基于氮肥运筹下水稻产量与品质协同的农艺生理指标解析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42024

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 485-502.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42024

基于氮肥运筹下水稻产量与品质协同的农艺生理指标解析

覃金华¹^,²(), 洪卫源²(), 冯向前¹^,², 李子秋², 周子榆², 王爱冬², 李瑞杰¹^,², 王丹英², 张运波¹^,^*(), 陈松²^,^*()

¹长江大学农学院, 湖北荆州 434025
²中国水稻研究所 / 水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 311400

收稿日期:2024-05-10 接受日期:2024-10-25 出版日期:2025-02-12 网络出版日期:2024-11-19
通讯作者: *张运波, E-mail: yunbo1022@126.com;陈松, E-mail: chensong02@caas.cn
作者简介:覃金华, E-mail: 2022710803@yangtzeu.edu.cn;
洪卫源, E-mail: 1193952013@qq.com第一联系人：^**同等贡献
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300700);中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202001);基于高通量表型检测平台的水稻个体表型鉴定技术研究(2023ZZKT20402);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01)

Analysis of agronomic and physiological indicators of rice yield and grain quality under nitrogen fertilization management

QIN Jin-Hua¹^,²(), HONG Wei-Yuan²(), FENG Xiang-Qian¹^,², LI Zi-Qiu², ZHOU Zi-Yu², WANG Ai-Dong², LI Rui-Jie¹^,², WANG Dan-Ying², ZHANG Yun-Bo¹^,^*(), CHEN Song²^,^*()

¹College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
²China National Rice Research Institute / National Key Laboratory of Rice Biotechnology and Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-05-10 Accepted:2024-10-25 Published:2025-02-12 Published online:2024-11-19
Contact: *E-mail: yunbo1022@126.com; E-mail: chensong02@caas.cn
About author:First author contact:^**Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD2300700);Major Research Tasks of the China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Science and Technology Innovation Project(CAAS-ZDRW202001);Research on Rice Individual Phenotype Identification Technology Based on High-Throughput Phenotype Detection Platform(2023ZZKT20402);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提升水稻产量与品质的协同效应是当前水稻生产面临的重大挑战。深入剖析并清晰界定影响产量与品质协同提升的关键水稻群体特征, 对于指导水稻品种的改良和栽培技术的优化具有至关重要的意义。本研究以秀水134 (XS134)和黄华占(HHZ)为材料, 分别设置常规固定施氮模式(N0、N1、N2、N3)和基于SPAD阈值的动态施氮模式(RTNM、S34、S37、S40)。通过在水稻关键生育期采集静态与动态农艺生理指标, 以及产量和稻米品质数据, 采用不同多目标回归预测模型, 以深入解析水稻关键农艺生理指标对产量和稻米品质的响应。结果表明: (1) 总体上水稻产量与稻米综合指标(GQI)呈互斥关系。随着施氮量的增加, 产量逐渐提高, 而GQI则呈降低趋势, 尤其在固定施氮模式下, 这种负相关性更为明显。然而, 与固定施氮模式(N2)相比, 动态施氮(RTNM)在施氮量减少了32.01%~58.02%的同时, 能够稳定水稻产量并提升了GQI 3.10%~38.34% (除2022年XS134外), 这凸显了动态施氮模式在缓解水稻产量与品质互斥性, 并推动两者协同提升方面的潜力。(2) 相关性分析表明, 50个静态农艺指标中, 有28个指标与水稻产量和GQI均呈显著相关性, 占比56.00%。3种“量质”回归模型对水稻产量(R²: 0.74~0.83; RMSE: 0.40~0.49)和GQI (R²: 0.81~0.90; RMSE: 0.63~0.88)的预测能力表现出不同程度的准确性。特征重要性解析表明分蘖期的群体生物量是对产量和品质的预测均为正效应(0.09~6.37), 而株高、叶面积指数和叶重等在预测产量和品质时出现互斥, 这表明在构建水稻产量与品质协同提升的分蘖期群体时, 需要在确保群体生物量的基础上, 对“量质互斥指标”开展适宜度评估与优化。同时, 穗发育期的群体净同化率(NAR)对水稻产量和GQI均呈现出不同程度的正效应值(0.06~1.00), 暗示了穗发育阶段水稻的单位叶片光合效率可能是实现二者协同提升的重要群体特征。综上, 相较于常规固定施氮模式, 基于SPAD阈值的动态施氮策略可在一定程度上实现水稻产量与品质的协同提升; 分蘖期干物重和穗发育期NAR可以作为实现这一协同效应的重要参考指标。

