“三定”栽培对双季超级稻产量形成及生理特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00855

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨南方双季稻区超级稻高产栽培技术，于2008—2010年在湖南长沙和浏阳以超级早稻陆两优996、陵两优268和超级晚稻天优华占、丰源优299为材料进行大田定位试验，比较了“三定”栽培、免耕摆栽和传统栽培下双季超级稻的产量形成特点和生理特性。与传统栽培相比，“三定”栽培齐穗期的颖花伤流量、根系氧化力、根冠比、叶面积指数及籽粒结实期剑叶的光合速率较高，齐穗后剑叶SPAD值下降缓慢、干物质积累量大，有效穗数和每穗粒数多，早季平均产量为7.18 t hm^-2，增产11.68%，晚季平均产量为8.39 t hm^-2，增产7.41%；免耕摆栽干物质积累量大、有效穗数多，但其收获指数、每穗粒数和结实率居劣势，使其单季增产效果不显著。由此可见，南方双季超级稻在“三定”栽培下后期生理优势明显，产量构成因子协调，增产效果显著。

关键词: 栽培方式, 超级稻, 产量, 干物质

Abstract: Rice is the major staple food of China. The realization of its high yield has a great significance for food security and society stability. A field experiment was conducted in Changsha and Liuyang cities of Hunan Province during 2008–2010 to find out a cultivation technique that could increase the yield of double cropping super rice in South China. Super early rice Luliangyou996 and Lingliangyou 268 and super late rice Tianyouhuazhan and Fengyuanyou 299 were used in early and late season cropping, respectively. The cultivation patterns were designed as “Sanding” cultivation (tillage and transplanting, A), no tillage and seedling broadcasting (B), traditional cultivation (C) and no applied fertilizer (D). The characteristics of grain yield formation and their physiological attributes under different cultivation patterns were analyzed. Result showed that the grain yield of pattern A was significantly higher among the tested patterns irrespective of growing seasons, locations and years. Compared with pattern C, the pattern A significantly increased root bleeding intensity per flowering glume, root oxidation ability,root-shoot ratio, LAI and photosynthetic rate in flag leaves at heading stage, and the SPAD reading of pattern A decrease slowly and dry matter production was higher from heading to maturity stages. The average grain yield of pattern A (7.18 t hm^-2 and 8.39 t hm^-2 in early and late season rice, respectively) was 11.68% and 7.41% higher in early and late season, respectively, mainly due to the contribution of higher number of productive tiller and grain number per panicle. The dry matter accumulation and number of productive tiller of pattern B was higher but the harvest index (HI) and grain-filling percentage were lower than those of pattern C and there was no significant yield increasing or decreasing trend. Thus, the physiological characteristics could be improved through the practicing of “Sanding” cultivation technique which is very important to increase grain yield especially in South China rice production.

Key words: Cultivation patterns, Super rice, Yield, Dry matter

蒋鹏, 黄敏, Md.Ibrahim, 曾燕, 夏冰, 邹应斌. “三定”栽培对双季超级稻产量形成及生理特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(05): 855-867.

JIANG Feng, HUANG Min, Md.Ibrahim , CENG Yan, JIA Bing, JU Ying-Bin. Effects of “San-Ding” Cultivation Method on Yield Formation and Physiological Characteristics of Double Cropping Super Rice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(05): 855-867.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00855

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2011/V37/I05/855

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