水稻黄华占背景选择导入系的耐低氮筛选评价与利用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.42002

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 1907-1919.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.42002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

水稻黄华占背景选择导入系的耐低氮筛选评价与利用

邵美红¹(), 赵玲玲¹, 程楚¹, 程思明¹, 朱双兵², 翟来圆², 陈凯², 徐建龙²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹建德市农业技术推广中心, 浙江杭州 311600
²岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心 / 中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所, 广东深圳 518210
³中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
⁴三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院, 海南三亚 572024

收稿日期:2024-01-06 接受日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2024-08-12 网络出版日期:2024-05-08
通讯作者: * 徐建龙, E-mail: xujianlong@caas.cn
作者简介:E-mail: hzjdsmh@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1000400)

Screening, evaluation, and utilization of low nitrogen tolerance for the selected introgression lines in rice with Huanghuazhan background

SHAO Mei-Hong¹(), ZHAO Ling-Ling¹, CHENG Chu¹, CHENG Si-Ming¹, ZHU Shuang-Bing², ZHAI Lai-Yuan², CHEN Kai², XU Jian-Long²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Jiande, Hangzhou 311600, Zhejiang, China
²Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong, China
³Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
⁴National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China

Received:2024-01-06 Accepted:2024-04-01 Published:2024-08-12 Published online:2024-05-08
Contact: * E-mail: xujianlong@caas.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000400)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中低产田的氮素不足是制约水稻高产的重要因素, 筛选和培育耐低氮品种是解决这一问题的有效途径之一。本研究利用种质资源导入黄华占背景培育的目标性状选择导入系群体, 经连续3个季节在低氮和正常施氮条件下评价导入系的产量及其相关性状表现, 发现低氮处理对导入系的抽穗期、结实率和千粒重影响最小, 平均耐低氮指数均接近1; 对单株产量和单株有效穗数的影响较大, 平均耐低氮指数分别仅为0.45和0.62, 认为单株产量和单株有效穗数是衡量水稻耐低氮性的有用指标。基于单株产量的耐低氮指数, 从导入系群体中筛选出9份耐低氮株系, 其单株产量的耐低氮指数变幅为0.87~1.04。对其中的5份进行多点品比验证, 其中1份不具备耐低氮性, 产量平均耐低氮指数为0.66, 其余4份表现较强的耐低氮水平, 产量平均耐低氮指数为0.94, 表明耐低氮性具有个体和群体水平的差异, 强调对分离群体中筛选出来的耐低氮材料进行群体水平验证的重要性。4份耐低氮株系中, M85耐低氮性主要通过在低氮条件下较高有效穗数和千粒重来实现, 其余3份耐低氮株系(M382、M563和M79)则主要通过较多每穗实粒数和较高的千粒重来实现, 提出在一定穗数基础上增加每穗实粒数是提高低氮条件下水稻产量的重要途径。结合选择导入系的苗期耐盐、成株期抗旱和全生育期耐低氮特性, 对利用不同供体来源的选择导入系通过分子设计同步改良多个复杂抗逆性状进行了讨论。

关键词: 水稻, 选择导入系, 耐低氮, 耐低氮指数, 抗逆性改良

Abstract:

Nitrogen deficiency in medium-yield and low-yield fields is an important factor restricting the high yield in rice. It is one of effective ways to solve the problem by screening and developing rice variety with low nitrogen tolerance (LNT). In this study, the selected introgression lines (SILs) from germplasms in Huanghuazhan (HHZ) background were used to evaluate the performance of yield and its related traits under low and normal nitrogen conditions for successive three seasons. Low nitrogen had least effect on heading date, seed fertility, and 1000-grain weight (TGW) with the average low nitrogen tolerance index (LNTI) around 1.0, whereas had greatest effect on grain yield per plant (GYP) and panicle number per plant (PN) with the respective average LNTI of 0.45 and 0.62, indicating that GYP and PN were useful indicator of LNT. Based on LNTI of GYP, nine LNT lines were selected with LNTI ranging from 0.87 to 1.04. Five of the selected LNT lines verified by multiple-site trials, one line (M281) had low LNT with GYP-LNTI of 0.66 and the other four had high LNT with the average GYP-LNTI of 0.94, indicating that LNT was a characteristic with the differences at individual and population levels, thus emphasizing the importance of population verification for LNT materials which were screened from segregation population. Among the four LNT lines, M85 was mainly achieved by higher PN and TGW under low nitrogen condition, whereas the other three lines (M382, M563, and M79) were mainly supported by more filled grains per panicle (FGP) and higher TGW. Therefore, an important way was proposed to achieve high yield under low nitrogen condition through increasing FGP based on a relatively high PN. In view of salt tolerance at seedling stage, drought tolerance at reproductive stage and LNT at all growth duration of SILs, it was discussed how to simultaneously improve multiple complex abiotic stress tolerances using SILs derived from diverse donors by molecular design.

