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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 988-999.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00988

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦种质资源抗旱性鉴定评价

李龙,毛新国,王景一,昌小平,柳玉平,景蕊莲()   

  1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-18 接受日期:2018-03-20 出版日期:2018-07-10 网络出版日期:2018-03-29
  • 通讯作者: 景蕊莲
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300202), 国家自然科学基金项目(31461143024)和中国农业科学院创新工程项目资助

Drought Tolerance Evaluation of Wheat Germplasm Resources

Long LI,Xin-Guo MAO,Jing-Yi WANG,Xiao-Ping CHANG,Yu-Ping LIU,Rui-Lian JING()   

  1. National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2017-12-18 Accepted:2018-03-20 Published:2018-07-10 Published online:2018-03-29
  • Contact: Rui-Lian JING
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31461143024), and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS.

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摘要：

培育抗旱节水小麦品种是保障我国粮食安全的重要途径之一, 优异抗旱种质资源筛选及抗旱性评价方法的研究对于提高抗旱育种效率具有关键作用。本研究采用反复干旱法和田间直接鉴定法分别鉴定323份小麦种质苗期和成株期的抗旱性。结果表明, 随着干旱次数的增加幼苗存活率逐渐下降, 而其变异系数和广义遗传力增加。成株期单株产量抗旱系数与综合抗旱性度量值D显著正相关(R 2 = 0.609), 采用综合抗旱性度量值D有利于区分干旱对不同种质产量的影响力。苗期反复干旱存活率(DS)与单株产量的抗旱系数及综合抗旱性度量值D均无显著相关。基于反复干旱存活率筛选得到28份苗期强抗旱种质, 基于单株产量抗旱系数和综合抗旱性度量值D分别得到25和30份成株期强抗旱种质, 其中, 9份种质用2种评价方法均表现强抗旱; 21份种质在苗期和成株期均表现抗旱或强抗旱。本研究为小麦抗旱性评价方法及抗旱亲本的合理选择提供理论指导和信息支撑。

关键词: 小麦, 抗旱性, 苗期, 成株期, 综合评价

Abstract:

Breeding drought-tolerant wheat varieties is an essential strategy to ensure food security in China. Identification of elite germplasm resources and methodological study of drought tolerance evaluation are the keys to improve drought-tolerance breeding efficiency. The drought tolerance of 323 wheat germplasm resources at seedling and adult stages was evaluated using the methods of repeated drought and direct identification in the field, respectively. With the increase of tested times of drought stress, the seedling survival rates declined, whereas the variation coefficients of seedling survival rates and broad-sense heritabilities increased. The drought tolerance coefficient of yield (DTCGY) showed significantly positive correlation (R 2 = 0.609) with drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value (DV), and DV was an effective indicator for distinguishing the vulnerability of yield of different germplasm resources under drought stress. The repeated drought survival rate (DS) at seedling stage had no significant correlation with either DTCGY or DV. Twenty-eight accessions with high drought tolerance at seedling stage were selected based on DS, 25 and 30 accessions with high drought tolerance at adult stage were screened out based on DTCGY and DV, respectively. Among which, nine with high tolerance were detected based on both DTCGY and DV; 21 accessions showed drought tolerance at both seedling and adult stages. This results provide theoretical guidance and basic information for selections of drought-tolerance evaluation methods and elite parents.

Key words: wheat, drought tolerance, seedling stage, adult stage, comprehensive evaluation

附表1

323份小麦种质的抗旱性评价结果"

种质
Accession		 DS DTCGY DV 种质
Accession		 DS DTCGY DV
花培6号 Huapei 6 HT HT T 鲁麦3号 Lumai 3 MT MT MT
京品3号 Jingpin 3 HT HT T 洛旱11 Luohan 11 MT MT MT
西农318 Xinong 318 HT HT T 宁冬11 Ningdong 11 MT MT MT
晋麦63 Jinmai 63 HT T HT 农大33 Nongda 33 MT MT MT
京品30 Jingpin 30 HT T T 石麦12 Shimai 12 MT MT MT
小山8号 Xiaoshan 8 HT T MT 太712 Tai 712 MT MT MT
邯郸6050 Handan 6050 HT MT HT 太原633 Taiyuan 633 MT MT MT
西峰16 Xifeng 16 HT MT T 泰山23 Taishan 23 MT MT MT
长6878 Chang 6878 HT MT T 西峰20 Xifeng 20 MT MT MT
红和尚 Hongheshang HT MT MT 西农9106 Xinong 9106 MT MT MT
临汾8050 Linfen 8050 HT MT MT 鑫麦296 Xinmai 296 MT MT MT
临旱5367 Linhan 5367 HT MT MT 豫麦29 Yumai 29 MT MT MT
鲁麦19 Lumai 19 HT MT MT 豫展4号 Yuzhan 4 MT MT MT
农大146 Nongda 146 HT MT MT 运旱22-33 Yunhan 22-33 MT MT MT
农大81146 Nongda 81146 HT MT MT 早穗66 Zaosui 66 MT MT MT
石优17 Shiyou 17 HT MT MT 长4738 Chang 4738 MT MT MT
原冬847 Yuandong 847 HT MT MT 中大86-鉴2 Zhongda 86-Jian 2 MT MT MT
西农189 Xinong 189 HT MT HS 周麦16 Zhoumai 16 MT MT MT
漯麦9号 Luomai 9 HT S HT 周麦18 Zhoumai 18 MT MT MT

