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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 1384-1393.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34159

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

利用野生种Solanum boliviense创制马铃薯抗寒种质

刘园园1(), 董建科1, 应静文1, 梅文祥1, 程刚2, 郭晶晶1, 焦文标3,*(), 宋波涛1,*()   

  1. 1华中农业大学园艺林学学院 / 农业农村部马铃薯生物学与生物技术重点实验室 / 果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
    2鄂州市农产品质量安全检验检测所, 湖北鄂州 436099
    3华中农业大学信息学院, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-02 接受日期:2024-01-31 出版日期:2024-06-12 网络出版日期:2024-02-21
  • 通讯作者: * 宋波涛, E-mail: songbotao@mail.hzau.edu.cn; 焦文标, E-mail: jiao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: liu1967588426@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1100201);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(Potato, CARS-09)

Creating cold resistant germplasm of potato using Solanum boliviense

LIU Yuan-Yuan1(), DONG Jian-Ke1, YING Jing-Wen1, MEI Wen-Xiang1, CHENG Gang2, GUO Jing-Jing1, JIAO Wen-Biao3,*(), SONG Bo-Tao1,*()   

  1. 1National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops / Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Institute of Detection for Agricultural Products of Ezhou, Ezhou 436099, Hubei, China
    3College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2023-10-02 Accepted:2024-01-31 Published:2024-06-12 Published online:2024-02-21
  • Contact: * E-mail: songbotao@mail.hzau.edu.cn;E-mail: jiao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1100201);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Potato, CARS-09)

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摘要：

马铃薯栽培种不耐低温霜冻, 低温直接影响植株和块茎的生长和发育, 进而影响马铃薯的产量。马铃薯野生种抗性资源丰富, S. boliviense等野生种存在丰富的低温霜冻抗性, 它们是改良马铃薯栽培种的重要资源。本研究在对野生种S. boliviense不同株系进行抗寒性鉴定的基础上, 筛选得到综合性状优良的株系BLV29-2 (S. boliviense)并与二倍体栽培种ED25进行杂交和回交, 获得了抗寒性较强的种间杂种材料; 再利用秋水仙素处理部分抗寒性明显改良的种间杂种株系, 对这些加倍株系进行抗寒性和农艺性状鉴定, 结果表明所有加倍材料在株高、花粉粒直径和单个薯重等方面均有显著增加, 大部分材料加倍前后抗寒性无显著变化, 但较栽培种对照显著提升。将加倍株系T-FT073-4-7与优良四倍体栽培种华薯13号进行杂交, 杂交后代自然霜冻评级结果出现抗感分离, 47%材料的抗寒性偏向母本T-FT073-4-7, 显著高于父本栽培种, 进一步结合田间农艺性状筛选出了部分综合性状优良且抗寒性显著改良的育种材料。本研究已成功将二倍体野生种S. boliviense的优良抗寒性导入四倍体栽培种中, 改良了现有栽培种对低温敏感的不足, 为抗寒遗传育种材料的选育和进一步改良奠定了重要基础。

关键词: 马铃薯, 抗寒, 农艺性状, 染色体加倍, 遗传改良

Abstract:

Potato cultivars are not tolerant to low temperatures and frost, which directly affects the growth and development of plants and tubers, thus affecting potato yield. Wild potato species, such as S. boliviense, have abundant resources for cold frost resistance, which are important resources for improving cultivated potato varieties. Based on cold resistance identification of different S. boliviense strains, we screened and obtained the excellent strain BLV29-2 (S. boliviense) with comprehensive traits. It was then crossed and backcrossed with the diploid cultivar ED25, resulting in interspecific hybrids with stronger cold resistance. Inter-specific hybrid strains that had shown significant improvement in cold tolerance were treated with recycled colchicine. Cold tolerance and agronomic traits were assessed in some of the strains, and the results showed that all the doubled materials had significant increases in plant height, pollen grain diameter, and individual potato weight. Most of the materials showed there was no significant change in cold tolerance before and after doubling, but significantly improved compared to the cultivated species control. By crossing the treated strain T-FT073-4-7 with the superior tetraploid cultivar Huashu 13, we observed segregation of cold resistance in the offspring, with the 47% of the materials showing a preference towards the maternal parent T-FT073-4-7 and significantly higher cold resistance compared to the paternal cultivar. Through further field evaluations of agronomic traits, we identified selected breeding materials with the improved overall traits and the significantly enhanced cold resistance. This study successfully introduced the excellent cold resistance of the diploid wild species S. boliviense into the tetraploid cultivar, thus addressing the deficiency of the existing cultivar in terms of low-temperature sensitivity. These findings provide an important foundation for the selection and further improvement of cold-resistant genetic breeding materials.