Key words: rice, selected introgression line, low nitrogen tolerance, low nitrogen tolerance index, stress tolerance improvement

邵美红, 赵玲玲, 程楚, 程思明, 朱双兵, 翟来圆, 陈凯, 徐建龙. 水稻黄华占背景选择导入系的耐低氮筛选评价与利用[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(8): 1907-1919.

SHAO Mei-Hong, ZHAO Ling-Ling, CHENG Chu, CHENG Si-Ming, ZHU Shuang-Bing, ZHAI Lai-Yuan, CHEN Kai, XU Jian-Long. Screening, evaluation, and utilization of low nitrogen tolerance for the selected introgression lines in rice with Huanghuazhan background[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(8): 1907-1919.

图/表 8

表1

表2

表3

表4

591份黄华占背景导入系群体在不同季节和不同氮肥处理下的产量及其相关性状表现"

处理 Treatment	性状 Trait	2013早季 Early season in 2013			2013晚季 Late season in 2013			2014早季 Early season in 2014
处理 Treatment	性状 Trait	平均数± 标准差 Mean ± SD	变幅 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	平均数± 标准差 Mean ± SD	变幅 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	平均数± 标准差 Mean ± SD	变幅 Range	变异系数 CV (%)
对照	单株有效穗数 PN	5.3±0.71	3.3-8.4	13.46	6.2±1.06	3.2-10.7	17.05	6.8±1.16	4.5-12.6	17.07
CK	抽穗期 HD (d)	104.4±3.64	95.5-117.0	3.49	85.6±0.05	79.5-102.0	4.71	96.8±4.28	90.0-114.0	4.42
	株高 PH (cm)	113.3±6.34	99.8-146.5	5.60	86.1±0.07	71.5-110.8	7.20	110.6±7.33	95.5-143.6	6.62
	千粒重 TGW (g)	24.7±1.61	19.1-29.9	6.53	21.3±1.65	16.9-26.7	7.73	23.3±1.53	19.8-28.6	6.59
	每穗实粒数 FGP	176.7±25.95	38.9-251.4	14.69	151.7±24.46	81.0-231.8	16.12	150.4±23.95	67.5-224.4	15.92
	每穗总粒数 SNP	200.4±23.98	135.0-278.4	11.97	168.3±25.66	87.5-259.3	15.25	179.8±24.96	116.3-267.0	13.88
	结实率 SF (%)	88.0±0.07	57.0-96.5	7.45	90.2±0.05	62.9-97.9	5.51	83.6±0.07	52.2-95.8	8.54
	单株产量 GYP (g)	21.58±3.72	9.92-34.74	17.23	17.69±3.00	9.30-28.87	16.98	19.92±4.15	9.06-35.80	20.85
低氮 LN	单株有效穗数 PN	3.2±0.44	1.9-5.3	13.88	2.9±0.51	1.8-6.7	17.65	5.2±0.94	2.9-9.3	18.12
	抽穗期 HD (d)	105.3±3.52	95.0-123.0	3.34	83.2±3.99	72.5-96.5	4.80	96.6±4.30	75.0-113.0	4.46
	株高 PH (cm)	89.8±5.15	72.4-118.1	5.73	77.1±5.03	59.7-97.2	6.53	90.4±5.90	76.3-119.0	6.53
	千粒重 TGW (g)	22.9±1.66	14.1-29.6	7.23	20.4±1.61	16.4-26.6	7.91	22.0±1.54	18.5-28.8	7.00
	每穗实粒数 FGP	151.1±22.82	92.2-220.6	15.10	125.3±22.10	60.5-190.3	17.64	130.1±22.40	62.4-211.9	17.21
	每穗总粒数 SNP	168.5±24.50	105.8-249.8	14.54	138.5±23.31	63.5-205.0	16.82	152.9±24.52	88.9-246.6	16.04
	结实率 SF (%)	89.7±0.05	50.0-98.0	5.83	90.4±0.05	71.1-98.10	4.98	85.2±0.07	48.9-95.4	7.77
	单株产量 GYP (g)	10.32±2.01	6.14-17.41	19.44	6.27±1.39	3.33-11.89	22.23	9.45±2.23	4.74-23.18	23.62
耐低氮指数 LNTI	单株有效穗数 PN	0.60±0.11	0.34-1.14	18.55	0.48±0.11	0.23-1.08	23.60	0.77±0.11	0.43-1.22	13.81
	抽穗期 HD	1.01±0.03	0.89-1.14	2.55	0.97±0.03	0.87-1.07	3.56	1.00±0.05	0.77-1.16	5.07
	株高 PH	0.79±0.04	0.67-0.93	4.94	0.90±0.05	0.70-1.09	5.91	0.82±0.04	0.66-0.96	4.72
	千粒重 TGW	0.93±0.05	0.51-1.20	5.83	0.96±0.06	0.76-1.20	5.91	0.95±0.05	0.80-1.12	5.03
	每穗实粒数 FGP	0.87±0.17	0.56-2.75	19.68	0.84±0.19	0.40-1.53	22.10	0.88±0.18	0.42-1.77	20.22
	每穗总粒数 SNP	0.85±0.13	0.58-1.57	15.56	0.84±0.18	0.44-1.54	21.03	0.86±0.15	0.54-1.79	17.48
	结实率 SF	1.02±0.11	0.59-2.96	10.56	1.00±0.06	0.79-1.34	6.23	1.02±0.09	0.73-1.45	8.53
	单株产量 GYP	0.49±0.13	0.24-1.04	25.93	0.36±0.10	0.16-0.87	27.86	0.49±0.15	0.20-1.28	30.53

