小麦幼苗根系性状全基因组关联分析及TaSRL-3B优异等位基因发掘

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根系是小麦吸收土壤水分和养分的器官，其形态特征与产量及耐逆性密切相关。因此，发掘根系形态相关遗传位点及优异等位基因对于小麦改良具有重要意义。本项目以277份小麦种质为材料，采用凝胶根室法鉴定总根长、根表面积及根角度等8种幼苗根系性状，结合小麦660K SNP芯片的分型结果开展3种模型(GLM、MLM和FarmCPU)全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。共检测到52个关联位点，其中包括6个与多个根系性状相关的一因多效性遗传位点(Loci17、Loci20、Loci22、Loci38、Loci46、Loci47)，分别位于染色体3A、3B、3D、5A、6A和6B上。在位点Loci20中克隆到调控根系性状候选基因TaSRL-3B，其序列全长1089 bp，无内含子，第78~235位氨基酸处有1个保守的NAC结构域。在该基因编码区检测到1个20 bp的插入/缺失变异(InDel⁷¹⁷)，该变异导致移码突变且与Loci20位点的候选SNP (cSNP, AX-108758584)紧密连锁(R² = 0.84)。277份供试小麦材料中携带等位基因TaSRL-3B^In的种质平均最大根长、总根长及根表面积均显著大于携带等位基因TaSRL-3B^Del的种质。以携带TaSRL-3B^Del的鲁麦14 (LM14)为受体亲本、携带TaSRL-3B^In的陕合6号 (SH6)为供体亲本，创制回交导入系群体(BC₃F₅)。利用基于InDel⁷¹⁷开发的分子标记从中鉴定出5个携带TaSRL-3B^In的鲁麦14近等基因系。与鲁麦14相比，其近等基因系的最大根长、总根长、根表面积及根体积均显著增加，进一步表明TaSRL-3B参与调控小麦幼苗根系形态。与小麦地方品种相比，我国现代育成品种中长根型等位基因TaSRL-3B^In频率减少。本研究为加快小麦根系遗传调控网络构建和功能解析提供了重要信息，有助于小麦根系的遗传改良。

关键词: 小麦, 幼苗, 根系形态, 全基因组关联分析, 候选基因

Abstract:

The root system is the primary organ responsible for water and nutrient uptake in wheat, and its morphological characteristics are closely associated with yield and tolerance to abiotic stress. Therefore, identifying genetic loci and favorable alleles that control root morphology is of great importance for wheat improvement. In this study, 277 wheat accessions were evaluated using a gel-chamber-based observation method to characterize eight root morphological traits at the seedling stage, including total root length, root surface area, and root angle. Based on genotyping with the Wheat 660K SNP Array, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using three models (GLM, MLM, and FarmCPU), leading to the identification of 52 associated loci. Among them, six pleiotropic loci (Loci17, Loci20, Loci22, Loci38, Loci46, and Loci47) were located on chromosomes 3A, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, and 6B, respectively. Within Loci20, the candidate gene TaSRL-3B, associated with root morphology, was cloned. This gene has a full-length sequence of 1089 bp, lacks introns, and contains a conserved NAC domain between amino acids 78 and 235. A 20-bp insertion/deletion (InDel⁷¹⁷) in the coding region of TaSRL-3B caused a frameshift mutation and showed strong linkage (R² = 0.84) with the candidate SNP (AX-108758584) in Loci20. Accessions carrying the TaSRL-3B^In allele exhibited significantly greater maximum root length, total root length, and root surface area compared to those with the TaSRL-3B^In. A backcross introgression line population (BC₃F₅) was developed using Lumai 14 (LM14, carrying TaSRL-3B^Del as the recurrent parent and Shanhe 6 (SH6, carrying TaSRL-3B^In as the donor. A molecular marker based on InDel⁷¹⁷ was used to identify five near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying TaSRL-3B^In from this population. Compared to LM14, these lines showed significant improvements in maximum root length, total root length, root surface area, and root volume, further confirming the role of TaSRL-3B in shaping seedling root morphology. Notably, the frequency of the long-root allele TaSRL-3B^In has declined in modern Chinese cultivars compared to landraces. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic regulation of wheat root traits and supports the genetic improvement of root systems for enhanced wheat performance.

Key words: wheat, seedling, root morphology, genome-wide association analysis, candidate gene

蔡金珊, 李超男, 王景一, 李宁, 柳玉平, 景蕊莲, 李龙, 孙黛珍. 小麦幼苗根系性状全基因组关联分析及TaSRL-3B优异等位基因发掘[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

CAI Jin-Shan, LI Chao-Nan, WANG Jing-Yi, LI Ning, LIU Yu-Ping, JING Rui-Lian, LI Long, SUN Dai-Zhen. Genome-wide association study of root traits in wheat seedlings and identification of a superior allele at TaSRL-3B[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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