西南旱地油菜间作紫云英和秸秆覆盖的生产效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00431

作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 431-441.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00431

西南旱地油菜间作紫云英和秸秆覆盖的生产效应

周泉^1,²(), 王龙昌^1,^*(), 马淑敏¹, 张小短¹, 邢毅¹, 张赛¹

¹西南大学农学与生物科技学院 / 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室 / 南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心, 重庆 400716
²江西农业大学生态科学研究中心 / 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室, 江西南昌 330045

收稿日期:2017-05-15 接受日期:2017-11-21 出版日期:2018-03-12 网络出版日期:2017-12-11
通讯作者: 王龙昌
作者简介:
zhouquanyilang@163.com
基金资助:
本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503127)和国家自然科学基金项目(31271673)资助

Influences of Rape Intercropping with Chinese Milk Vetch and Straw Mulching on Productive Benefits in Dryland of Southwest China

Quan ZHOU^1,²(), Long-Chang WANG^1,^*(), Shu-Min MA¹, Xiao-Duan ZHANG¹, Yi XING¹, Sai ZHANG¹

¹ College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University / Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400716, China
² Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China

Received:2017-05-15 Accepted:2017-11-21 Published:2018-03-12 Published online:2017-12-11
Contact: Long-Chang WANG
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503127) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271673).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国西南地区旱地的农田生态环境脆弱, 绿肥应用匮乏, 季节性干旱是限制油菜生产的关键因素。本研究在西南地区旱地引入冬季绿肥作物紫云英与油菜间作, 并结合秸秆覆盖, 探讨其对油菜光合特征、农艺性状、生物量、根系形态、油菜品质及产量的影响。结果表明, 间作紫云英和秸秆覆盖改善了油菜的根颈粗、叶片数、有效分枝数和单株角果数等农艺性状, 提高了油菜根系总根长、总根体积、总根表面积和平均根系直径等根系形态及蕾薹期和开花期的根、茎、叶生物量; 还提高了油菜苗期光合作用强度, 间作和秸秆覆盖处理的水分利用效率比油菜单作分别提高了31.12%和39.89%; 但对油菜品质的影响较小。间作、秸秆覆盖和秸秆覆盖下间作的油菜群体产量分别比单作提高10.30%、13.20%和40.16%。在西南地区旱地, 间作紫云英是提高油菜产量的可行途径, 而且结合秸秆覆盖的生产效益更明显。

关键词: 绿肥, 间作, 根系互作, 根系形态, 油菜产量

Abstract:

In dryland of the southwest of China, the eco-environment of farmland is extremely fragile, and the application of green manure is not enough. The seasonal drought is a key factor limiting the rape production. In order to improve rape yield and explore the application method of green manure, we compared the effects of intercropping and straw mulching on photosynthetic characteristics, agronomic traits, biomass, root morphology, rapeseed quality and yield. Intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching substantially improved the agronomic traits (diameter of root crown, leaf number, effective branch number and number of pods per plant), the root morphology (total root length, total root volume, total root surfarea and average root diameter), and the biomass of root, stem and leaf at stem elongation, flowering and podding stages of rape. At the same time, it also increased the photosynthetic rate at seeding stage. Water use efficiency in intercropping treatment and straw mulching treatment was increased by 31.12% and 39.89% as compared with rape monoculture. In addition, treatments of intercropping, straw mulching and intercropping with straw mulching significantly increased rape yield by 10.30%, 13.20%, and 40.16% as compared with rape monoculture. Our findings revealed that intercropping Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching are helpful to improve the agronomic trait, biomass and root morphology, resulting in yield increase in rape.

Key words: green manure, intercropping, root interaction, root morphology, rape yield

周泉, 王龙昌, 马淑敏, 张小短, 邢毅, 张赛. 西南旱地油菜间作紫云英和秸秆覆盖的生产效应[J]. 作物学报, 2018, 44(03): 431-441.