关键词: 氮肥, 农艺生理指标, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Achieving a synergistic improvement in both rice yield and quality remains a major challenge in rice production. A thorough analysis and clear identification of key population traits that influence the coordinated enhancement of yield and quality are crucial for guiding rice variety improvement and optimizing cultivation techniques. In this study, two rice varieties, Xiushui 134 (XS134) and Huanghuazhan (HHZ), were used to evaluate different nitrogen management strategies, including conventional fixed nitrogen applications (N0, N1, N2, N3) and dynamic nitrogen applications based on SPAD thresholds (RTNM, S34, S37, S40). Key agronomic and physiological indicators were collected at critical growth stages, along with yield and grain quality data. Multi-objective regression models were employed to analyze how key agronomic and physiological traits influence rice yield and grain quality. The results showed as follows: (1) A trade-off generally exists between rice yield and grain quality index (GQI); as nitrogen application increased, yield improved, but GQI tended to decrease, especially under fixed nitrogen application. However, compared to N2, the RTNM treatment reduced nitrogen application by 32.01% to 58.02%, while maintaining stable yields and improving GQI by 3.10% to 38.34% (with the exception of XS134 in 2022). This suggests that dynamic nitrogen management can alleviate the yield-quality trade-off, promoting yield-quality synergy. (2) Correlation analysis indicated that 28 out of 50 static agronomic traits were significantly correlated with both yield and GQI (56.00%). The three “yield-quality” regression models demonstrated varying degrees of predictive accuracy for rice yield (R²: 0.74-0.83; RMSE: 0.40-0.49) and GQI (R²: 0.81-0.90; RMSE: 0.63-0.88). Feature importance analysis highlighted that population biomass during the tillering stage positively influenced both yield and quality (0.09-6.37). Conversely, plant height, leaf area index, and leaf weight exhibited trade-offs in predicting yield and quality, suggesting that careful evaluation and optimization of these “mutually exclusive” indicators are necessary, particularly when ensuring sufficient population biomass. Furthermore, the population net assimilation rate (NAR) during ear development showed a positive impact on both yield and GQI (0.06-1.00), indicating that the photosynthetic efficiency per unit leaf during this stage may be a key trait for achieving coordinated improvements in yield and quality. In summary, compared to conventional fixed nitrogen application, a dynamic nitrogen management strategy based on SPAD thresholds can achieve a certain level of synergy between rice yield and quality. Population biomass during the tillering stage and NAR during the ear development stage may serve as important reference indicators for achieving this synergy.

Key words: nitrogen fertilization, agronomic traits, rice yield, grain quality

覃金华, 洪卫源, 冯向前, 李子秋, 周子榆, 王爱冬, 李瑞杰, 王丹英, 张运波, 陈松. 基于氮肥运筹下水稻产量与品质协同的农艺生理指标解析[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(2): 485-502.

QIN Jin-Hua, HONG Wei-Yuan, FENG Xiang-Qian, LI Zi-Qiu, ZHOU Zi-Yu, WANG Ai-Dong, LI Rui-Jie, WANG Dan-Ying, ZHANG Yun-Bo, CHEN Song. Analysis of agronomic and physiological indicators of rice yield and grain quality under nitrogen fertilization management[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(2): 485-502.