附表1

续"

种质
Accession		 DS DTCGY DV 种质
Accession		 DS DTCGY DV
周麦22 Zhoumai 22 HT S T 丰优5号 Fengkang 13 MT MT S
清山843 Qingshan 843 HT S MT 冀麦29 Jimai 29 MT MT S
京冬8号 Jingdong 8 HT S S 鉴26 Jian 26 MT MT S
运旱2028 Yunhan 2028 HT S S 京选20 Jingxuan 20 MT MT S
京农80鉴107 Jingnong 80 Jian 107 HT S HS 兰天15 Lantian 15 MT MT S
石家庄407 Shijiazhuang 407 HT S HS 平阳348 Pingyang 348 MT MT S
泛麦8号 Fanmai 8 HT HS S 皖麦19 Wanmai 19 MT MT S
济南13 Jinan 13 HT HS S 西农1018 Xinong 1018 MT MT S
长6154 Chang 6154 HT HS HS 豫麦38 Yumai 38 MT MT S
衡水6404 Hengshui 6404 T HT HT 中旱110 Zhonghan 110 MT MT S
早洋麦 Early premium T HT HT 中作60115 Zhongzuo 60115 MT MT S
农大36 Nongda 36 T HT T 张冬29 Zhangdong 29 MT MT HS
胜利麦 Triumph T HT T 陕农1号 Shaannong 1 MT MT HS
郑州24 Zhengzhou 24 T HT T 西农219 Xinong 219 MT MT HS
中引6号 Zhongyin 6 T HT T 中7902 Zhong 7902 MT MT HS
冀麦9号 Jimai 9 T T HT 单R8043 Dan R8043 MT S MT
洛农10号 Luonong 10 T T HT 淮麦18 Huaimai 18 MT S MT
青麦7号 Qingmai 7 T T HT 济麦20 Jimai 20 MT S MT
中86 I-50455 Zhong 86 I-50455 T T HT 济宁3号 Jining 3 MT S MT
济麦6号 Jimai 6 T T T 冀麦32 Jimai 32 MT S MT
京双16 Jingshuang 16 T T T 冀审5099 Jishen 5099 MT S MT
洛旱8号 Luohan 8 T T T 晋麦68 Jinmai 68 MT S MT
农大155 Nongda 155 T T T 鲁麦17 Lumai 17 MT S MT
农大20074 Nongda 20074 T T T 庆丰1号 Qingfeng 1 MT S MT
长8744 Chang 8744 T T T 渭麦4号 Weimai 4 MT S MT
旱选10号 Hanxuan 10 T T MT 长6359 Chang 6359 MT S MT
冀麦41 Jimai 41 T T MT 长武89(1)3-4 Changwu 89(1)3-4 MT S MT
晋麦53 Jinmai 53 T T MT 衡5229 Heng 5229 MT S S
京品11 Jingpin 11 T T MT 晋麦91 Jinmai 91 MT S S
陕农2号 Shaannong 2 T T MT 洛旱6号 Luohan 6 MT S S
太13606 Tai 13606 T T MT 山优2号 Shanyou 2 MT S S
临旱6号 Linhan 6 T MT HT 烟农21 Yannong 21 MT S S
冀麦10号 Jimai 10 T MT T 延安15 Yan’an 15 MT S S
晋太182 Jintai 182 T MT T 长武131 Changwu 131 MT S S
洛夫林10号 Lovrin 10 T MT T 中大92-品8 Zhongda 92-Pin 8 MT S S
洛旱9号 Luohan 9 T MT T 济南2号 Jinan 2 MT S HS
蚂蚱麦 Mazhamai T MT T 早穗65 Zaosui 65 MT S HS
西农1043 Xinong 1043 T MT T 济麦4号 Jimai 4 MT HS MT
西农797 Xinong 928 T MT T 陕229 Shaan 229 MT HS MT
原冬3号 Yuandong 3 T MT T 运旱805 Yunhan 805 MT HS MT
中大91-品9 Zhongda 91-Pin 9 T MT T 西峰9号 Xifeng 9 MT HS S
中作60064 Zhongzuo 60064 T MT T 西农6028 Xinong 6028 MT HS S
北京837 Beijing 837 T MT MT 烟农19 Yannong 19 MT HS S
沧麦6005 Cangmai 6005 T MT MT 豫麦48 Yumai 48 MT HS S
冀麦6号 Jimai 6 T MT MT 运旱21-30 Yunhan 21-30 MT HS S
晋麦16 Jinmai 16 T MT MT 北京8694 Beijing 8694 MT HS S
