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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 2400-2408.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11075

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦花后穗部温度变化规律及其与产量的关系

王云奇(), 高福莉, 李傲, 郭同济, 戚留冉, 曾寰宇, 赵建云, 王笑鸽, 高国英, 杨佳鹏, 白金泽, 马亚欢, 梁月馨, 张睿*()   

  1. 西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西杨陵 712100
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-22 接受日期:2021-11-30 出版日期:2022-09-12 网络出版日期:2022-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 王云奇,张睿
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wyqay163@163.com第一联系人：

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省引进国内博士专项(F2020221004);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202010712146);中国博士后科学基金项目(2018M643749)

Variation of ear temperature after anthesis and its relationship with yield in wheat

WANG Yun-Qi(), GAO Fu-Li, LI Ao, GUO Tong-Ji, QI Liu-Ran, ZENG Huan-Yu, ZHAO Jian-Yun, WANG Xiao-Ge, GAO Guo-Ying, YANG Jia-Peng, BAI Jin-Ze, MA Ya-Huan, LIANG Yue-Xin, ZHANG Rui*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2021-08-22 Accepted:2021-11-30 Published:2022-09-12 Published online:2022-07-15
  • Contact: WANG Yun-Qi,ZHANG Rui
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    Special Support for the Introduction of Domestic Doctors in Shaanxi Province(F2020221004);Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(S202010712146);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643749)

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摘要：

小麦的体温是反映小麦生态生理状态的重要参数, 尽管目前已经从冠层温度的角度对小麦的体温进行了一系列研究, 但是小麦花后穗部温度变化规律及其与产量的关系尚不清楚。因此, 该研究以本课题筛选的抗旱性差异显著的6个品种为研究对象, 调查开花期、花后7、14、21和28 d及成熟期穗部温度, 测定穗光合对产量的贡献率、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重和产量。研究发现开花期强抗旱品种旗叶SPAD值显著高于弱抗旱品种; 不同品种穗部温度均表现出先降低而后升高的变化趋势, 强抗旱品种最低值小于弱抗旱品种, 且强抗旱品种和中抗旱品种最低值出现时间推迟1周左右; 强抗旱品种穗光合对产量的贡献率、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重和产量显著高于中抗旱品种和弱抗旱品种; 开花期旗叶SPAD值、花后7 d穗部温度与产量及产量要素呈现正相关关系, 而花后其他时期穗部温度与产量及产量要素有负相关关系, 且强抗旱品种的相关性强于弱抗旱品种。因此, 穗部温度可以作为抗旱高产品种选育的参考指标。该研究不仅丰富了小麦抗旱高产理论, 而且创新了小麦品种生理育种方法。

关键词: 穗部温度, 小麦, 抗旱性, 粒重, 产量

Abstract:

The wheat temperature is an important parameter to reflect the ecological and physiological state of wheat. A series of studies have been carried out on the temperature of wheat from the perspective of canopy temperature, but the relationship between the temperature of wheat ear after anthesis and its yield is still unclear. In the present study, six varieties with different drought resistance were selected as the research objects. The ear temperature of these varieties at flowering stage, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after flowering and mature stage was investigated, and the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per ear, and yield of each variety were determined. The results showed that flag leaf SPAD value of strong drought resistance varieties was significantly higher than that of weak drought resistance varieties at flowering stage. The lowest value of strong drought resistant varieties was lower than that of weak drought resistant varieties, and the occurrence time of strong drought resistant varieties and medium drought-resistant varieties was delayed about a week. The contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per ear, and yield of strong drought resistance varieties were significantly higher than those of medium drought-resistant varieties and weak drought resistance varieties. The flag leaf SPAD value at flowering stage and ear temperature at seven days after anthesis was positively correlated with yield and yield factors, while the ear temperature after anthesis was negatively correlated with yield and yield factors, and the correlation of strong drought resistant varieties was slightly higher than that of weak drought resistant varieties. Together, the ear temperature can be used as a reference index for breeding drought resistant and high yield varieties. This study not only enriches the theory of drought resistance and high yield of wheat, but also innovates the physiological breeding method of wheat varieties.

Key words: ear temperature, wheat, drought resistance, grain weight, yield

表1

品种和试验年份影响开花期旗叶SPAD值和花后穗部温度的方差分析"

F值
F-value		 SPAD值SPAD value 花后0 d
DAA0		 花后7 d
DAA7		 花后14 d
DAA14		 花后21 d
DAA21		 花后28 d
DAA28		 成熟期
Maturity
年份Year 20.90*** 195.19**** 162.54**** 207.64**** 1.90 73.84**** 7.43*
品种Cultivar 10.58**** 9.95**** 20.09**** 176.69**** 133.07**** 103.82**** 5.83**
年份×品种Year × Cultivar 2.55 9.79**** 6.64*** 28.53**** 40.16**** 52.17**** 1.97

图1

品种对不同试验年份开花期旗叶SPAD值影响 同年不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著; LSD为最小显著差(P < 0.05)。"

图2

品种对2017-2018 (A)和2018-2019 (B)花后穗部温度的影响 LSD为最小显著差(P < 0.05)。"

表2

品种和试验年份影响穗粒数、千粒重、穗光合对产量的贡献率、穗粒重和产量的方差分析"

F值
F-value		 穗粒数
GN		 千粒重
TGW		 穗光合对产量的贡献率
CEP		 穗粒重
GW		 产量
GY
年份Year 2.02 14.14** 0.05 5.40* 18.81***
品种Cultivar 10.48**** 38.74**** 41.93**** 20.94**** 42.88****
年份×品种Year × Cultivar 0.47 22.55**** 3.40* 1.19 2.64*

