant Biol, 2025, 67: 1447-1466.
doi: 10.1111/jipb.13919
[6] 韩展誉, 吴春艳, 许艳秋, 等. 不同施氮水平下灌浆期高温对水稻贮藏蛋白积累及其合成代谢影响. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54: 1439-1454.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.010
Han Z Y, Wu C Y, Xu Y Q, et al. Effects of high-temperature at filling stage on grain storage protein accumulation and its biosynthesis metabolism for rice plants under different nitrogen application levels. Sci Agric Sin, 2021, 54: 1439-1454 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.010
[7] 张俊国, 张三元, 杨春刚, 等. 不同施氮水平对水稻主要食味品质性状影响的研究. 吉林农业科学, 2010, 35(4): 29-33.
Zhang J G, Zhang S Y, Yang C G, et al. Studies on the effect of different nitrogen application to shape and main taste quality of rice. J Jilin Agric Sci, 2010, 35(4): 29-33 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8] 何天久, 宋波涛, 夏锦慧, 等. 14-3-3蛋白在植物碳氮代谢中的作用. 长江蔬菜, 2013(12): 20-24.
He T J, Song B T, Xia J H, et al. Roles of 14-3-3 proteins played in plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism. J Changjiang Veg, 2013(12): 20-24 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9] Lamptey S, Yeboah S, Li L L. Response of maize forage yield and quality to nitrogen fertilization and harvest time in semi-arid northwest China. Asian J Res Agric For, 2018, 1: 1-10.
[10] Salama H S A. Yield and nutritive value of maize (Zea mays L.) forage as affected by plant density, sowing date and age at harvest. Ital J Agron, 2019, 14: 1383.
[11] 孙继颖, 高聚林, 王志刚, 等. 不同类型青贮玉米饲用产量及营养价值对密度调控的响应. 草地学报, 2019, 27: 1733-1742.
doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.06.033
Sun J Y, Gao J L, Wang Z G, et al. Effect of planting density on forage yield and nutritive value of different maize varieties. Acta Agrest Sin, 2019, 27: 1733-1742 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] 刘佳敏, 汪洋, 褚旭, 等. 种植密度和施氮量对小麦-玉米轮作体系下周年产量及氮肥利用率的影响. 作物杂志, 2021(1): 143-149.
Liu J M, Wang Y, Chu X, et al. Effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on annual yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system. Crops, 2021(1): 143-149 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13] Wang H L, Zhang X C, Zhang G P, et al. Regulation of density and fertilization on crude protein synthesis in forage maize in a semiarid rain-fed area. Agriculture, 2023, 13: 715.
doi: 10.3390/agriculture13030715
[14] 陈琦, 汪兰英, 赵小林, 等. 施氮量和种植密度对青贮玉米产量和品质的影响. 中国饲料, 2024(1): 141-148.
Chen Q, Wang L Y, Zhao X L, et al. Effect of nitrogen application rate and planting density on yield and quality of silage maize varieties. China Feed, 2024(1): 141-148 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15] 贾梦杨, 姚泽英, 李长青, 等. 种植密度对青贮玉米生长发育、产量和品质的影响. 饲料研究, 2020, 43(10): 105-108.
Jia M Y, Yao Z Y, Li C Q, et al. Effect of planting density on growth, yield and quality of silage maize. Feed Res, 2020, 43(10): 105-108 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16] 张晓, 苏亚军, 王瑛, 等. 品种和密度对青贮玉米生物量与农艺性状的影响. 饲料研究, 2022, 45(15): 88-93.
Zhang X, Su Y J, Wang Ying, et al. Effect of variety and density on silage maize biomass and agronomic traits. Feed Res, 2022, 45(15): 88-93 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[17] 郭晓锋, 史堂, 施斐, 等. 种植密度对不同饲用玉米产量与品质的影响. 寒旱农业科学, 2025, 4(1): 67-72.