Quan ZHOU, Long-Chang WANG, Shu-Min MA, Xiao-Duan ZHANG, Yi XING, Sai ZHANG. Influences of Rape Intercropping with Chinese Milk Vetch and Straw Mulching on Productive Benefits in Dryland of Southwest China[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(03): 431-441.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00431

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2018/V44/I03/431

图/表 10

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

表2

图5

图6

表3

表4

参考文献 25

[1]	中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2016
	National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2016 (in Chinese)
[2]	赵小蓉, 蒲波, 李浩, 王昌桃, 赵燮京. 秸秆覆盖栽培对油菜土壤含水率和产量的影响. 西南农业学报, 2010, 23: 354-358
	Zhao X R, Pu B, Li H, Wang C T, Zhao X J.Effect of straw covering farming on oilseed rape yield and soil water content under rice-oilseed rape cropping system.Southwest China J Agric Sci, 2010, 23: 354-358 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	薛兰兰, Shakeel A A, 刘晓建, 邹聪明, 胡小东, 张云兰, 王龙昌. 秸秆覆盖对土壤养分和油菜生长发育的影响. 农机化研究, 2011, (2): 110-115
	Xue L L, Shakeel A A, Liu X J, Zou C M, Hu X D, Zhang Y L, Wang L C.Effect of straw mulch conservative cultivation on growth, yield and soil nutrients of rapeseed (Brassica compestris). J Agric Mechanization Res, 2011, (2): 110-115 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	蒋声和. 开辟油源的良好途径——绿肥田间作油菜. 农业科学通讯, 1955, (10): 567-568
	Jiang S H.A good way of opening the oil resources—green manure intercropping with rape.Agric Sci Commun, 1955, (10): 567-568 (in Chinese)
[5]	江西省农业科学院. 油菜、紫云英混播试验初步报告. 湖北农业科学, 1957, (5): 310-312
	Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A preliminary test report of rape mixed with Chinese milk vetch.Hubei Agric Sci, 1957, (5): 310-312 (in Chinese)
[6]	李中栋. 江西省油菜与紫云英间作、混作的经验. 中国农业科学, 1957, (7): 382-384
	Li Z D.The experience of rape intercropping with Chinese milk vetch in Jiangxi province.Sci Agric Sin, 1957, (7): 382-384 (in Chinese)
[7]	耿成杰. 湖北省油料作物学会举行油菜豆科绿肥混种间作学术讨论会. 土壤通报, 1963, (6): 59
	Geng C J.A seminar of rape intercropping with leguminous green manure—The oil crop science society of Hubei province.Chin J Soil Sci, 1963, (6): 59 (in Chinese)
[8]	周可金, 邢君, 博毓红, 桑亚松, 吴社兰, 宋国良. 油菜与紫云英间混作系统的生理生态效应. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(8): 1477-1481
	Zhou K J, Xing J, Bo Y H, Sang Y S, Wu S L, Song G L.Physiological and ecological effects of inter- and mixed cropping rape with milk vetch.Chin J Appl Ecol, 2005, 16: 1477-1481 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	吴社兰, 周可金. 油菜与紫云英混作系统的密度效应研究. 作物杂志, 2008, (2): 57-59
	Wu S L, Zhou K J.Effect of plant density of mixcropping system between rape and milk vetch.Crops, 2008, (2): 57-59 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	宋莉, 韩上, 席莹莹, 鲁剑巍, 吴礼树, 曹卫东, 耿明健. 间作对油菜和紫云英生长及产量的影响. 中国油料作物学报, 2014, 36: 231-237
	Song L, Han S, Xi Y Y, Lu J W, Wu L S, Cao W D, Geng M J.Effects of intercropping on growth and yield of rape and Chinese milk vetch.Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2014, 36: 231-237 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	曹卫东, 黄鸿翔. 关于我国恢复和发展绿肥若干问题的思考. 中国土壤与肥料, 2009, (4): 1-3
	Cao W D, Huang H X.Ideas on restoration and development of green manures in China.Chin Soil Fert, 2009, (4): 1-3 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	Sang Y K, Chang H L, Jessie G, Pil J K.Contribution of winter cover crop amendments on global warming potential in rice paddy soil during cultivation.Plant Soil, 2013, 366: 273-286
[13]	周泉, 王龙昌, 熊瑛, 张赛, 杜娟, 赵琳璐. 绿肥间作和秸秆覆盖对冬季油菜根际土壤有机碳及土壤呼吸的影响. 环境科学, 2016, 37: 1114-1120
	Zhou Q, Wang L C, Xiong Y, Zhang S, Du J, Zhao L L.Effects of green manure intercropping and straw mulching on winter rape rhizosphere soil organic carbon and soil respiration.Environ Sci, 2016, 37: 1114-1120 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Jeromela A M, Mikić A M, Vujić S, Ćupina B, Krstić D, Dimitrijević A, Vasiljević S, Mihailović V, Cvejić S, Miladinović D.Potential of Legume-Brassica intercrops for forage production and green manure: encouragements from a temperate southeast European environment.Front Plant Sci, 2017, 8: 312
