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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2787-2800.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.41013

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

二氢赤霉素对不同增密条件下蜀麦133冠层光能截获和产量的影响

刘雨杭1,2(), 赵书宏1,2, 祝婷婷3,4, 梁振宇3,4, 贺大海3,4, 陈佳博3,4, 任勇5, 黄林1,2, 樊高琼1,3,4,*(), 伍碧华1,2,*()   

  1. 1西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室, 四川成都 611130
    2四川农业大学小麦研究所, 四川成都 611130
    3四川农业大学农学院 / 农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川成都 611130
    4作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 611130
    5绵阳市农业科学研究院 / 厅市共建作物特色资源创制及应用四川省重点实验室, 四川绵阳 621023
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-29 接受日期:2024-06-20 出版日期:2024-11-12 网络出版日期:2024-07-10
  • 通讯作者: *伍碧华, E-mail: wubihua2017@126.com; 樊高琼, E-mail: fangao20056@126.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yuhangliu8592@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0014)

Effects of 16,17-dihydro gibberellin A5 on canopy radiation interception and yield of Shumai 133 under different planting density

LIU Yu-Hang1,2(), ZHAO Shu-Hong1,2, ZHU Ting-Ting3,4, LIANG Zhen-Yu3,4, HE Da-Hai3,4, CHEN Jia-Bo3,4, REN Yong5, HUANG Lin1,2, FAN Gao-Qiong1,3,4,*(), WU Bi-Hua1,2,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Crop Genetic Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    3College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    4Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    5Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621023, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2024-02-29 Accepted:2024-06-20 Published:2024-11-12 Published online:2024-07-10
  • Contact: *E-mail: wubihua2017@126.com; E-mail: fangao20056@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Major Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province(2022ZDZX0014)

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摘要：

为探究新型赤霉素抑制剂“二氢赤霉素”对不同增密条件下小麦冠层光能截获和产量的影响, 于2021—2023两个生长年度选用国审小麦品种蜀麦133在成都大邑县开展二因素裂区大田试验, 主区密度分别为250万株 hm-2 (常规密度, B1)、300万株hm-2 (增密20%, B2)、350万株 hm-2 (增密40%, B3)和400万株 hm-2 (增密60%, B4), 副区分别为喷施清水(CK0)、200 mg L-1多效唑-甲哌鎓混合剂(CK1)、100 mg L-1二氢赤霉素(C2)和200 mg L-1二氢赤霉素(C3)。结果表明,增密导致小麦冠层光环境变差, 从B1增密到B4, 小麦叶面积指数(LAI)和上部光能截获率(IPAR)分别增加16.7%~61.0%和10.3%~17.9%; 旗叶面积、叶夹角、叶绿素含量、下部IPAR和净光合速率分别降低8.5%~16.8%、3.5%~11.2%、1.6%~6.1%、4.2%~12.0%和2.2%~7.3%。喷施二氢赤霉素显著改善小麦冠层结构, C3显著降低各密度下的旗叶叶面积、叶夹角和上部IPAR, 分别达18.5%、17.0%和19.1%; 显著提升叶绿素含量、LAI、下部IPAR、光能转换率和光能利用率, 分别达18.7%、21.5%、62.2%、23.1%和26.6%。二氢赤霉素显著增加籽粒占比和花后干物质积累量, C3显著提升分别达36.4%和13.3%。增密显著增加有效穗数达23.7%, 降低穗粒数和千粒重。喷施二氢赤霉素进一步提升增产潜力, C3显著增加有效穗数、穗粒数、收获指数和产量分别达4.4%、12.4%、10.3%和8.5%。因此, 二氢赤霉素对增密后的小麦冠层光环境具有显著改善作用, 有效提高小麦光能截获率与光能利用率, 增加花后干物质积累, 显著提高籽粒产量。在本试验条件下, 增密到300万株 hm-2配施200 mg L-1二氢赤霉素产量最高。

