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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 796-813.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00796
王琪月1,孟淑君1,张柯2,张战辉1,汤继华1,丁冬1,*(
)
Qi-Yue WANG1,Shu-Jun MENG1,Ke ZHANG2,Zhan-Hui ZHANG1,Ji-Hua TANG1,Dong DING1,*()
摘要：
杂种优势已广泛应用于玉米育种, 在提高玉米产量、品质以及增强抗逆性等方面起到了重要的作用, 然而杂种优势的分子机制尚不清楚。植物miRNA主要在转录和转录后水平调节基因的表达。为阐明miRNA是否及如何对玉米雌穗发育杂种优势产生影响, 本研究对玉米杂交种郑单958及其亲本自交系(昌7-2和郑58)进行了高通量miRNA测序和降解组测序。取玉米雌穗花序分生组织(IM)发育为成对小穗分生组织(SPM), 进而产生小穗分生组织(SM), 及小花分生组织(FM)将3个不同时期的雌穗样品用于miRNA建库测序, 鉴定出16个miRNA家族中的81个保守miRNA为非加性表达, 认为是与雌穗发育杂种优势形成相关的miRNA; 3个阶段中分别检测到80.30%、56.06%和48.10%的非加性表达的miRNA被显性或超显性抑制。鉴定出8种新的miRNA, 属于7个miRNA家族。通过雌穗降解组测序, 发现在郑单958及其亲本自交系中共同检测到的miRNA靶向42个基因的82个转录本。根据测序结果构建了miRNA参与玉米雌穗杂种优势的模型, 并推测在雌穗发育早期阶段杂交种雌穗的miRNA的普遍抑制导致其靶基因上调表达, 随着发育进程miRNA逐步解除抑制, 带来其靶基因表达量的逐步减少, 这种miRNA与其靶基因的拮抗关系也许与玉米雌穗发育杂种优势形成有关。
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