作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 442-453.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00442
安盼盼1(), 明博3, 董朋飞1, 张秒1, 黄大召1, 赵亚丽1,2,*(), 李潮海1,2,*()
Pan-Pan AN1(), Bo MING3, Peng-Fei DONG1, Miao ZHANG1, Da-Zhao HUANG1, Ya-Li ZHAO1,2,*(), Chao-Hai LI1,2,*()
摘要:
针对近年来黄淮南部气候条件和耕作制度变化, 2015—2016年在河南农业大学科教园区以该区主推品种郑单958为材料, 采用分期播种方法, 研究玉米产量对气候生态条件的响应, 探讨气候因子与玉米产量的关系。结果表明, 由于年际间、播期间气候因子的差异, 玉米产量差异显著, 大体表现为春播产量高于夏播, 且夏播产量随播种时间的推迟而显著降低。随着播期的推迟, 玉米苗期日均温逐渐升高, 粒期日均温逐渐降低, 有效积温减少, 生育期缩短。试验设定密度下, 百粒重对产量的贡献大于穗粒数, 而影响百粒重和穗粒数的主要气候因子是全生育期有效积温和粒期有效积温。影响玉米产量的主要气候因子是苗期气温日较差(r = 0.696*)和日均温(r = -0.638*)、粒期有效积温(r = 0.822**)和日均温(r = 0.723**)、生育期有效积温(r = 0.843**)。因此, 生产上, 春播玉米播期由传统的4月15日左右推迟至5月1日左右, 可减少花期阴雨和高温热害影响, 表现出较好的丰产稳产性。夏播玉米在麦收后抢时早播, 不仅可争取更多积温, 还可使玉米苗期处于较低日均温、粒期处于较高日均温的有利温度条件下, 同时为推迟收获期和机械粒收创造条件。
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