关键词: 小麦, 二氢赤霉素, 种植密度, 冠层结构, 光能截获率, 产量

Abstract:

The cultivar “Shumai 133” was used to investigate the effects of a new gibberellin inhibitor, 16,17-dihydro gibberellin A5(2HGA5), on canopy radiation capture and wheat yield under different planting densities in Dayi, Chengdu, from 2021 to 2023. A split-plot experiment was designed with two factors: four planting densities (2.5×106 plants hm-2 (B1), 3×106 plants hm-2 (B2), 3.5×106 plants hm-2 (B3) and 4×106 plants hm-2 (B4) and chemical regulator treatments (water control (CK0), 200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture (CK1), 100 mg L-1 2HGA5(C2), and 200 mg L-1 2HGA5(C3)). The results showed that increasing planting density deteriorated the light environment of the wheat canopy. From B1 to B4, leaf area index (LAI) and the upper interception of photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) of flag leaves increased by 16.7%-61.0% and 10.3%-17.9%, respectively. Conversely, the leaf area, leaf angle, chlorophyll content, lower IPAR, and net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of flag leaves decreased by 8.5%-16.8%, 3.5%-11.2%, 1.6%-6.1%, 4.2%-12.0%, and 2.2%-7.3%, respectively. 2HGA5 significantly improved wheat canopy structure. Under C3 treatment, compared with CK0, flag leaf area, leaf angle, and upper IPAR were significantly reduced by 18.5%, 17.0%, and 19.1%, respectively, while chlorophyll content, LAI, lower IPAR, PAR conversion efficiency (PCE), and PAR use efficiency (PUE) increased significantly by 18.7%, 21.6%, 62.2%, 23.1%, and 26.6%, respectively. 2HGA5 also significantly increased the proportion of dry matter in grains and the accumulation of dry matter post-flowering. Under C3 treatment, these traits increased by 36.4% and 13.3%, respectively, compared to CK0. Effective spikes increased significantly by 23.7% from B1 to B4, although kernels per spike and 1000-grain weight decreased. Grain yield further increased after 2HGA5 was applied. Compared to CK0, effective spikes, kernels per spike, harvest index, and grain yield under C3 treatment increased by 4.4%, 12.4%, 10.3%, and 8.5%, respectively. In conclusion, 2HGA5 significantly improved the light environment of the wheat canopy under high planting density, enhancing traits such as IPAR, PUE, and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, which resulted in increased grain yield. The highest yield was achieved with the treatment of 3×106 plants hm-2 combined with 200 mg L-1 2HGA5.

Key words: wheat, 16,17-dihydro gibberellin A5, planting density, canopy structure, canopy radiation interception, yield

表1

试验地0~20 cm土壤的基础理化特征"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(g kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Available N
(g kg-1)		 pH
2021-2022 24.05 2.01 1.67 16.39 15.70 5.95
2022-2023 23.23 3.24 1.75 16.73 16.36 6.02

图1

2021-2023小麦生长季日平均气温与降雨量分布"

图2

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦冠层相关性状的影响 B1、B2、B3、B4分别是种植密度250万株 hm-2、300万株 hm-2、350万株 hm-2、400万株 hm-2。CK0是清水空白对照, CK1是200 mg L-1多效唑-甲哌鎓混合剂, C2是100 mg L-1二氢赤霉素, C3是200 mg L-1二氢赤霉素。不同小写字母表示在同一密度下不同喷药处理在0.05概率水平差异显著。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著, ns表示无显著差异。"

图3

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦叶绿素含量的影响 JT: 拔节期; BT: 孕穗期; AT: 开花期; GF30: 灌浆30 d。B1、B2、B3、B4分别是种植密度250万株 hm-2、300万株 hm-2、350万株 hm-2、400万株 hm-2, CK0是清水空白对照, CK1是200 mg L-1多效唑-甲哌鎓混合剂, C2是100 mg L-1二氢赤霉素, C3是200 mg L-1二氢赤霉素。不同小写字母表示在同一密度下不同喷药处理在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图4

