作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 1554-1567.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34135
宁宁1(
), 余新颖1, 秦梦倩1, 娄洪祥1, 王宗铠1, 王春云1, 贾才华2, 徐正华1, 王晶1, 蒯婕1, 汪波1, 赵杰1, 周广生1,*(
)
NING Ning1(
), YU Xin-Ying1, QIN Meng-Qian1, LOU Hong-Xiang1, WANG Zong-Kai1, WANG Chun-Yun1, JIA Cai-Hua2, XU Zheng-Hua1, WANG Jing1, KUAI Jie1, WANG Bo1, ZHAO Jie1, ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,*(
)
摘要:
为明确关键栽培措施对菜籽油品质的影响, 本研究以“湘杂油518”和“大地199”为材料, 分别在武汉和兰州进行播期、密度及氮肥处理单因素试验, 籽粒成熟后收获冷榨, 测定菜籽油色泽、过氧化值、极性总酚及甾醇含量等关键品质指标, 综合评价各处理下菜籽油品质。结果表明: 本试验条件下, 播期、密度、氮肥均显著影响菜籽油关键品质指标, 但各指标在两品种、两试验点间的变化规律不尽相同。两试点、两品种均在早播条件下菜籽油的油酸含量较高, 且均随播期推迟, 色泽加深, 叶绿素含量升高, 综合品质下降。两试点的湘杂油518品种在D2密度(4.5×105 hm-2)下的菜籽油的酸价较低, 极性总酚、总植物甾醇和总生育酚含量较高, 综合品质较好。两试点的大地199品种则随密度增加菜籽油叶绿素含量增加, 色泽加深, 亚油酸含量降低, 综合品质下降。两试点、两品种均在低氮下(120 kg hm-2)有较高的籽粒含油量和出油效率, 且均随施氮量的增加菜籽油色泽加深, 综合品质下降。主成分分析表明, 播期对菜籽油综合品质的影响大于种植密度和施氮量处理, 酸价、叶绿素、极性总酚、抗氧化能力和总植物甾醇是影响菜籽油的关键品质指标; 相关性分析表明, 籽粒含油量与出油效率显著正相关, 叶绿素、类胡萝卜素与菜籽油色泽均呈显著正相关, 极性总酚与抗氧化性显著正相关。综上所述, 生产中适期早播、减少氮肥用量、降低种植密度, 可提高压榨菜籽油品质。本试验结果可为高品质菜籽油优质原料的生产提供技术支撑。
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