我国玉米自交系叶片保绿性及其与产量的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01662

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用我国75个常用不同基因型玉米自交系，对其叶片保绿性参数进行了定点动态测定。结果表明，不同自交系抽丝后叶片保绿度的变化均符合方程y = ae^b^-cx/ (1+e^b^-cx)，成熟期的绿叶数、成熟期叶绿素含量和相对绿叶面积平均衰减速率(V_m)可作为区分玉米保绿型与非保绿型的关键指标。按照Hiechical聚类分析方法，筛选出12个保绿型自交系，其成熟期相对绿叶面积在60%以上，其V_m平均值为0.687% d^-1，在生长季内相对绿叶面积无大幅度衰减，成熟期绿叶数多，叶绿素含量较高；其余63个为非保绿型自交系，还可分为植株叶片衰老较快型与植株叶片衰老较慢型两个亚类。不同自交系抽丝后叶片保绿性与叶面积持续期、单株产量均呈正相关。保绿型的叶面积持续期和单株产量比非保绿型分别高20.02%~23.87%和50.44%~59.38%；与非保绿型自交系相比，保绿型在籽粒灌浆期绿叶面积大，叶绿素含量高，群体光合速率高，光合作用时间长，因而生物产量较高。

关键词: 玉米, 自交系, 保绿性, 产量

Abstract:

Leaf stay-green trait is one of the major targets in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding. Although sugar concentration in culm, green leaf number, leaf area, and chlorophyll content at maturity have been used to evaluate the stay-green trait of maize in earlier studies, there is no a common criterion. To further study the evaluation system for stay-green in maize and disclose the relationship of stay-green with grain yield, we sampled 75 inbred lines from common parents of Chinese maize cultivars. At silking stage and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 d after silking, the leaf area (LA), leaf area duration (LAD), relative leaf area, and relative green-leaf area (RGLA) were measured. The results showed that the changes of RGLA after silking accorded with the equation of y = ae^b^-cx/ (1+e^b^-cx). On the basis of correlation analysis, the green leaf number, chlorophyll content at physiological maturity, and mean decreasing rate of RGLA (V_m) were selected as the key indices to discriminate the stay-green and non-stay-green maize genotypes. According to relative green leaf area at physiological maturity (MRGLA), the maximum decrease rate of RGLA (V_max), and the mean decreasing rate of RGLA (V_m), the 75 inbred lines were classified into stay-green and non-stay-green two types with Hiechical clustering analysis. The stay-green type was composed of 12 inbred lines with the following common characteristics: MRGLA of more than 60%, V_m of 0.687% d^-1, no significant decrease of RGLA during the whole growing period (67.07% at maturity), and high green leaf number (8.8 leaves) and chlorophyll content (4.43 mg dm^-2) at physiological maturity. The non-stay-green type, consisting of 63 inbred lines, was further categorized with quick-leaf-senescence (50 inbred lines) and slow-leaf-senescence (13 inbred lines) subgroups. In the quick- and slow-leaf senescence subgroups, the RGLA at maturity, V_m, green leaf number at maturity, and chlorophyll content at maturity were 17.75% and 33.55%, 1.89% d^-1 and 1.44% d^-1, 3.2 and 6.2, and 2.06 mg dm^-2 and 3.17 mg dm^-2, respectively. At physiological maturity, the RGLA was positively correlated with LAD (r= 0.8861, P < 0.01) and yield per plant (r = 0.8221, P < 0.01). The LAD and yield per plant were 20.02–23.87% and 50.44–59.38% higher in the stay-green type than in the non-stay-green type, respectively. Thus, the stay-green type had higher yield potential due to larger green leaf area, higher chlorophyll content and photosynthesis efficiency as well as longer photosynthesis duration.

Key words: Maize, Inbred line, Stay-green, Yield

刘开昌,董树亭,赵海军,王庆成,李宗新,刘霞,张慧. 我国玉米自交系叶片保绿性及其与产量的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2009, 35(9): 1662-1671.

LIU Kai-Chang,DONG Shu-Ting,ZHAO Hai-Jun,WANG Qing-Cheng,LI Zong-Xin,LIU Xia. Leaf Stay-Green Traits in Chinese Maize Inbred Lines and Their Relationship with Grain Yield[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35(9): 1662-1671.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01662

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2009/V35/I9/1662

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