[15]	Banik P, Sasmal T, Ghosal P K, Bagchi D K.Evaluation of mustard (Brassica compestris var. Toria) and legume intercropping under 1:1 and 2:1 row replacement series systems. J Agron Crop Sci, 2000, 185: 9-14
[16]	Devi K N, Shamurailatpam D, Singh T B, Athokpam H S, Singh N B, Singh N G, Singh L N, Singh A D, Chanu O P, Singh S R, Devi K P, Devi L S.Performance of lentil (Lens culinaris M.) and mustard(Brassica juncea L.) intercropping under rainfed conditions. Aust J Crop Sci, 2014, 8: 284-289
[17]	肖靖秀, 汤利, 郑毅. 氮肥用量对油菜蚕豆间作系统作物产量及养分吸收的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17: 1468-1473
	Xiao J X, Tang L, Zheng Y.Effects of N fertilization on yield and nutrient absorption in rape and faba bean intercropping system.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2011, 17: 1468-1473 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Cadoux S, Sauzet G, Valantin-Morison M, Pontet C, Champolivier L, Robert C, Lieven J, Flénet F, Mangenot O, Fauvin P, Landé N.Intercropping frost-sensitive legume crops with winter oilseed rape reduces weed competition, insect damage, and improves nitrogen use efficiency.Oilseeds Fats Crops Lipids, 2015, 22(03): D302
[19]	王秋杰, 曹一平, 张福锁, 王兴仁. 间套作研究中的统计分析方法. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1998, 4: 176-182
	Wang Q J, Cao Y P, Zhang F S, Wang X R.The statiatical analysis methods in intercropping researches.Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 1998, 4: 176-182 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	廖桂平, 官春云. 不同播期对不同基因型油菜产量特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12: 853-858
	Liao G P, Guan C Y.Effect of seeding date on yield characteristics of different rapeseed (Brassica napus) genotypes. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2001, 12: 853-858 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	赵秉强, 张福锁, 李增嘉. 间套作条件下作物根系数量与活性的空间分布及变化规律研究: II. 间作早春玉米根系数量与活性的空间分布及变化规律. 作物学报, 2001, 27: 974-980
	Zhao B Q, Zhang F S, Li Z J.Vertical distribution and its change of root quantity & activity of crops in the “winter wheat early spring maize/summer maize” cropping system: II. The vertical distribution and its changes of root quantity & activity of the early spring inter-plant.Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27: 974-980 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Coppens F, Garnier P, Findeling A, Merckx R, Recous S.Decomposition of mulched versus incorporated crop residues: modelling with PASTIS clarifies interactions between residue quality and location.Soil Biol Biochem, 2007, 39: 2339-2350
[23]	Zhang X Q, Huang G Q, Bian X M, Zhao Q G.Effects of nitrogen fertilization and root interaction on the agronomic traits of intercropped maize, and the quantity of microorganisms and activity of enzymes in the rhizosphere.Plant & Soil, 2013, 368: 407-417
[24]	赵聚宝, 梅旭荣, 薛军红, 钟兆站, 张天佑. 秸秆覆盖对旱地作物水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 1996, 29(2): 59-66
	Zhao J B, Mei X R, Xue J H, Zhong Z Z, Zhang T Y.The effect of straw mulch on crop water use efficiency in dryland.Sci Agric Sin, 1996, 29(2): 59-66 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	李静静, 李从锋, 李连禄, 丁在松, 赵明. 苗带深松条件下秸秆覆盖对春玉米土壤水温及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1787-1796
	Li J J, Li C F, Li L L, Ding Z S, Zhao M.Effect of straw mulching on soil temperature, soil moisture and spring maize yield under seedling strip subsoiling.Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1787-1796 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (P_n) (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (G_s) (mol m^-2 s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) (μmol mol^-1)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (T_r) (mmol m^-2 s^-1)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (WUE) (mmol mol^-1)
油菜单作+无秸秆覆盖R	6.77±0.77 b	0.12±0.06 b	300.01±70.23 a	0.58±0.24 b	8.90±1.19 a
紫云英油菜间作+无秸秆覆盖AR	7.60±0.51 ab	0.15±0.06 ab	326.96±29.01 a	0.69±0.20 ab	11.67±3.35 a
油菜单作+秸秆覆盖SR	8.12±1.33 ab	0.26±0.04 a	376.22±18.91 a	1.06±0.17 a	7.89±2.54 a
紫云英油菜间作+秸秆覆盖SAR	8.74±0.51 a	0.15±0.05 ab	332.07±32.96 a	0.73±0.19 ab	12.45±2.78 a