Key words: potato, cold resistance, agronomic traits, chromosome doubling, genetic improvement

表1

野生种S. boliviense的10个材料共25个株系"

株系
Line		 材料
Accession		 株系
Line		 材料
Accession		 株系
Line		 材料
Accession
BLV29-1 PI 472806 BLV33-1 PI 498362 BLV36-3 PI 545999
BLV29-2 PI 472806 BLV33-2 PI 498362 BLV37-1 PI 546000
BLV29-3 PI 472806 BLV33-3 PI 498362 BLV37-2 PI 546000
BLV30-1 PI 473131 BLV34-1 PI 498383 BLV37-3 PI 546000
BLV30-2 PI 473131 BLV34-2 PI 498383 BLV38-1 PI 546010
BLV31-1 PI 473134 BLV34-3 PI 498383 BLV38-2 PI 546010
BLV32-1 PI 473135 BLV35-2 PI 500031 BLV38-3 PI 546010
BLV32-2 PI 473135 BLV36-1 PI 545999
BLV32-3 PI 473135 BLV36-2 PI 545999

图1

S. boliviense抗寒性和农艺性状鉴定 FT为直接抗寒能力, CA为驯化抗寒能力。A: S. boliviense抗寒性鉴定; B: S. boliviense株高统计; C: S. boliviense花粉活力鉴定; D: BLV29-2花粉; E: BLV37-2花粉; F: BLV29-2植株; G: BLV33-3植株。数值为平均值±SD (n = 3)。标尺为20 μm。"

图2

FT051农艺性状鉴定 A: BLV29-2植株; B: ED25植株; C: FT051-2植株; D: FT051-3植株; E: BLV29-2花; F: ED25花; G: FT051-3花; H: FT051-9花。"

图3

FT073抗寒性鉴定 FT为直接抗寒能力, CA为驯化抗寒能力。白色和黑色的柱子分别表示直接抗寒性和驯化抗寒性。数值为平均值±SD (n = 3)。"

图4

FT073农艺性状鉴定 A: FT073-19植株; B: FT073株高; C: FT073茎粗; D: FT073主茎数; E: FT073-16植株; F: FT073茎色; G: FT073叶形指数; H: FT073叶面积。数值为平均值±SD (n = 3)。"

图5

加倍处理材料倍性鉴定 A~F为染色体计数倍性鉴定。A: AC142; B: E3; C: FT073-15; D~F: T-FT073-15。标尺为5 μm。"

图6

材料加倍前后抗寒性鉴定 FT为直接抗寒能力, CA为驯化抗寒能力。黑色和灰色的柱子分别表示加倍前和加倍后材料的抗寒性。数值为平均值±SD (n = 3)。星号表示加倍前后有显著差异(*P < 0.05), 分析方法为Student’s t检验。"

图7

材料加倍前后农艺性状鉴定 A: FT073-15植株; B: T-FT073-15-1植株; C: FT073-15花; D: T-FT073-15-1花; E: FT073-15花粉; F: T-FT073-15-1花粉; G: FT073-15块茎; H: T-FT073-15-1块茎。数值为平均值±SD (n = 3)。"

图8

FT123霜冻后表型 A: T-FT073-4-7; B: 华薯13号; C: FT123-2; D: FT123-6; E: FT123-16; F: FT123-25; G: FT123-33; H: FT123-47。"

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