表4

附图1

图1

表5

基于单株产量耐低氮指数筛选的耐低氮株系"

季节 Season	株系号 Line	供体 Donor	处理 Treatment	抽穗期 HD (d)	株高 PH (cm)	单株有效穗 PN	千粒重 TGW (g)	每穗实粒数 FGP	每穗总粒数 SNP	结实率 SF (%)	单株产量 GYP (g)
2013 早季 2013 Early season	M85	OM723	正常 CK	112.5	117.5	3.7	24.2	151.4	211.0	71.8	11.79
			低氮 LN	116.5	101.9	3.9	24.1	121.1	191.5	63.2	11.60
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.04	0.87	1.07^a	0.99	0.80	0.91	0.88	0.98
	M336	Teqing	正常 CK	102.5	114.8	4.3	21.5	131.3	152.5	86.0	15.25
			低氮 LN	103.0	93.0	3.5	22.0	119.0	131.3	90.6	13.90
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.00	0.81	0.81	1.03	0.91	0.86	1.05	0.91
	M382	Teqing	正常 CK	103.0	116.4	4.8	22.7	164.7	211.2	78.0	14.70
			低氮 LN	103.0	97.1	4.1	21.9	185.7	213.1	87.1	15.32
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.00	0.83	0.84	0.97	1.13	1.01	1.12	1.04
	M563	PSBRc28	正常 CK	101.5	108.9	5.4	24.6	178.1	203.0	0.88	16.32
			低氮 LN	105.5	89.4	3.9	23.7	175.8	207.5	0.85	16.67
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.04	0.82	0.72	0.96	0.99	1.02	1.06	1.02
2014 早季 2014 Early season	M17	OM1723	正常 CK	103.5	133.4	6.1	28.0	147.3	166.5	88.2	21.68
			低氮 LN	103.0	105.6	5.4	25.3	150.6	169.3	88.9	18.75
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.00	0.79	0.88	0.90	1.02	1.02	1.01	0.87
	M79	OM1723	正常 CK	105.0	130.0	6.5	25.6	132.4	152.8	86.5	16.35
			低氮 LN	107.0	97.3	4.6	23.9	141.5	169.9	82.8	15.34
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.02	0.75	0.71	0.93	1.07	1.11	0.96	0.94
	M98	Phalguna	正常 CK	94.0	104.1	5.5	22.3	160.0	186.1	85.7	15.04
			低氮 LN	94.0	86.6	4.5	22.2	137.5	151.8	90.5	13.73
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.00	0.83	0.82	0.99	0.86	0.82	1.06	0.91
	M281	IR64	正常 CK	107.5	120.8	6.3	23.0	133.8	166.1	0.81	13.24
			低氮 LN	102.0	101.6	5.3	22.6	139.5	177.9	0.78	12.83
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.95	0.84	0.84	0.98	1.04	1.07	0.97	0.97
	M414	PSBRc66	正常 CK	90.0	105.1	5.3	21.2	163.6	188.0	87.1	17.49
			低氮 LN	101.0	90.0	4.8	18.8	161.8	194.4	83.5	15.78
			耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.12	0.86	0.90	0.89	0.99	1.03	0.96	0.90

表5

表6

耐低氮株系多点品比试验表现"

