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作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1564-1574.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01564

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

微喷带灌溉对小麦灌浆期冠层温湿度变化和粒重的影响

王东*,徐学欣,张洪波,林祥,赵阳   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 山东小麦玉米周年高产高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-16 修回日期:2015-04-06 出版日期:2015-10-12 网络出版日期:2015-07-09
  • 通讯作者: 王东, E-mail: wangd@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8247828
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271660), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503130)和山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题资助。

Effects of Irrigation with Micro-sprinkling Hoses on Canopy Temperature and Humidity at Filling Stage and Grain Weight of Wheat

WANG Dong*,XU Xue-Xin,ZHANG Hong-Bo,LIN Xiang,ZHAO Yang   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Cooperative Innovation Centre of Shandong Wheat-Corn Crops, Tai’an 271018, China
  • Received:2014-12-16 Revised:2015-04-06 Published:2015-10-12 Published online:2015-07-09
  • Contact: 王东, E-mail: wangd@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8247828

摘要:

2012-2013和2013-2014年度田间试验中设小麦灌浆初期不灌水、畦灌和小麦专用微喷带灌溉个处理,并在灌浆中后期设置不同微喷时间和水量处理,以明确微喷带灌溉对小麦灌浆期冠层温、湿度和粒重的影响。灌浆初期进行处理,当日中午穗层温度降低,降幅明显大于W1处理;灌水后第天与无显著差异,第天与无显著差异。处理当日叶片水势显著大于处理,当日光合速率和次日叶片水势与光合速率及千粒重和籽粒产量均与无显著差异,且显著大于处理;的灌水利用效率显著大于处理。在小麦灌浆后期于时采用微喷带喷水均显著降低冠层温度,提高冠层相对湿度、旗叶水势和群体光合速率,且微喷时间越早越有利。本试验结果表明,小麦灌浆初期微喷补灌或中后期在预报高温当天时微喷补水,可显著提高粒重和籽粒产量。

关键词: 小麦, 微喷带灌溉, 冠层温度, 冠层湿度, 粒重

Abstract:

We carried out a two-year field experiment in 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 growing seasons of winter wheat, with treatments of no irrigation (W0), border irrigation (W1), and irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses special for wheat (W2). The W2 treatment was conducted at different time of a day in early or late grain filling stage with different amounts of irrigation in the middle and late filling stages. The results showed that the spike layer temperature of W2 decreased by 6.8–11.3°C after irrigating with micro-sprinkling hoses at 10:00 a.m. in early grain filling stage, and the decline was significantly greater than that of W1. However, no significant difference in temperature of spike layer was observed between W2 and W1 from the 2nd day to the 4th day after irrigation and between W2 and W0 at the 4th day after irrigation. The leaf water potential on the irrigation day was significantly higher in W2 than in W1. In contrast, leaf photosynthetic rate on the irrigation day, as well as leaf water potential and leaf photosynthetic rate on the next day were similar between W2 and W1. As a result, the grain weight and the grain yield in W2 and W1 were higher than those in W0 treatment. Besides, the irrigation water use efficiency of W2 was significantly higher than that of W1. When 5 or 10 mm of water was sprayed by micro-sprinkling hoses at 10:00, 12:00, and 14:00 hours in the late grain filling, the canopy temperature decreased significantly whereas the canopy relative humidity, the flag leaf water potential, and the canopy apparent photosynthetic rate tended to increase. During a day, earlier irrigation resulted in better improvement of water status and photosynthetic performance for wheat leaf. Our results suggest that supplementary irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses should be conducted at early grain-filling stage or at 10:00 on a day during middle-to-late grain filling with 5–10 mm water spray each time when daily high temperature is forecasted.

Key words: Wheat, Micro-sprinkling Hoses, Irrigation, Canopy temperature, Canopy humidity, Grain weight

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