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦叶面积指数的影响 JT: 拔节期; BT: 孕穗期; AT: 开花期; GF30: 灌浆30 d。B1、B2、B3、B4分别是种植密度250万株 hm-2、300万株 hm-2、350万株 hm-2、400万株 hm-2, CK0是清水空白对照, CK1是200 mg L-1多效唑-甲哌鎓混合剂, C2是100 mg L-1二氢赤霉素, C3是200 mg L-1二氢赤霉素。不同小写字母表示在同一密度下不同喷药处理在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图5

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦光能截获率的影响 B1、B2、B3、B4分别是种植密度250万株 hm-2、300万株 hm-2、350万株 hm-2、400万株 hm-2, CK0是清水空白对照, CK1是200 mg L-1多效唑-甲哌鎓混合剂, C2是100 mg L-1二氢赤霉素, C3是200 mg L-1二氢赤霉素。不同小写字母表示在同一密度下不同喷药处理在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表2

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦光能转化率和光能利用率的影响"

密度
Density		 化控剂
Chemical regulator		 孕穗-开花BT-AT 开花-灌浆30 d AT-GF30 灌浆30 d-成熟 GF30-MT
PCE PUE PCE PUE PCE PUE
B1 CK0 2.5±2.3 d 2.3±0.2 c 2.4±0.2 d 2.0±0.2 d 1.6±0.6 b 1.2±0.4 c
CK1 3.5±0.8 a 3.2±0.8 a 3.3±0.1 a 2.8±1.0 a 1.8±1.0 a 1.4±0.9 a
C2 2.9±1.8 c 2.7±0.2 b 2.8±0.7 c 2.4±0.6 c 1.6±0.3 b 1.3±0.1 b
C3 3.2±1.8 b 3.1±0.2 a 3.1±1.0 b 2.6±0.3 b 1.7±0.6 a 1.4±0.4 a
B2 CK0 2.6±0.7 b 2.5±0.6 b 2.6±0.7 b 2.2±0.6 b 1.7±0.8 c 1.3±0.7 c
CK1 3.6±2.1 a 3.4±0.2 a 3.0±0.8 a 2.7±0.7 a 2.0±0.5 a 1.6±0.3 ab
C2 2.7±0.3 b 2.6±0 b 2.5±0.9 b 2.3±1.0 b 1.9±0.6 b 1.6±0.5 b
C3 3.4±1.3 a 3.3±0.1 a 2.8±0.5 a 2.7±0.3 a 2.0±0.5 ab 1.7±0.4 a
B3 CK0 3.1±0.3 b 2.9±0.6 b 2.6±0.9 c 2.3±0.4 c 1.7±0.4 c 1.5±0.3 c
CK1 3.1±1.5 b 3.0±0.1 b 2.6±0.6 bc 2.4±0.3 bc 1.7±0.4 c 1.5±0.4 c
C2 3.0±0.7 b 2.9±0.7 b 2.8±1.0 ab 2.6±1.2 ab 1.9±0.1 b 1.7±0.1 b
C3 3.6±0.8 a 3.5±0.9 a 2.9±0.8 a 2.7±0.8 a 2.1±0.5 a 2.0±0.5 a
B4 CK0 3.2±0.7 b 3.1±0.5 b 2.4±0.8 b 2.3±0.6 b 1.6±0.6 c 1.5±0.4 d
CK1 3.1±1.3 b 3.0±0.1 b 2.5±0.1 b 2.3±0.9 b 1.7±0.5 bc 1.6±0.4 c
C2 3.2±2.8 b 3.1±0.3 b 2.7±0.2 a 2.6±0.1 a 1.8±0.6 b 1.7±0.6 b
C3 3.7±0.7 a 3.6±0.6 a 2.8±0.2 a 2.7±0.3 a 2.0±0.3 a 1.9±0.3 a
F 值 B 5.1* 11.4** 25.0** 0.7ns 23.9** 73.6**
F-value C 38.2** 44.7** 21.6** 41.3** 36.8** 78.3**
B×C 7.1** 6.9** 6.4** 8.2** 7.1** 7.9**