晋麦33 Jinmai 33 T MT MT 济南10号 Jinan 10 MT HS S
晋麦51 Jinmai 51 T MT MT 沧麦6001 Cangmai 6001 MT HS HS
临丰518 Linfeng 518 T MT MT 济麦21 Jimai 21 MT HS HS
陇鉴294 Longjian 294 T MT MT 济麦22 Jimai 22 MT HS HS
平凉35 Pingliang 35 T MT MT 洛麦22 Luomai 22 MT HS HS
陕旱8675 Shaanhan 8675 T MT MT 山农优麦2号 Shannongyoumai 2 MT HS HS
太原566 Taiyuan 566 T MT MT 豫农416 Yunong 416 MT HS HS
偃展1号 Yanzhan 1 T MT MT 原冬856 Yuandong 856 MT HS HS
长麦6135 Changmai 6135 T MT MT 冀92-5203 Ji 92-5203 S HT HT
长武134 Changwu 134 T MT MT 石4185 Shi 4185 S HT HT
四棱红葫芦头 Silenghonghulutou T MT MT 中苏68 Zhongsu 68 S HT HT
大荔1号 Dali 1 T MT S 复壮30 Fuzhuang 30 S HT T
华北187 Huabei 187 T MT S 紫秆白芒先 Ziganbaimangxian S HT T
京农79-15 Jingnong 79-15 T MT S 百农160 Bainong 160 S HT MT
石麦19 Shimai 19 T MT S 京花1号 Jinghua 1 S HT MT
徐州6号 Xuzhou 6 T MT S 京东82东307 Jingdong 82 Dong 307 S HT S
长4640 Chang 4640 T MT S 运旱23-35 Yunhan 23-35 S HT S
中麦9号 Zhongmai 9 T MT S 鲁麦8号 Lumai 8 S T HT
单R8194 Dan R8194 T MT HS 冀麦38 Jimai 38 S T T
碧蚂1号 Bima 1 T S MT 京农84-6786 Jingnong 84-6786 S T T
京东83东65 Jingdong 83 Dong 65 T S MT 洛旱7号 Luohan 7 S T T
轮选987 Lunxuan 987 T S MT 石麦15 Shimai 15 S T T
轮抗7号 Lunkang 7 T S S 衡216 Heng 216 S T MT
泰山24 Taishan 24 T S S 郑丰9962 Zhengfeng 9962 S T MT
晋2148-7 Jin 2148-7 T S HS 白秃头 Baitutou S MT HT
长治516 Changzhi 516 T S HS 漯优7号 Luoyou 7 S MT HT
宝临9号 Baolin 9 T HS MT 西安8号 Xi'an 8 S MT HT
晋太1310 Jintai 1310 T HS MT 周麦23 Zhoumai 23 S MT HT
洛旱13 Luohan 13 T HS MT 丰产3号 Fengchan 3 S MT T
运旱115 Yunhan 115 T HS MT 冀麦2号 Jimai 2 S MT T
豫麦18 Yumai 18 T HS S 晋麦13 Jinmai 13 S MT T
农大183 Nongda 183 MT HT HT 临138 Lin 138 S MT T
秦麦3号 Qinmai 3 MT HT HT 洛旱2号 Luohan 2 S MT T
舜麦1718 Shunmai 1718 MT HT HT 洛麦23 Luomai 23 S MT T
沧州小麦 Cangzhouxiaomai MT HT T 秦麦7号 Qinmai 7 S MT T
冀麦26 Jimai 26 MT HT T 安86中17 An 86 Zhong 17 S MT MT
青春2号 Qingchun 2 MT HT T 冬协2号 Dongxie 2 S MT MT
丰产1号 Fengchan 1 MT T HT 衡麦2号 Hengmai 2 S MT MT
金光 Jinguang MT T HT 冀麦22 Jimai 22 S MT MT
农大311 Nongda 311 MT T HT 晋麦17 Jinmai 17 S MT MT
青春1号 Qingchun 1 MT T HT 晋麦25 Jinmai 25 S MT MT
温麦6号 Wenmai 6 MT T HT 晋麦50 Jinmai 50 S MT MT
旱选12 Hanxuan 12 MT T T 晋麦72 Jinmai 72 S MT MT
旱选3号 Hanxuan 3 MT T T 晋农207 Jinnong 207 S MT MT
科遗29 Keyi 29 MT T T 京411 Jing 411 S MT MT
良星99 Liangxing 99 MT T T 科农199 Kenong 199 S MT MT
临旱5089 Linhan 5089 MT T T 临抗5108 Linkang 5108 S MT MT
临旱6105 Linhan 6105 MT T T 鲁麦23 Lumai 23 S MT MT