试点 Site	品系 Line	处理 Treatment	抽穗期 HD (d)	株高 PH (cm)		有效穗数 PN (×10⁴ hm^-2)		千粒重 TGW (g)	穗实粒数 FGP		结实率 SF (%)		实收产量 Yield harvested (t hm^-2)
大同镇 Datong town	M85	正常 CK	108.4	114.6		16.5		20.9	166.7		77.0		6.35
		低氮 LN	108.0	102.5		15.3		21.7	141.9		82.9		5.73
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.00	0.89		0.93^a		1.04	0.85		1.08		0.90
	M382	正常 CK	102.4	107.7		14.9		23.1	160.4		86.3		6.49
		低氮 LN	107.0	90.1		11.3		22.2	149.4		90.2		5.90
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.04	0.84		0.76		0.96	0.93		1.05		0.91
	M563	正常 CK	108.9	134.7		14.9		23.7	181.9		85.6		6.35
		低氮 LN	108.5	109.3		13.0		23.5	167.9		85.6		6.12
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.00	0.81		0.87		0.99	0.92		1.00		0.96
	M79	正常 CK	100.8	106.2		16.0		22.4	142.2		86.4		6.49
		低氮 LN	93.0	89.7		13.3		22.5	136.9		88.6		6.27
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.92	0.84		0.83		1.00	0.96		1.03		0.97
	M281	正常 CK	84.3	119.0		15.5		22.33	139.8		83.0		6.42
		低氮 LN	67.4	100.6		12.7		21.7	130.7		84.6		4.17
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.79	0.85		0.82		0.97	0.93		1.02		0.65
	黄华占(CK)	正常 CK	82.9	106.8		15.2		21.3	155.9		89.4		7.05
	Huanghuazhan (CK)	低氮 LN	69.1	84.8		10.0		18.7	112.4		82.3		3.28
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.83	0.79		0.66		0.88	0.72		0.92		0.46
大慈岩镇 Daciyan town	M85	正常 CK	107.1	113.9		16.0		21.0	159.8		77.0		5.90
		低氮 LN	107.8	102.0		14.9		22.0	137.3		83.1		4.99
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.01	0.90		0.93		1.05	0.86		1.08		0.85
	M382	正常 CK	102.2	106.5		14.9		21.2	158.3		86.1		6.10
		低氮 LN	107.4	89.4		12.1		22.2	146.1		90.0		5.80
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.05	0.84		0.81		1.05	0.92		1.05		0.95
	M563	正常 CK	107.3	130.8		15.8		23.8	175.2		85.5		425.4
		低氮 LN	106.9	108.0		13.1		23.5	157.0		85.5		416.6
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.00	0.83		0.83		0.99	0.90		1.00		0.98
	M79	正常 CK	99.8	104.0		16.0		22.5	139.3		86.8		416.2
		低氮 LN	92.4	88.4		13.5		22.2	128.5		88.3		405.9
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.93	0.85		0.84		0.99	0.92		1.02		0.98
	M281	正常 CK	83.0	103.4		15.1		21.2	153.3		89.1		462.4
		低氮 LN	67.2	84.0		10.4		18.4	135.1		83.0		332.9
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.81	0.81		0.69		0.87	0.88		0.93		0.72
	黄华占(CK)	正常 CK	83.0	103.4		15.1		21.2	153.3		89.1		462.4
	Huanghuazhan (CK)	低氮 LN	67.2	84.0		10.4		18.4	115.1		83		214.8
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.81	0.81		0.69		0.87	0.75		0.93		0.46
航头镇 Hangtou town	M85	正常 CK	106.7	111.9		16.1		21.0	158.9		76.9		375.2
		低氮 LN	107.3	100.7		15.2		22.0	130.2		82.2		321.2
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.01	0.90		0.94		1.05	0.82		1.07		0.86
	M382	正常 CK	102.3	105.4		14.8		21.2	154.7		85.0		397.3
		低氮 LN	106.3	90.7		12.5		22.5	142.4		90.4		362.6
航头镇 Hangtou Town	M382	耐低氮指数 LNTI	1.04		0.86		0.84	1.06		0.92		1.06		0.91
	M563	正常 CK	106.9		129.4		14.3	23.8		174.7		86.1		432.6
		低氮 LN	105.0		107.3		11.3	23.5		164.1		85.3		423.7
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.98		0.83		0.79	0.99		0.94		0.99		0.98
	M79	正常 CK	100.6		104.0		15.6	22.8		142.1		87.1		423.7
		低氮 LN	93.2		89.8		12.6	21.9		140.1		88.1		413.3
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.93		0.86		0.81	0.96		0.99		1.01		0.98
	M281	正常 CK	83.5		103.1		15.5	21.3		147.7		86.0		440.7
		低氮 LN	67.2		83.4		10.8	18.7		133.1		82.8		264.4
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.80		0.81		0.70	0.88		0.90		0.96		0.60
	黄华占	正常 CK	83.5		103.1		15.5	21.3		147.7		86.0		440.7
	Huanghuazhan (CK)	低氮 LN	67.2		83.4		10.8	18.7		113.1		82.8		207.2
		耐低氮指数 LNTI	0.80		0.81		0.70	0.88		0.77		0.96		0.47