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处理 Treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer	分蘖肥(移栽-幼穗分化) Tillering fertilizer (transplanting to booting stage)	穗肥(幼穗分化-灌浆) Panicle fertilizer (booting stage to grain filling)
N0	0	0	0
N1	27	20.25	20.25
N2	54	40.50	40.50
N3	81	60.75	60.75
S34	50	45.00 (SPAD ≤ 34)	30.00 (SPAD ≤ 34)
S37	50	40.00 (SPAD ≤ 37)	25.00 (SPAD ≤ 37)
S40	50	30.00 (SPAD ≤ 40)	20.00 (SPAD ≤ 40)
RTNM	50	30.00 (SPAD ≤ 34)	20.00 (SPAD ≤ 34)
		20.00 (34 ≤ SPAD <37)	15.00 (34 ≤ SPAD < 37)
		10.00 (37 ≤ SPAD ≤ 40)	10.00 (37 ≤ SPAD < 40)

年份 Year	品种 Variety	移栽期 Transplanting period	分蘖期 Tillering stage	幼穗分化期 Panicle initiation stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	灌浆中期 Mid-grain filling stage	成熟期 Maturation stage
2021	黄华占HHZ	06/14	07/05	07/21	08/19	08/26	09/23
	秀水134 XS134	06/14	07/05	08/19	09/02	09/17	10/18
2022	黄华占HHZ	06/14	07/13	07/28	08/19	09/02	09/20
	秀水134 XS134	06/27	08/03	08/19	09/13	09/28	11/07

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	加工品质Milling quality			外观品质 Appearance quality		食味品质Tasted quality
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	糙米率Bown rice rate (%)	精米率Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率Head rice rate (%)	垩白粒率Chalky rice rate (%)	垩白度Chalkiness degree (%)	食味值 Taste value	直链淀粉含量Amylose content (%)
黄华占HHZ	N0	74.98 c	63.18 a	21.53 ab	21.10 a	5.97 a	79.50 a	16.40 a
	N1	76.26 ab	64.99 a	26.35 ab	16.18 b	4.81 b	79.00 a	16.17 ab
	N2	76.44 ab	64.30 a	24.86 ab	17.43 ab	5.13 ab	77.50 a	15.70 ab
	N3	76.79 a	64.25 a	19.37 ab	19.29 ab	4.94 ab	73.50 a	15.47 ab
	RTNM	76.18 ab	63.88 a	23.36 ab	19.66 ab	5.30 ab	77.67 a	15.98 ab
	S34	75.72 abc	62.81 a	15.47 b	16.81 ab	4.76 b	78.50 a	16.10 ab
	S37	75.54 bc	64.91 a	19.88 ab	17.78 ab	4.76 b	78.00 a	15.93 ab
	S40	76.82 a	66.39 a	30.31 ab	20.47 ab	5.00 ab	74.50 a	14.97 b
秀水134 XS134	N0	80.67 b	70.28 a	63.25 ab	27.19 ab	7.98 ab	84.00 abc	16.10 a
	N1	81.18 ab	70.85 a	64.56 ab	26.44 ab	7.85 ab	83.67 abc	16.00 a
	N2	81.72 ab	69.30 a	59.89 ab	25.74 ab	7.32 ab	82.33 bc	15.87 a
	N3	81.94 a	71.70 a	65.46 a	24.26 b	8.74 ab	81.33 c	15.63 a
	RTNM	81.38 ab	69.90 a	62.53 ab	28.08 ab	8.51 ab	83.33 abc	15.88 a
	S34	81.09 ab	69.70 a	62.81 ab	23.99 b	6.21 b	85.67 a	15.77 a
	S37	80.55 b	67.61 a	57.81 b	26.00 ab	8.92 ab	85.00 ab	15.87 a
	S40	80.59 b	69.36 a	62.23 ab	31.63 a	10.08 a	82.33 bc	15.63 a