Guo X F, Shi T, Shi F, et al. Effects of planting density on the yield and quality of different forage maize varieties. J Cold Arid Agric Sci, 2025, 4(1): 67-72 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[18] 侯湃, 陈彩锦, 张静妮, 等. 宁夏固原地区不同青贮玉米品种生产性能及营养品质研究. 草地学报, 2021, 29: 2346-2354.
doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.10.027
Hou P, Chen C J, Zhang J N, et al. Study on production performance and nutritional quality of different silage maize in Guyuan area of Ningxia. Acta Agrest Sin, 2021, 29: 2346-2354 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] 庄克章, 吴荣华, 张春艳, 等. 种植密度对不同类型玉米青贮产量和营养价值的影响. 作物杂志, 2019(6): 140-144.
Zhuang K Z, Wu R H, Zhang C Y, et al. Effects of density on yield and nutritional value of different types of silage maize. Crops, 2019(6): 140-144 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[20] Hao B Z, Xue Q W, Bean B W, et al. Biomass production, water and nitrogen use efficiency in photoperiod-sensitive sorghum in the Texas High Plains. Biomass Bioenergy, 2014, 62: 108-116.
doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.01.008
[21] 王丽萍, 白岚方, 王天昊, 等. 不同施氮水平对青贮玉米植株氮素积累和转运的影响. 作物杂志, 2023(4): 165-173.
Wang L P, Bai L F, Wang T H, et al. Effects of different nitrogen levels on nitrogen accumulation and transport in silage maize. Crops, 2023(4): 165-173 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22] 徐芳. 不同氮肥处理下玉米中营养成分的分析. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(3): 59-62.
Xu F. Analysis of nutrient components of maize with different treatment of N fertilizer. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2013, 29(3): 59-62 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3850
[23] 刘桂宇, 周大梁, 梁欢欢, 等. 沟垄集雨下密度和施氮对陇东地区青贮玉米生理特性、产量及品质的调控. 草业科学, 2022, 39: 960-976.
Liu G Y, Zhou D L, Liang H H, et al. Regulation of density and nitrogen fertilizer on physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of silage maize using a ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system in Longdong Region, China. Pratac Sci, 2022, 39: 960-976 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[24] Guo Z B, Wan S X, Hua K K, et al. Fertilization regime has a greater effect on soil microbial community structure than crop rotation and growth stage in an agroecosystem. Appl Soil Ecol, 2020, 149: 103510.
doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103510
[25] Hu R, Wang X P, Xu J S, et al. The mechanism of soil nitrogen transformation under different biocrusts to warming and reduced precipitation: from microbial functional genes to enzyme activity. Sci Total Environ, 2020, 722: 137849.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137849
[26] 王宇峰, 孟会生, 李廷亮, 等. 培肥措施对复垦土壤微生物碳氮代谢功能多样性的影响. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(24): 81-90.
Wang Y F, Meng H S, Li T L, et al. Effects of fertilization regime on the functional diversity of microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism in reclaimed soil. Trans CSAE, 2020, 36(24): 81-90 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] 吴雅薇, 蒲玮, 赵波, 等. 不同耐低氮性玉米品种的花后碳氮积累与转运特征. 作物学报, 2021, 47: 915-928.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03033
Wu Y W, Pu W, Zhao B, et al. Characteristics of post-anthesis carbon and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in maize cultivars with different low nitrogen tolerance. Acta Agron Sin, 2021, 47: 915-928 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03033
[28] 李永虎, 曹梦琳, 杜慧玲, 等. 施肥位置及施肥量对杂交谷子干物质累积、转运和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52: 4177-4190.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.021
Li Y H, Cao M L, Du H L, et al. Effect of fertilization location and amount on dry matter accumulation, translocation and yield of hybrid millet. Sci Agric Sin, 2019, 52: 4177-4190 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.021
[29] 潘俊峰, 崔克辉, 向镜, 等. 不同库容量类型基因型水稻茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物积累转运特征. 华中农业大学学报, 2015, 34(1): 9-15.
