小麦玉米周年生产中耕作对夏玉米产量及抗倒伏能力的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01093

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对黄淮海平原冬小麦夏玉米周年生产的特点，将冬小麦夏玉米播前耕作统筹结合，以期为冬小麦夏玉米周年生产体系耕作方式的改良提供依据。以郑单958为验材，设冬小麦播前旋耕夏玉米播前免耕(RN)、冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前免耕(MN)、冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前旋耕(MR) 3个处理，探讨冬小麦夏玉米周年生产条件下不同耕作方式对夏玉米抗倒伏能力及产量的影响。2年研究结果表明，MR处理夏玉米的株高、穗位高增加，MN与MR处理的地上第3茎节变粗，MN处理的地上第3节间茎粗系数最大。MR与MN处理间抽雄期的基部茎节穿刺强度无显著差异，但较RN均显著增强，茎秆皮层厚度和维管束密度及维管束鞘面积较RN也显著增大，茎秆伤流速率较RN分别提高60.60%和46.70%，茎秆质量显著提高。此外，MN与MR的根重和根冠比较RN显著提高，地上节根根条数与干重也显著提高。MN与MR较RN处理分别增产26.33%与39.21%。冬小麦播前翻耕可显著提高夏玉米产量及抗倒伏能力。

关键词: 夏玉米, 小麦玉米周年耕作, 茎秆形态与结构, 倒伏, 产量

Abstract:

The objective of his study was to explore the effects of different tillage systems in winter wheat-summer maize cropping on yield and lodging resistance of summer maize. Maize hybrid Zhengdan958 was used as experimental material. Three tillage treatments were designed, including rotary tillage before winter wheat seeding and no-tillage before maize seeding (RN), moldboard tillage before winter wheat seeding and no-tillage before maize seeding (MN), and moldboard tillage before winter wheat seeding and rotary tillage before maize seeding (MR). The results showed that plant height and ear height were higher in MR than in RN, the third internode diameter of MN and MR was greater than that of RN, and the ratio of length to diameter in MN was the lowest and the stem diameter coefficients of MN was the highest. Rind penetrometer resistance of summer maize enhanced at the tasselling stage (VT) and reduced at the milk stage (R3) in the treatment of moldboard tillage before winter wheat seeding, density of the vascular and area of the vascular bundle were increased, and bleeding sap in stalk increased under MR and MN. Bleeding sap of stalks under MR and MN was 60.62% and 46.70% greater than under RN respectively. Root and shoot dry matter, the ratio of root and shoot dry matter, and brace root numbers of summer maize in MN and MR were higher than these in RN. Grain yield of MR and MN was 26.33% and 39.21% greater than that of RN, respectively. In conclusion, moldboard tillage before winter wheat seeding has good effects on yield and lodging-resistant capability in summer maize.

Key words: Summer maize, Tillage systems, Stalk quality, Lodging, Grain yield

李霞,张吉旺*,任佰朝,范霞,董树亭,刘鹏,赵斌. 小麦玉米周年生产中耕作对夏玉米产量及抗倒伏能力的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(06): 1093-1101.

LI Xia,ZHANG Ji-Wang*,REN Bai-Zhao,FAN Xia,DONG Shu-Ting,LIU Peng,ZHAO Bin. Yield and Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize under Different Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Tillage Systems[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(06): 1093-1101.

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