表3

品种和试验年份的交互效应对穗粒数、千粒重、穗光合对产量的贡献率、穗粒重和产量的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 穗粒数
GN		 千粒重
TGW (g)		 穗光合对产量的贡献率
CEP (%)		 穗粒重
GW (g)		 产量
GY (kg hm-2)
2017-2018 矮抗58 Aikang 58 40.33 a 48.96 a 35.97 ab 1.97 ab 10,395.3 ab
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 42.44 a 49.38 a 38.75 a 2.10 a 10,475.0 a
石4185 Shi 4185 38.57 ab 45.48 bc 33.71 ab 1.73 bc 10,095.1 bc
邯6172 Han 6172 39.10 ab 46.19 ab 32.25 b 1.80 abc 9360.2 cd
温麦6号Wenmai 6 37.33 ab 42.30 c 25.73 c 1.59 c 10,191.1 b
洛麦23 Luomai 23 34.33 b 33.73 d 28.51 d 1.16 d 9123.9 d
2018-2019 矮抗58 Aikang 58 42.58 a 44.81 b 34.82 b 1.91 b 10,295.4 a
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 44.07 a 49.58 a 38.21 a 2.19 a 10,432.4 a
石4185 Shi 4185 40.46 ab 44.14 b 31.60 c 1.79 b 9823.4 b
邯6172 Han 6172 41.59 a 45.21 b 29.08 cd 1.88 b 9649.5 b
温麦6号Wenmai 6 36.81 bc 48.93 a 27.32 de 1.80 b 9570.5 b
洛麦23 Luomai 23 33.71 c 43.84 b 24.94 e 1.48 c 8266.1 c

表4

品种和试验年份对穗粒数、千粒重、穗光合对产量的贡献率、穗粒重和产量的影响"

影响因素
Interfering factor		 处理
Treatment		 穗粒数
GN		 千粒重
TGW (g)		 穗光合对产量的贡献率
CEP (%)		 穗粒重
GW (g)		 产量
GY (kg hm-2)
年份Year 2017-2018 38.69 a 44.34 b 30.82 a 1.73 b 10,030.11 a
2018-2019 39.87 a 46.08 a 30.99 a 1.84 a 9672.88 b
品种 Cultivar 矮抗58 Aikang 58 41.46 ab 46.83 b 35.40 b 1.94 b 10,345.4 a
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 43.26 a 49.48 a 38.48 a 2.15 a 10,588.7 a
石4185 Shi 4185 39.52 bc 44.81 c 32.66 c 1.75 bc 9959.3 b
邯6172 Han 6172 40.35 ab 45.70 bc 30.66 c 1.84 bc 9639.8 c
温麦6号Wenmai 6 37.07 c 45.64 bc 26.53 d 1.69 c 9880.8 bc
洛麦23 Luomai 23 34.02 d 38.79 d 21.72 e 1.32 d 8695.0 d

表5

开花期SPAD值、花后穗部温度和产量的关系"

品种
Cultivar		 产量指标
Yield index		 开花期SPAD值
SPAD value		 花后0 d
DAA0		 花后7 d
DAA7		 花后14 d
DAA14		 花后21 d
DAA21		 花后28 d
DAA28		 成熟期穗部温度Maturity
强抗旱品种 穗粒数GN 0.74** -0.67* 0.32 -0.60* -0.20 0.17 -0.61*
DC 千粒重TGW 0.77** -0.89**** 0.60* -0.71** -0.28 0.21 -0.75**
穗光合对产量的贡献率CEP 0.79** -0.89**** 0.44 -0.80** -0.37 0.13 -0.77**
穗粒重GW 0.81** -0.84*** 0.48 -0.69* -0.26 0.19 -0.71**
产量GY 0.68* -0.77** 0.67* -0.52 -0.05 0.40 -0.64*
中抗旱品种 穗粒数GN 0.77** -0.67* -0.85*** -0.44 0.19 0.75** -0.13
MDC 千粒重TGW 0.39 0.41 0.53 0.73** -0.16 -0.07 0.94****
穗光合对产量的贡献率CEP 0.54 0.27 0.54 0.33 0.24 -0.01 0.39
品种
Cultivar		 产量指标
Yield index		 开花期SPAD值
SPAD value		 花后0 d
DAA0		 花后7 d
DAA7		 花后14 d
DAA14		 花后21 d
DAA21		 花后28 d
DAA28		 成熟期穗部温度Maturity
穗粒重GW 0.71** -0.47 -0.58* -0.07 0.17 0.60* 0.20
产量GY 0.61* 0.13 0.20 -0.28 -0.05 -0.24 -0.21
弱抗旱品种 穗粒数GN 0.60* -0.08 0.42 -0.62* -0.64* -0.62* -0.15
WDC 千粒重TGW 0.06 0.62* 0.84*** 0.29 -0.09 0.01 0.34
穗光合对产量的贡献率CEP 0.61* -0.13 0.51 -0.63* -0.73** -0.71** -0.38
穗粒重GW 0.50 0.14 0.66* -0.39 -0.58* -0.52 0.00
产量GY 0.73** 0.15 0.41 -0.57* -0.42 -0.38 -0.12
所有品种 穗粒数GN 0.45** -0.34* 0.14 -0.53*** -0.33* -0.23 -0.29
AC 千粒重TGW 0.47** -0.49** 0.23 -0.53*** -0.20 0.19 0.25
穗光合对产量的贡献率CEP 0.63**** -0.42* 0.30 -0.66**** -0.42* -0.19 -0.44**
穗粒重GW 0.53*** -0.46** 0.21 -0.60**** -0.32 -0.04 -0.31
产量GY 0.64**** 0.03 0.47* -0.32 -0.23 -0.12 -0.17
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