Pan J F, Cui K H, Xiang J, et al. Characteristics of non-structural carbohydrate accumulation and translocation in rice genotypes with various sink-capacity. J Huazhong Agric Univ, 2015, 34(1): 9-15 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[30] 郑飞娜, 初金鹏, 张秀, 等. 播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应. 作物学报, 2020, 46: 423-431.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91046
Zheng F N, Chu J P, Zhang X, et al. Interactive effects of sowing pattern and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in large spike wheat cultivar. Acta Agron Sin, 2020, 46: 423-431 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91046
[31] Li Q, Kong F L, Wu Y W, et al. Increasing nitrogen accumulation and reducing nitrogen loss with N-efficient maize cultivars. Plant Prod Sci, 2020, 23: 260-269.
doi: 10.1080/1343943X.2019.1710221
[32] 顾朝剑, 杨海泉, 蒋卫利, 等. 不同颜色水稻品种的总蛋白、可溶性蛋白含量分析. 分子植物育种, 2017, 15: 1035-1042.
Gu C J, Yang H Q, Jiang W L, et al. The content analysis of total protein and soluble protein in different colored rice varieties. Mol Plant Breed, 2017, 15: 1035-1042 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[33] Chazarreta Y D, Amas J I, Otegui M E. Kernel filling and desiccation in temperate maize: breeding and environmental effects. Field Crops Res, 2021, 271: 108243.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108243
[34] Hussain A, Yun B W, Kim J H, et al. Novel and conserved functions of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in tomato. J Exp Bot, 2019, 70: 4877-4886.
doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz234 pmid: 31089684
[35] Qu X J, Zhou J Q, Masabni J, et al. Phosphorus relieves aluminum toxicity in oil tea seedlings by regulating the metabolic profiling in the roots. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2020, 152: 12-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.030
[36] Liu Z D, Gao M L, Liu F Y, et al. Evapotranspiration partitioning and crop water productivity under varying planting densities of maize in North China. Crop J, 2025, 13: 952-960.
doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2025.03.005
[37] 魏春燕, 李月灵, 金则新, 等. 遮荫对七子花幼苗光合特性和非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响. 植物研究, 2022, 42: 1096-1105.
doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2022.06.020
Wei C Y, Li Y L, Jin Z X, et al. Effects of shading on photosynthetic characteristics and non-structural carbohydrate content of Heptacodium miconioides seedlings. Bull Bot Res, 2022, 42: 1096-1105 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[38] 史磊, 王延波, 李明, 等. 密度对玉米干物质积累、光合特性和产量的影响. 辽宁农业科学, 2015(3): 1-5.
Shi L, Wang Y B, Li M, et al. Effects of plant density on drymatter accumulation, photosynthetic characters and yield in maize. Liaoning Agric Sci, 2015(3): 1-5 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[39] 曹胜彪, 张吉旺, 董树亭, 等. 施氮量和种植密度对高产夏玉米产量和氮素利用效率的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18: 1343-1353.
Cao S B, Zhang J W, Dong S T, et al. Effects of nitrogen rate and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of high yield summer maize. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2012, 18: 1343-1353 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[40] 邱旭华. 水稻氮代谢基础研究: 谷氨酸脱氢酶作用的分子机理. 华中农业大学博士学位论文, 湖北武汉, 2009.
Qiu X H. Molecular Mechanism of Glutamine Dehydrogenase Genes for Primary Study of the Rice Nitrogen Metabolite. PhD Dissertation of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 2009 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[41] 张新钵. 不同氮效率小麦碳氮代谢关键酶活性与基因表达差异及氮肥响应. 扬州大学博士学位论文, 江苏扬州, 2022.
Zhang X B. Differences in Activities and Gene Expression of Key Enzymes Involved in Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism and Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat with Different NUE. PhD Dissertation of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, 2022 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[42] 张中东, 郭正宇, 宫帅, 等. 新老玉米品种花粒期干物质及氮素积累转运机制的差异分析. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(6): 182-191.
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.06.027
Zhang Z D, Guo Z Y, Gong S, et al. Difference analysis of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation mechanism of new and old maize varieties flowering to maturity stage. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2017, 32(6): 182-191 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.06.027
[43] 张磊, 孔丽丽, 侯云鹏, 等. 施氮水平对玉米开花后干物质积累、转运及土壤无机氮含量的影响. 玉米科学, 2020, 28(4): 155-164.