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	加工品质Milling quality			外观品质Appearance quality		食味品质Tasted quality
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	糙米率Brown rice rate (%)	精米率Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率Head rice rate (%)	垩白粒率Chalky rice rate (%)	垩白度Chalkiness degree (%)	食味值 Taste value	直链淀粉含量Amylose content (%)
黄华占HHZ	N0	69.58 a	62.75 a	42.01 a	21.06 a	5.47 a	83.00 ab	15.93 ab
	N1	68.86 a	62.28 a	41.01 a	18.75 abc	4.92 ab	81.50 abc	15.47 ab
	N2	70.29 a	63.42 a	44.89 a	16.19 c	4.09 b	76.50 c	14.80 ab
	N3	70.85 a	63.53 a	42.49 a	18.11 abc	4.93 ab	77.00 bc	15.30 ab
	RTNM	68.81 a	62.18 a	44.12 a	19.84 ab	5.49 a	82.00 abc	15.33 ab
	S34	68.38 a	61.21 a	43.03 a	17.47 bc	4.54 ab	85.50 a	16.30 a
	S37	71.51 a	64.62 a	46.10 a	15.68 c	3.92 b	77.50 bc	14.73 ab
	S40	67.82 a	61.61 a	41.18 a	19.70 ab	5.36 a	77.50 bc	14.37 b
秀水134 XS134 秀水134 XS134	N0	76.66 a	65.47 a	60.73 ab	20.64 ab	5.68 ab	83.00 a	18.30 a
	N1	77.82 a	65.63 a	60.39 ab	20.39 ab	5.15 b	82.67 a	17.90 a
	N2	76.66 a	64.22 a	58.52 b	22.77 b	5.95 ab	81.00 a	17.70 a
	N3	76.43 a	63.91 a	58.93 ab	20.35 ab	6.72 a	81.33 a	17.77 a
	RTNM	76.26 a	64.51 a	59.94 ab	18.88 b	5.38 b	82.33 a	17.87 a
	S34	76.54 a	65.65 a	61.51 a	18.73 b	5.14 b	81.67 a	18.00 a
	S37	76.76 a	65.42 a	61.61 a	19.06 b	5.75 ab	82.00 a	18.20 a
	S40	75.38 a	63.35 a	59.42 ab	19.10 b	5.81 ab	81.67 a	17.67 a

指标 Indicator	量质协同	量质互斥	增产不降质	提质不减产
指标 Indicator	Yield and rice quality synergy	Yield and rice quality antagonism	Prioritizing yield over rice quality	Emphasizing rice quality over yield
静态指标 Static indicator	TW-MT, TNC-PI, PNC-FL	LAI-MT, PH-MT, SW-MT, PNA-FL, TILL-FL, TNA-FL	LNC-MT, TILL-PI, TNC-FL, LW-MGL	LNA-MT, SLA-MT, LNA-PI, LNA-MGL
动态指标 Dynamic indicator	NAR-FL	LAD-MT, LAD-PI, CGR-FL, LBR, PBR, SBR	CGRN-MS, NAR-MT, CGR-PI, LAD-FL	CGR-MT, CGRN-FL, CGRN-MS, CGR-MS, LNR, PNR

基于氮肥运筹下水稻产量与品质协同的农艺生理指标解析

Analysis of agronomic and physiological indicators of rice yield and grain quality under nitrogen fertilization management

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项目 Item	产量 Yield	稻米综合指标 Grain quality index	食味值 Taste value	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content	糙米率 Brown rice rate	精米率 Milled rice rate	整精米率 Head rice rate	垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate	垩白度 Chalkiness degree
年份Year (Y)	**	**	ns	**	**	**	**	**	**
品种Varity (V)	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
氮肥Nitrogen (N)	**	*	**	**	ns	ns	ns	**	*
Y×V	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns
V×N	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Y×V×N	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

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