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	油菜单作+ 无秸秆覆盖R	紫云英油菜间作+ 无秸秆覆盖AR	油菜单作+ 秸秆覆盖SR	紫云英油菜间作+ 秸秆覆盖SAR
低芥酸Low erucic acid	0.29±0.28 a	0.30±0.23 a	0.12±0.09 a	0.40±0.14 a
高芥酸High erucic acid	9.14±0.16 a	6.17±4.50 a	5.13±3.73 a	8.15±4.08 a
高油酸High oleic acid	62.73±0.94 a	62.02±0.14 a	61.47±1.23 a	61.51±0.66 a
花生烯酸Arachidonic acid	3.04±0.60 a	3.22±0.66 a	3.47±1.37 a	3.62±0.47 a
芥酸Erucic acid	5.18±0.52 a	4.33±1.45 a	3.14±1.84 a	5.49±2.11 a
亚麻酸Linolenic acid	9.05±0.32 a	8.56±0.28 ab	8.49±0.16 b	8.88±0.08 ab
亚油酸Linoleic acid	21.85±0.67 ab	21.29±0.62 ab	20.76±0.25 b	22.32±1.06 a
硬脂酸Stearic acid	0.57±0.11 a	0.40±0.13 b	0.36±0.11 b	0.38±0.16 b
油酸Oleic acid	55.54±1.20 a	58.23±2.83 a	59.60±2.06 a	55.38±1.84 a
棕榈酸Palmitic acid	4.66±0.09 b	4.78±0.03 ab	4.86±0.24 ab	4.90±0.08 a

农艺性状 Agronomic trait	单株产量 Yield per plant	根系形态 Root morphology	单株产量 Yield per plant
株高Plant height	0.578^*	总根长Total root length	-0.009
根颈粗Diameter of root crown	0.827^**	总根表面积Total root surfarea	0.493^*
叶片数Leaf number	0.770^**	平均根系直径Average root diameter	0.426
无柄叶数Sessile leaf number	0.774^**	总根体积Total root volume	0.659^**
一级有效分枝数Primary effective branch number	0.679^**	根尖数Tips	0.089
二级有效分枝数Secondary effective branch number	0.723^**	分枝数Forks	0.046
单株角果数Number of pods per plant	0.880^**	交叉数Crossings	-0.066

处理 Treatment	关联系数 Correlation coefficient (ξ)									灰色综合评判值 G
处理 Treatment	株高 PH	根颈粗 DRB	叶片数 LN	无柄叶数 SLN	一级有效分枝数 PEBN	二级有效分枝数 SEBN	单株角果数 NPP	总根表面积 TRS	总根体积 TRV	灰色综合评判值 G
FT	0.807	0.531	0.375	0.357	0.572	0.333	0.386	0.495	0.364	0.483
FS	0.735	0.584	0.468	0.439	0.625	0.421	0.425	0.478	0.477	0.526
PT	0.875	0.598	0.548	0.528	0.597	0.629	0.517	0.765	0.500	0.627
PS	0.875	0.852	0.981	1.000	0.769	1.000	0.979	0.652	0.735	0.870
NT	0.847	0.657	0.597	0.608	0.816	0.629	0.683	1.000	0.544	0.718
NS	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.959	1.000	0.884	1.000	0.762	1.000	0.957
关联度DA (γ)	0.856	0.704	0.662	0.649	0.730	0.649	0.665	0.692	0.603
权重系数WC (ω)	0.138	0.113	0.107	0.104	0.118	0.105	0.107	0.111	0.097