Zhang L, Kong L L, Hou Y P, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation, translocation, and inorganic nitrogen content in soil after anthesis of maize. J Maize Sci, 2020, 28(4): 155-164 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[44] 张建军, 党翼, 赵刚, 等. 西北旱塬免耕的产量效应受降水特征和施肥显著影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2024, 30: 1694-1704.
Zhang J J, Dang Y, Zhao G, et al. Crop yield efficiency of no-tillage is significantly influenced by precipitation and fertilization in the dryland of northwest China. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2024, 30: 1694-1704 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[45] 张伟杨, 钱希旸, 李银银, 等. 土壤干旱对小麦生理性状和产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2016, 36: 491-500.
Zhang W Y, Qian X Y, Li Y Y, et al. Effect of soil drought on the physiological traits and grain yield of wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2016, 36: 491-500 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[46] Dordas C A, Lithourgidis A S, Matsi T, et al. Application of liquid cattle manure and inorganic fertilizers affect dry matter, nitrogen accumulation, and partitioning in maize. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 2008, 80: 283-296.
doi: 10.1007/s10705-007-9143-1
[47] 马剑, 张钰. 分期追施氮肥对玉米营养器官中非结构性碳水化合物积累转运及产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2019, 27(2): 155-160.
Ma J, Zhang Y. Effect of topdressing nitrogen on transportation and accumulation of non-structural carbohydrate of vegetative organs and yield in maize. J Maize Sci, 2019, 27(2): 155-160 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[48] 张文洁, 许能祥, 董臣飞. C4饲草在凋萎处理中饲用品质及青贮品质的变化. 草业学报, 2016, 25(9): 173-181.
doi: 10.11686/cyxb2015539
Zhang W J, Xu N X, Dong C F. Changes to feeding value and fermentation quality of three C4 grass species duringwilting for silage production, Acta Pratac Sin, 2016, 25(9): 173-181 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[49] 吕广德, 米勇, 陈永军, 等. 氮肥运筹对玉米干物质及氮素积累转运和产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2021, 29(1): 128-137.
Lyu G D, Mi Y, Chen Y J, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen accumulation, dry matter accumulation, transport, and yield of maize. J Maize Sci, 2021, 29(1): 128-137 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[50] 李强, 孔凡磊, 袁继超. 氮肥运筹对不同氮效率玉米品种干物质生产及产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(6): 174-182.
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.024
Li Q, Kong F L, Yuan J C. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer operation on dry matter production and yield of maize cultivars with contrasting nitrogen efficiency. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2018, 33(6): 174-182 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.024
[51] 吕静瑶. 不同施氮水平下玉米籽粒灌浆特性及碳氮代谢研究. 太原理工大学硕士学位论文, 山西太原, 2016.
Lyu J Y. Grain Filling Characteristics and Carbon Nitrogen Metabolism of Maize under Different Nitrogen Applications. MS Thesis of Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 2016 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[52] 王健, 韩金玲, 杨敏, 等. 不同氮高效玉米品种对氮素的吸收转运和代谢研究. 核农学报, 2020, 34: 2800-2812.
doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.12.2800
Wang J, Han J L, Yang M, et al. Study on the nitrogen uptake and metabolism in different nitrogen efficient maize varieties. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2020, 34: 2800-2812 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2020.12.2800
[53] 徐敏云, 谢帆, 李运起, 等. 施肥对青贮玉米营养品质和饲用价值的影响. 动物营养学报, 2011, 23: 1043-1051.
Xu M Y, Xie F, Li Y Q, et al. Effects of fertilizing on nutritional quality and feeding value of maize silage. Acta Zoonutrimenta Sin, 2011, 23: 1043-1051 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[54] 黄建华, 史永晖, 马庆国, 等. 施氮量对夏玉米不同生长阶段氮素吸收及N2O排放的影响. 山东农业科学, 2023, 55(3): 109-116.
Huang J H, Shi Y H, Ma Q G, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and N2O emission of maize at different growth stages. Shandong Agric Sci, 2023, 55(3): 109-116 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[55] 赵士诚, 裴雪霞, 何萍, 等. 氮肥减量后移对土壤氮素供应和夏玉米氮素吸收利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16: 492-497.
