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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 1286-1292.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.94007

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

沟垄覆膜对连作马铃薯土壤酶活性、理化性状及产量的影响

要凯,赵章平,康益晨,张卫娜,石铭福,杨昕宇,范艳玲,秦舒浩()   

  1. 甘肃农业大学园艺学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-10 接受日期:2019-04-15 出版日期:2019-08-12 网络出版日期:2019-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 秦舒浩
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2023195594@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2018YFD020080308-1);国家自然科学基金项目(31260311);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1606RJZA034);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-09-P14)

Effects of ridge-furrow mulching on soil enzyme activity, physicochemical properties and yield in continuous cropping potato field

YAO Kai,ZHAO Zhang-Ping,KANG Yi-Chen,ZHANG Wei-Na,SHI Ming-Fu,YANG Xin-Yu,FAN Yan-Ling,QIN Shu-Hao()   

  1. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2019-01-10 Accepted:2019-04-15 Published:2019-08-12 Published online:2019-05-08
  • Contact: Shu-Hao QIN
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD020080308-1);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260311);the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(1606RJZA034);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-09-P14)

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摘要：

以当地主栽品种“新大坪”为试验材料, 采用大田定位试验, 研究了平畦不覆膜(CK)、平畦覆膜(T1)、全膜垄播(T2)、全膜沟播(T3)、半膜垄播(T4)、半膜沟播(T5) 6种栽培模式对连作马铃薯土壤酶活性、理化性状及产量的影响。结果表明, 沟垄覆膜栽培可不同程度提高马铃薯连作田土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性, 其中T2对3种酶活性的提高效果最为显著; 沟垄覆膜可降低土壤pH, 从而改善马铃薯根际土壤的理化性状, 且以T2对土壤化学性质的改善最为明显, 沟垄覆膜可不同程度提高土壤电导率; 此外, 沟垄覆膜栽培还可以显著提高马铃薯块茎的产量, 其中T2增产幅度最高可达75%。本研究以期为半干旱地区马铃薯连作障碍的克服及提高马铃薯产量提供理论依据。

关键词: 沟垄覆膜, 连作马铃薯, 土壤理化特性, 土壤酶活性, 产量

Abstract:

A local variety “Xindaping” was planted in the yield for three-year continuous cropping under six planting patterns, including flat plot without mulching (CK), flat plot with mulching (T1), planting on-ridge with full mulching (T2), planting on-furrow with full mulching (T3), planting on-ridge with half mulching (T4) and planting on-furrow with half mulching (T5). The catalase activity, urease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity were improved under T2, and ridge-furrow plastic-mulching planting pattern reduced soil pH. Especially, T2 has the most obvious effect on the improvement of physicochemical properties of potato rhizosphere soil, and the conductivity was raised by ridge-furrow mulching cultivation pattern. Compared with CK, ridge-furrow plastic-mulching planting pattern significantly increased potato yield, which was up to 75% in T2. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for overcoming potato continuous cropping obstacles and increasing potato yield in semi-arid areas.

Key words: ridge-furrow and film mulching, continuous cropping potato, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, yield

表1

试验地土壤化学性质"

土层
Soil depth (cm)		 pH 速效N
Available N (mg kg-1)		 速效P
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效K
Available K (mg kg-1)
0-5 8.3 10.5 12.9 346.8
5-10 8.4 11.8 11.1 327.3
10-30 8.3 10.9 4.4 240.2

图1

沟垄覆膜栽培模式示意图"

表2

沟垄覆膜连作种植马铃薯对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响"

处理
Treatment		 过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase activity (mL g-1)
2016-Jun-5 2016-Jul-10 2016-Aug-25 2017-Jun-5 2017-Jul-10 2017-Aug-25 2018-Jun-5 2018-Jul-10 2018-Aug-25
CK 24.60 b 20.75 a 20.48 a — 19.99 d 20.76 b 7.33 b 7.37 b 6.33 b
T1 21.33 d 20.69 a 19.85 b — 20.07 cd 20.77 b 10.00 b 8.70 b 6.80 b
T2 26.04 a 20.86 a 20.58 a — 20.33 a 21.08 a 17.00 a 13.33 a 12.00 a
T3 23.29 c 20.77 a 20.48 a — 20.16 bc 20.81 b 14.80 ab 13.00 ab 9.00 ab
T4 23.20 c 20.85 a 20.40 a — 20.20 abc 20.81 b 13.67 b 12.33 ab 11.00 a
T5 23.69 bc 20.69 a 20.47 a — 20.28 ab 20.83 b 12.67 b 11.67 ab 10.73 ab

表 3

沟垄覆膜连作种植马铃薯对土壤脲酶活性的影响"

处理
Treatment		 脲酶活性 Urease activity (mg g-1)
2016-Jun-5 2016-Jul-10 2016-Aug-25 2017-Jun-5 2017-Jul-10 2017-Aug-25 2018-Jun-5 2018-Jul-10 2018-Aug-25
CK 1.18 f 12.73 b 4.93 a — 2.67 b 3.44 e 3.84 c 7.04 b 1.73 a
T1 1.46 d 14.71 ab 4.78 a — 4.66 a 4.34 a 5.27 c 8.85 b 1.81 a
T2 6.09 a 16.52 a 6.98 a — 5.07 a 4.41 a 9.57 a 12.45 ab 2.68 a
T3 4.84 c 14.07 ab 5.80 a — 3.59 ab 4.02 c 9.07 a 9.46 bc 2.55 a
T4 5.13 b 15.23 ab 6.08 a — 5.11 a 4.16 b 6.55 b 13.40 a 2.49 a
T5 4.47 e 14.45 ab 5.68 a — 4.20 ab 3.73 d 8.93 a 10.31 abc 2.51 a

表4

沟垄覆膜连作种植马铃薯对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性的影响"

处理
Treatment		 碱性磷酸酶活性 Alkaline phosphatase activity (mg g-1)
2016-Jun-5 2016-Jul-10 2016-Aug-25 2017-Jun-5 2017-Jul-10 2017-Aug-25 2018-Jun-5 2018-Jul-10 2018-Aug-25
CK 20.47 d 19.97 a 25.13 a 32.75 a 22.23 a 32.49 b 20.61 b 20.52 a 23.64 b
T1 22.03 c 20.78 a 26.31 a 36.97 a 25.32 a 36.55 ab 24.45 ab 25.15 a 24.08 ab
T2 26.83 a 21.20 a 28.85 a 41.33 a 27.38 a 38.67 a 26.64 a 28.06 a 43.90 a
T3 24.15 b 20.07 a 25.90 a 35.58 a 26.17 a 36.22 ab 25.54 ab 23.96 a 37.44 ab
T4 26.65 a 21.61 a 27.48 a 39.04 a 27.21 a 38.44 a 23.27 ab 25.16 a 38.90 a
T5 20.91 d 21.74 a 26.63 a 38.73 a 26.08 a 34.06 ab 25.70 ab 23.49 a 32.68 ab

图2

2016-2017年沟垄覆膜连作种植马铃薯对土壤pH的影响 标以不同小写字母的柱值在0.05水平下不同处理差异显著, 误差线指标准误。处理同表2。"

图3

2016-2017年沟垄覆膜连作种植马铃薯对土壤电导率的影响 标以不同小写字母的柱值在0.05水平下不同处理差异显著, 误差线指标准误。处理同表2。"

图4

沟垄覆膜连作对马铃薯块茎产量的影响 标以不同小写字母的柱值在0.05水平下不同处理差异显著, 误差线指标准误。处理同表2。"

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