西南旱地油菜间作紫云英和秸秆覆盖的生产效应

Influences of Rape Intercropping with Chinese Milk Vetch and Straw Mulching on Productive Benefits in Dryland of Southwest China

RichHTML

PDF

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 25

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

关于本刊

在线期刊

作者中心

相关单位

联系我们

[1]	郭星宇, 胡丹, 林苏期, 王梦凯, 谭文峰, 黄传琴. 生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547.
[2]	张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[3]	侯思宇, 王国璀, 韦金贵, 谢玮欣, 殷文, 樊志龙, 柴强, 胡发龙. 绿肥配施化学氮肥对西北干旱灌区小麦干物质积累及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1208-1219.
[4]	李晓龙, 严清彪, 李正鹏, 殷文, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 韩梅, 柴强. 氮肥减施协同绿肥过腹还田可降低青海高原小麦农田温室气体排放[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 908-921.
[5]	张译尹, 王斌, 王腾飞, 肖爱萍, 胡海英, 兰剑. 青贮玉米‖拉巴豆间作系统产量优势对空间配置的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(2): 552-564.
[6]	谢玮欣, 毛守发, 韦金贵, 侯思宇, 樊志龙, 殷文, 胡发龙, 南运有, 柴强. 干旱灌区绿肥还田对减量灌水春小麦水分利用的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(2): 514-526.
[7]	陈宣伊, 张健伟, 张向前, 葛国龙, 路战远, 郭星星, 马子惠, 李欣艺, 陈立宇. 大豆玉米不同条带间作对玉米带水热时空动态变化及玉米产量效益的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(1): 178-190.
[8]	闫喆林, 任强, 樊志龙, 殷文, 孙亚丽, 范虹, 何蔚, 胡发龙, 闫丽娟, 柴强. 氮肥后移优化绿洲灌区小麦间作玉米种间关系提高氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(8): 2190-2203.
[9]	蔡金珊, 李超男, 王景一, 李宁, 柳玉平, 景蕊莲, 李龙, 孙黛珍. 小麦幼苗根系性状全基因组关联分析及TaSRL-3B优异等位基因发掘[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(8): 2020-2032.
[10]	李炳霖, 叶晓磊, 肖红, 肖国滨, 吕伟生, 刘君权, 任涛, 陆志峰, 鲁剑巍. 镁肥用量对油菜产量和镁吸收量及因冻害减产程度的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1850-1860.
[11]	崔鑫, 谷贺贺, 宋毅, 张哲, 刘诗诗, 陆志峰, 任涛, 鲁剑巍. 钾肥用量对油菜产量和钾素积累及因冻害减产程度的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1629-1642.
[12]	闫尚龙, 王琦明, 柴强, 殷文, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 刘志鹏, 韦金贵. 绿洲灌区玉米籽粒产量及品质对密植及间作豌豆的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1665-1675.
[13]	张冬玲, 于爱忠, 吕汉强, 杨学慧, 王玉珑, 王鹏飞, 尚永盼, 尹波, 刘亚龙, 王凤. 绿肥还田结合减量施氮对绿洲灌区麦田N₂O排放和小麦产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(4): 1005-1021.
[14]	刘亚龙, 王鹏飞, 于爱忠, 王玉珑, 尚永盼, 杨学慧, 尹波, 张冬玲, 王凤. 绿肥还田条件下减氮对河西绿洲灌区玉米产量及N₂O排放的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(3): 771-784.
[15]	张辰煜, 葛军勇, 褚俊聪, 王星宇, 赵宝平, 杨亚东, 臧华栋, 曾昭海. 燕麦红芸豆带状间作的产量效应及根系形态与土壤酶活性[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(2): 459-469.