鲁麦5号 Lumai 5 MT T T 农大135 Nongda 135 S MT MT
长4853 Chang 4853 MT T T 豫农949 Yunong 949 S MT MT
中大92-鉴49 Zhongda 92-Jian 49 MT T T 原冬834 Yuandong 834 S MT MT
中麦175 Zhongmai 175 MT T T Drysdale S MT S
晋麦47 Jinmai 47 MT T T 山农辐63 Shannongfu 63 S MT S
石家庄8号 Shijiazhuang 8 MT T T 石优20 Shiyou 20 S MT S
北农2号 Beinong 2 MT T MT 长6452 Chang 6452 S MT S
博爱7023 Bo'ai 7023 MT T MT 晋麦79 Jinmai 79 S MT HS
邯4589 Han 4589 MT T MT 早穗21 Zaosui 21 S MT HS
旱选1号 Hanxuan 1 MT T MT 冀麦1号 Jimai 1 S S MT
旱选2号 Hanxuan 2 MT T MT 临旱917 Linhan 917 S S MT
晋麦54 Jinmai 54 MT T MT 陇鉴196 Longjian 196 S S MT
晋麦57 Jinmai 57 MT T MT 鲁德1号 Lude 1 S S MT
陕合6号 Shaanhe 6 MT T MT 鲁麦14 Lumai 14 S S S
运旱102 Yunhan 102 MT T MT 京延85鉴28 Jingyan 85 Jian 28 S S S
运旱719 Yunhan 719 MT T MT 白糙麦 Baicaomai S S S
长6794 Chang 6794 MT T MT 农大3159 Nongda 3195 S S S
衡观35 Hengguan 35 MT T MT 石特14 Shite 14 S S HS
衡95观26 Heng 95 guan 26 MT MT HT 红良4号 Hongliang 4 S HS MT
淮沭10号 Huaishu 10 MT MT HT 京选25 Jingxuan 25 S HS MT
Salgemma MT MT T 新冬20 Xindong 20 S HS MT
大荔52 Dali 52 MT MT T 徐州21 Xuzhou 21 S HS MT
黑芒麦 Heimangmai MT MT T 豫麦2号 Yumai 2 S HS MT
衡7228 Heng 7228 MT MT T 京双2号 Jingshuang 2 S HS S
晋太102 Jintai 102 MT MT T 豫麦47 Yumai 47 S HS S
洛麦21 Luomai 21 MT MT T 豫麦8号 Yumai 8 S HS S
洛阳8628 Luoyang 8628 MT MT T 丰抗13 Fengkang 13 S HS HS
陕225-9 Shaan 225-9 MT MT T 运旱20410 Yunhan 20410 S HS HS
豫保1号 Yubao 1 MT MT T 中优9507 Zhongyou 9507 S HS HS
运旱618 Yunhan 618 MT MT T 小白麦 Xiaobaimai HS HT T
霸王鞭 Bawangbian MT MT T 石麦13 Shimai 13 HS T HT
白齐麦 Baiqimai MT MT MT 衡优18 Hengyou 18 HS T T
宝麦5号 Baomai 5 MT MT MT 漯麦8号 Luomai 8 HS T T
北京8686 Beijing 8686 MT MT MT 单R8108 Dan R8108 HS T T
昌乐5号 Changle 5 MT MT MT 长5259 Chang 5259 HS T MT
邯05-5092 Han 05-5092 MT MT MT 豫麦13 Yumai 13 HS T HS
邯6172 Han 6172 MT MT MT 铭贤169 Mingxian 169 HS MT HT
旱选11 Hanxuan 11 MT MT MT 科遗26 Keyi 26 HS MT T
衡136 Heng 136 MT MT MT 长治620 Changzhi 620 HS MT T
衡4399 Heng 4399 MT MT MT 单R8093 Dan R8093 HS MT MT
淮麦25 Huaimai 25 MT MT MT 葫芦头 Hulutou HS MT MT
济麦19 Jimai 19 MT MT MT 晋麦44 Jinmai 44 HS MT MT
冀麦30 jimai 30 MT MT MT 石麦18 Shimai 18 HS MT MT
晋麦39 Jinmai 39 MT MT MT 双丰收 Shuangfengshou HS MT MT
晋太114 Jintai 114 MT MT MT 新冬22 Xindong 22 HS MT MT
京核8922 Jinghe 8922 MT MT MT 燕大1817 Yanda 1817 HS MT S
临丰3号 Linfeng 3 MT MT MT 洛旱3号 Luohan 3 HS HS S
临旱935 Linhan 935 MT MT MT 西农688 Xinong 688 HS HS S
鲁麦15 Lumai 15 MT MT MT