表6

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群体编号 Population ID	供体亲本 Donor parent	籼粳属性 Indica/japonica	来源 Source	导入系数 Number of ILs
HHZ5	OM1723	籼 Indica	越南 Vietnam	97
HHZ8	Phalguna	籼 Indica	印度 India	74
HHZ9	IR50	籼 Indica	菲律宾 Philippines	73
HHZ11	IR64	籼 Indica	菲律宾 Philippines	68
HHZ12	Teqing	籼 Indica	中国 China	84
HHZ15	PSBRc66	籼 Indica	菲律宾 Philippines	54
HHZ17	CDR22	籼 Indica	印度 India	74
HHZ19	PSBRc28	籼 Indica	菲律宾 Philippines	67

变异来源 Source	抽穗期 HD	株高 PH	有效穗数 PN	千粒重 TGW	每穗实粒数 FGP	每穗总粒数 SNP	结实率 SF	单株产量 GYP
基因型 Genotype (G)	4.11^***	12.69^***	1.04	11.93^***	2.85^***	3.46^***	4.69^***	1.53^***
环境 Environment (E)	12,656.68^***	20,694.99^***	146.96^***	4189.74^***	283.02^***	739.79^***	492.34^***	961.01^***
处理 Treatment (T)	17.48^***	19,288.91^***	3129.51^***	1378.64^***	994.48^***	1496.87^***	51.11^***	12,048.01^***
基因型×环境G × E	0.65	1.03	0.56	1.58^***	1.33^***	1.06.	2.43^***	1.03
基因型×处理G × T	0.50	1.39^***	0.39	1.01	1.14^*	1.23^***	1.11	1.18
环境×处理E × T	87.65^***	2311.09^***	261.41^***	66.72^***	4.85^*	0.07	19.31^***	6.69^**
基因型×环境×处理G × E × T	0.38	0.97	0.36	0.89	0.86	0.92	0.86	0.80^**
耐低氮指数Low nitrogen tolerance index
基因型 Genotype (G)	1.27^***	1.29^***	0.52	1.36^***	1.41^***	1.46^***	1.60^***	1.21^**
环境 Environment (E)	252.44^***	1602.53^***	495.90^***	60.41^***	5.03^*	1.12	22.07^***	292.30^***
基因型×环境 G × E	1.00	1.34^***	0.42	1.24^***	1.19^**	1.14^*	1.00	0.96

水稻黄华占背景选择导入系的耐低氮筛选评价与利用

Screening, evaluation, and utilization of low nitrogen tolerance for the selected introgression lines in rice with Huanghuazhan background

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性状 Trait	对照 Control (CK)			低氮 Low nitrogen (LN)			耐低氮指数 Low nitrogen tolerance index (LNTI)
性状 Trait	2013早季 Early season in 2013	2013晚季 Late season in 2013	2014早季 Early season in 2014	2013早季 Early season in 2013	2013晚季 Late season in 2013	2014早季 Early season in 2014	2013早季 Early season in 2013	2013晚季 Late season in 2013	2014早季 Early season in 2014
单株有效穗数 PN	11.5	12.3	10.7	4.8	5.6	4.6	0.42	0.46	0.43
抽穗期 HD (d)	75.3	73.1	76.5	60.1	60.1	60.1	0.80	0.82	0.79
株高 PH (cm)	95.0	92.1	94.2	75.2	75.2	75.2	0.79	0.82	0.80
千粒重 TWG (g)	23.6	22.8	23.5	19.0	21.0	19.8	0.81	0.92	0.84
每穗实粒数 FGP	164.2	153.2	170.3	106.9	103.7	107.5	0.65	0.68	0.63
每穗总粒数 SNP	187.6	167.5	189.8	134.3	122.5	137.1	0.72	0.73	0.72
结实率 SF (%)	87.5	85.1	88.1	79.6	83.8	80.1	0.91	0.98	0.91
单株产量 GYP (g)	26.3	22.7	26.9	12.7	10.5	13.7	0.48	0.46	0.51

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