Zhao S C, Pei X X, He P, et al. Effects of reducing and postponing nitrogen application on soil N supply, plant N uptake and utilization of summer maize. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2010, 16: 492-497 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[56] 任勇, 陈柔屹, 唐祈林, 等. 新型饲草玉米生长动态及收割期的研究. 作物学报, 2007, 33: 1360-1365.
Ren Y, Chen R Y, Tang Q L, et al. Growth dynamics and optimum harvest period of a novel forage maize. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33: 1360-1365 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[57] 谢军, 徐春丽, 陈轩敬, 等. 不同施肥模式对玉米各器官碳氮累积和分配的影响. 草业学报, 2018, 27(8): 50-58.
doi: 10.11686/cyxb2017370
Xie J, Xu C L, Chen X J, et al. Accumulation and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in various organs of maize under different fertilization regimes. Acta Pratac Sin, 2018, 27(8): 50-58 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[58] 何金明, 高峻岭, 宋朝玉, 等. 肥料供应和种植密度对玉米中蛋白质含量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(24): 69-75.
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110074
He J M, Gao J L, Song C Y, et al. Fertilizer supply and planting density on protein content of maize. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2016, 32(24): 69-75 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110074
[59] 蒋紫薇, 刘桂宇, 安昊云, 等. 种植密度与施氮对玉米/秣食豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响. 草业学报, 2022, 31(7): 157-171.
doi: 10.11686/cyxb2021251
Jiang Z W, Liu G Y, An H Y, et al. Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on forage yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency in a maize/forage soybean intercropping system. Acta Pratac Sin, 2022, 31(7): 157-171 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[60] 金江, 黄依妮, 刘鸿宇, 等. 减施氮肥及玉米间作绿肥对混合饲草产量及品质的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2024(9): 61-69.
Jin J, Huang Y N, Liu H Y, et al. Effects of reduced nitrogen fertilizer and green manure intercropping of maize on yield and quality of mixed forage. Soil Fert Sci China, 2024(9): 61-69 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[61] 任红阳, 郑林峰, 王自立, 等. 混贮原料对全株玉米青贮粗蛋白质含量及发酵品质的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54: 4526-4536.
doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.11.009
Ren H Y, Zheng L F, Wang Z L, et al. Effects of mixing materials on crude protein content and fermentation quality of whole corn silage. Acta Vet Zootechnica Sin, 2023, 54: 4526-4536 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[62] 万鹏. 氮肥对土壤氮素及不同玉米生理、产量和氮素利用的影响. 天津农学院硕士学位论文, 天津, 2017.
Wan P. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Physiological, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Soil Nitrogen and Different Maize. MS Thesis of Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China, 2017 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[63] 付帅, 王艳群, 刘晓明, 等. 不同形态氮肥对玉米干物质、氮素积累及土壤氮素的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2023(4): 122-129.
Fu S, Wang Y Q, Liu X M, et al. Dry matter, nitrogen accumulation of maize and soil nitrogen in response to different forms of nitrogen fertilizers. Soils Fert Sci China, 2023(4): 122-129 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[64] Huang Y C, Wang H H, Zhu Y D, et al. THP9 enhances seed protein content and nitrogen-use efficiency in maize. Nature, 2022, 612: 292-300.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05441-2
[65] 石云鹭, 赵明, 李连禄, 等. 农牧交错区青贮玉米粗蛋白含量分析及高光谱反演. 玉米科学, 2005, 13(1): 64-68.
Shi Y L, Zhao M, Li L L, et al. Analysis on crude protein content of silage corn in agriculture-animal husbandry ecotone and hyperspectral remote sensing estimation. J Maize Sci, 2005, 13(1): 64-68 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[66] 谷浏涟, 孙磊, 石瑛, 等. 氮肥施用时期对马铃薯干物质积累转运及产量的影响. 土壤, 2013, 45: 610-615.
Gu L L, Sun L, Shi Y, et al. Effects of nitrogen application time on dry matter accumulation and translocation and Tuber yield of potato. Soils, 2013, 45: 610-615 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[67] 赵艳, 罗铮, 杨丽, 等. 氮肥运筹对稻茬小麦氮素转运、干物质积累、产量及品质的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2022, 42: 1001-1011.