图6

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦净光合速率的影响 B1、B2、B3、B4分别是种植密度250万株 hm-2、300万株 hm-2、350万株 hm-2、400万株 hm-2, CK0是清水空白对照, CK1是200 mg L-1多效唑-甲哌鎓混合剂, C2是100 mg L-1二氢赤霉素, C3是200 mg L-1二氢赤霉素。不同小写字母表示在同一密度下不同喷药处理在0.05水平上的显著性差异。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著, ns表示无显著差异。"

图7

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦干物质分配的影响 B1、B2、B3、B4分别是种植密度250万株 hm-2、300万株 hm-2、350万株 hm-2、400万株 hm-2, CK0是清水空白对照, CK1是200 mg L-1多效唑-甲哌鎓混合剂, C2是100 mg L-1二氢赤霉素, C3是200 mg L-1二氢赤霉素。不同小写字母表示在同一密度下不同喷药处理在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表3

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦干物质积累与转运的影响"

密度Density 化控剂
Chemical regulator		 2021-2022 2022-2023
花前干物质转运量DBFT(kg hm-2) 对籽粒的贡献率CRDBA(%) 花后干物质积累量DAPA(kg hm-2) 对籽粒的贡献率CRDPA(%) 花前干物质转运量DBFT(kg hm-2) 对籽粒的贡献率CRDBA(%) 花后干物质积累量
DAPA(kg hm-2)		 对籽粒的贡献率CRDPA(%)
B1 CK0 2768±99 a 35.9±0.7 a 4932±56 c 64.1±0.7 b 2906±59 a 38.6±0.9 a 4618±82 b 61.4±0.9 b
CK1 2838±57 a 34.7±0.3 a 5342±64 a 65.3±0.3 b 2731±275 a 34.7±3.3 b 5126±237 a 65.3±3.3 a
C2 2829±58 a 35.7±0.3 a 5101±73 b 64.3±0.3 b 2974±252 a 37.6±2.2 ab 4928±182 a 62.4±2.2 ab
C3 2728±122 a 32.9±1.5 b 5362±170 a 67.1±1.5 a 2973±360 a 36.6±4.3 ab 5138±348 a 63.4±4.3 ab
B2 CK0 3487±234 a 40.4±1.9 a 5128±82 c 59.6±1.9 b 3014±124 a 37.3±1.2 a 5065±54 b 62.7±1.2 a
CK1 3330±157 a 37.4±1.3 b 5575±42 b 62.6±1.3 a 2901±266 a 34.3±2.8 a 5550±164 a 65.7±2.8 a
C2 3367±49 a 37.8±0.2 b 5553±68 b 62.3±0.2 a 3125±116 a 36.6±1.3 a 5424±100 a 63.4±1.3 a
C3 3342±298 a 36.5±2.2 b 5808±43 a 63.5±2.2 a 3061±161 a 35.2±1.8 a 5633±155 a 64.8±1.8 a
B3 CK0 2822±18 a 34.8±0.1 a 5285±49 d 65.2±0.1 c 2743±144 a 34.2±1.6 a 5273±124 c 65.8±1.6 b
CK1 2857±139 a 34.2±1.4 a 5497±62 c 65.8±1.4 c 2749±379 a 32.9±3.9 ab 5583±234 bc 67.1±3.9 ab
C2 2727±169 ab 32.0±1.8 b 5793±127 b 68.0±1.8 b 2677±114 a 31.5±1.2 ab 5832±87 ab 68.5±1.2 ab
C3 2488±46 b 29.4±0.6 c 5967±67 a 70.6±0.6 a 2371±180 a 28.1±2.2 b 6062±193 a 71.9±2.2 a
B4 CK0 2365±88 a 31.7±0.7 ab 5097±16 c 68.3±0.7 c 2713±88 a 35.1±0.9 a 5009±50 c 64.9±0.9 b
CK1 2498±91 a 33.0±0.7 a 5068±40 c 67.0±0.7 bc 2741±130 a 34.4±1.4 ab 5230±77 bc 65.6±1.4 ab
C2 2375±139 a 29.8±1.0 b 5601±90 b 70.3±1.0 b 2494±370 a 31.3±4.9 ab 5485±479 ab 68.7±4.9 ab
C3 2288±29 a 27.5±0.1 c 6041±114 a 72.5±0.1 a 2349±111 a 28.8±1.4 b 5794±126 a 71.2±1.4 a
F值 B 50.3** 38.0** 51.0** 38.0** 11.7** 18.6** 42.9** 18.6**
F-value C 1.6ns 21.8** 94.8** 21.8** 0.7ns 3.1* 12.6** 3.1*
B×C 0.75ns 2.5* 10.1** 2.5* 0.9ns 0.8ns 1.7ns 0.9ns