附表1

续"

干旱处理
Drought treatment		 最大值
Maximum		 最小值
Minimum		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV
第1次干旱 First treatment 100.0 74.5 95.9 3.8 4.0
第2次干旱 Second treatment 95.0 0 58.1 21.2 36.5
第3次干旱 Third treatment 58.9 0 15.0 12.6 83.5
反复干旱 Compound 82.5 27.7 56.3 11.0 19.6

附表1

续"

产量性状
Yield trait		 干旱 Drought stress 灌水 Well watered 下降幅度 Decreased (%)
平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%) 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%)
单株穗数 SPP 7.0** 1.1 15.9 7.8 1.5 18.8 10.6
每穗小穗数 SNPP 19.0* 1.3 6.9 20.6 1.3 6.3 7.9
穗粒数 GNPS 38.0** 4.9 12.9 44.4 5.3 11.9 14.5
千粒重 TKW (g) 38.0** 4.8 12.5 43.3 5.1 11.8 12.2
单株产量 GY (g) 8.6** 1.8 20.3 9.9 2.3 22.7 13.0

附表1

续"

DS1 DS2 DS3 DS
DTCGY -0.045 -0.063 0.020 -0.038
DV -0.083 -0.044 0.028 -0.028

表1

反复干旱处理下供试材料的幼苗存活率"

干旱处理
Drought treatment		 最大值
Maximum		 最小值
Minimum		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV
第1次干旱 First treatment 100.0 74.5 95.9 3.8 4.0
第2次干旱 Second treatment 95.0 0 58.1 21.2 36.5
第3次干旱 Third treatment 58.9 0 15.0 12.6 83.5
反复干旱 Compound 82.5 27.7 56.3 11.0 19.6

图1

反复干旱过程土壤含水量及幼苗存活率变化 H2: 广义遗传力。"

图2

苗期抗旱性鉴定结果 HT: 强抗; T: 抗; MT: 中抗; S: 较敏感; HS: 敏感。"

表2

不同水分条件下供试材料的产量及其构成因素"

产量性状
Yield trait		 干旱 Drought stress 灌水 Well watered 下降幅度 Decreased (%)
平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%) 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%)
单株穗数 SPP 7.0** 1.1 15.9 7.8 1.5 18.8 10.6
每穗小穗数 SNPP 19.0* 1.3 6.9 20.6 1.3 6.3 7.9
穗粒数 GNPS 38.0** 4.9 12.9 44.4 5.3 11.9 14.5
千粒重 TKW (g) 38.0** 4.8 12.5 43.3 5.1 11.8 12.2
单株产量 GY (g) 8.6** 1.8 20.3 9.9 2.3 22.7 13.0

图3

成株期抗旱性鉴定结果 A: 基于单株产量抗旱系数的鉴定结果; B: 基于综合抗旱性度量值D的鉴定结果。HT: 强抗; T: 抗; MT: 中抗; S: 较敏感; HS: 敏感。"

图4

单株产量抗旱系数与综合抗旱性度量值D的相关性"

表3

苗期与成株期抗旱性相关系数"

DS1 DS2 DS3 DS
DTCGY -0.045 -0.063 0.020 -0.038
DV -0.083 -0.044 0.028 -0.028

图5

早洋麦与紫秆白芒先各产量构成因素的抗旱系数 SPP: 单株穗数; SNPP: 每穗小穗数; GNPS: 穗粒数; TKW: 千粒重。误差线为3次重复的标准差。**表示两品种在0.01水平差异显著。"

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