Zhao Y, Luo Z, Yang L, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen translocation, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of wheat after rice. J Triticeae Crops, 2022, 42: 1001-1011 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[68] 吴志宇. 不同秸秆还田年限下氮肥调控对春玉米碳氮代谢及产量的影响. 内蒙古民族大学硕士学位论文, 内蒙古通辽, 2024.
Wu Z Y. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Yield of Spring Maize under Different Straw Returning Years Impact. MS Thesis of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China, 2024 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[1] 韩亚鑫, 何冠华, 张小琼, 张登峰, 李永祥, 刘旭洋, 王天宇, 黎裕, 邹华文, 李春辉. 基于RNA-Seq和BSA-Seq联合分析挖掘玉米侧根密度基因资源[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1341-1352.
[2] 宋松泉, 唐翠芳, 梁裕荣, 程红焱, 王伟青. sRNA的生物合成和作用机制及其对种子发育和休眠与萌发调控的研究进展[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 959-981.
[3] 张全军, 吴东丽, 刘聪, 朱永超, 杨大生, 孔祥胜. 1981—2024年长江中下游油菜发育期时空格局演变特征[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1140-1152.
[4] 刘宁, 樊平, 王成, 陈琪琪, 成庆悦, 铁夏娜, 汤菁莎, 刘彬彬, 谢鸿堃, 王嘉悦, 施园青, 马均. 减氮配施有机肥对机插稻产量形成与氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 866-880.
[5] 张力岚, 杨军, 王让剑. 基于WGCNA发掘茶树糖苷类香气前体含量性状相关的候选基因[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(2): 494-513.
[6] 李秋云, 李世贵, 范军亮, 刘昊天, 赵晓斌, 吕硕, 王艳浩, 岳云, 张宁, 司怀军. 离子锌和纳米锌对马铃薯生理特性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1838-1849.
[7] 李保成, 韩云飞, 张乐, 杜二小, 伞薪潼, 刘新雨, 任永峰, 张德健, 李娟, 张海峰. 滴灌条件下水肥调控对马铃薯产量品质和水肥利用率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(12): 3281-3291.
[8] 崔栋, 王同超, 杨松林, 任佰朝, 高英波, 于宁宁, 张吉旺. 灌溉方式和种植密度优化协同提高夏玉米产量和水分利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(11): 3026-3037.
[9] 王子琳, 关裴奕, 黄翠, 陈键, 方佳创, 刘晨瑞, 郭章玺, 王梓鸣, 王朝辉, 刘金山, 田汇, 石美. 小麦锰锌吸收累积对锌肥的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(10): 2836-2842.
[10] 辛明华, 秘雅迪, 王国平, 李小飞, 李亚兵, 董合林, 韩迎春, 冯璐. 行距配置和种植密度对棉花干物质生产及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 221-232.
[11] 马敏虎, 常华瑜, 陈朝燕, 仁增, 刘廷辉, 邢国芳, 郭刚刚. 苗草专用型大麦品种鉴定及全基因组关联分析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 91-102.
[12] 郭飞翔, 李春霞, 周爽, 郭彬彬, 张均, 马超. 绿豆R2R3-MYB转录因子家族鉴定及其类黄酮合成调控基因的筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(1): 117-133.
[13] 张琪祺, 陈杰昌, 蒯婕, 汪波, 王晶, 徐正华, 赵杰, 赵思明, 贾才华, 周广生. 高密度直播对油菜冷榨菜籽油品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(9): 2358-2370.
[14] 徐一帆, 徐彩龙, 李瑞东, 吴宗声, 华建鑫, 杨琳, 宋雯雯, 吴存祥. 侧深施肥通过优化叶片功能与氮素积累来提高大豆产量[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(9): 2335-2346.
[15] 彭杰, 谢晓麒, 张钊, 姚晓芬, 邱深, 陈丹丹, 顾晓娜, 王玉洁, 王晨晨, 杨国正. 夏直播棉花产量与冠层微环境的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(9): 2371-2382.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2