表4

二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下两年平均产量及其构成因素的影响"

密度
Density		 化控剂
Chemical
regulator		 有效穗数
Effective spike number (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike (g)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 收获指数
Harvest index		 产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
B1 CK0 336±5 h 46.4±0.3 bcde 49.5±0.5 a 0.38±0.01 fg 7612±70 i
CK1 351±5 g 48.5±0.5 ab 49.1±0.4 abc 0.40±0 bcde 8019±78 g
C2 349±7 g 48.5±0.8 ab 49.3±0.5 a 0.41±0.01 bc 7916±215 gh
C3 350±3 g 47.7±0.6 abc 47.8±0.5 cdef 0.42±0 ab 8050±57 fg
B2 CK0 373±5 f 46.3±0.6 cde 49.2±1.1 ab 0.38±0 fg 8347±116 de
CK1 397±1 e 47.8±0.7 abc 47.9±0.2 bcde 0.41±0.01 bcd 8678±106 bc
C2 399±3 de 47.0±0.5 bcd 47.0±0.1 ef 0.41±0.01 abc 8735±67 ab
C3 392±6 e 49.4±0.6 a 46.9±0.4 efg 0.43±0.02 a 8922±143 a
B3 CK0 410±6 cd 44.8±1.4 efg 48.6±0.3 abcd 0.37±0.01 g 8061±56 fg
CK1 430±5 a 46.6±1.0 bcde 47.4±1.0 def 0.39±0 defg 8343±74 de
C2 427±3 ab 45.2±1.0 def 47.8±0.1 cdef 0.39±0 cdefg 8514±36 cd
C3 431±1 a 47.4±0.7 abc 46.5±0.7 fg 0.43±0 a 8444±17 de
B4 CK0 417±4 bc 41.1±1.3 h 47.4±0.2 def 0.38±0 efg 7592±20 i
CK1 417±7 bc 43.0±0.8 g 46.6±1.2 efg 0.40±0 cdef 7769±66 hi
C2 415±8 bc 43.9±1.1 fg 47.1±0 ef 0.40±0 bcdef 7977±157 gh
C3 435±10 a 46.2±1.5 cde 45.7±0.4 g 0.42±0 ab 8236±72 ef
F值 B 232.9** 23.3** 19.7** 2.5ns 117.5**
F-value C 21.7** 23.4** 14.6** 33.7** 39.0**
B×C 3.2* 3.2* 0.9ns 1.2ns 1.8ns

图8

光合性状与干物质积累量和产量的相关性分析 Chl: 叶绿素含量; LAI: 叶面积指数; IPAR: 光能截获率; PCE: 光能转换率; PUE: 光能利用率; Pn: 净光合速率; DAPA: 花后干物质积累量; *、**和***分别代表P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001的显著性差异。"

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