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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2879-2890.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12078

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

超级稻品种南粳5718高产的光合生理特性研究

魏晓东1(), 张亚东1, 宋雪梅1,2, 陈涛1, 朱镇1, 赵庆勇1, 赵凌1, 路凯1, 梁文化1, 赫磊1, 黄胜东1, 谢寅峰2, 王才林1,*()   

  1. 1江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 / 江苏省优质水稻工程技术研究中心 / 国家水稻改良中心南京分中心, 江苏南京 210014
    2南京林业大学 / 南方现代林业协同创新中心, 江苏南京210037
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-09 接受日期:2022-03-25 出版日期:2022-11-12 网络出版日期:2022-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 王才林
  • 作者简介:第一作者联系方式: E-mail: weiyinglin@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-67);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021301);江苏省科技服务专项(KF[20]1001);江苏省种业创新基金项目(PZCZ201703)

Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of high yield super rice variety Nanjing 5718

WEI Xiao-Dong1(), ZHANG Ya-Dong1, SONG Xue-Mei1,2, CHEN Tao1, ZHU Zhen1, ZHAO Qin-Yong1, ZHAO Ling1, LU Kai1, LIANG Wen-Hua1, HE Lei1, HUANG Sheng-Dong1, XIE Yin-Feng2, WANG Cai-Lin1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center / Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
    2Nanjing Forestry University / Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-11-09 Accepted:2022-03-25 Published:2022-11-12 Published online:2022-04-21
  • Contact: WANG Cai-Lin
  • Supported by:
    The Earmarked Fund of China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-01-67);The Jiangsu Key Research and Development Program(BE2021301);The Jiangsu Science and Technology Service Project(KF[20]1001);The Jiangsu Seed Industry Innovation Fund Project(PZCZ201703)

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摘要：

南粳5718是2019年通过江苏省审定的优良食味粳稻品种, 2021年被农业农村部确认为超级稻。研究其产量构成特点、光合特性及其生理基础, 有助于解析超级稻品种的光合特征并通过遗传改良提高水稻的光合性能, 为粳稻高产育种和栽培提供理论依据。本研究以南粳5718父母本及目前大面积推广的相同生育类型水稻品种淮稻5号为对照, 研究了南粳5718从孕穗始期剑叶全展时到开花后35 d植株地上部分干物重、剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、光系统II (PSII)的光化学特性、核心天线蛋白的表达量变化、光合酶活性变化、叶绿体超微结构等特性。结果表明, 南粳5718叶片色素含量高, 与父本盐粳608接近, 生育后期干物重、剑叶净光合速率、PSII电子传递活性显著高于父母本和淮稻5号, PSII光能转化性能优越, 核心天线蛋白CP43、CP47在强光高温下较稳定, 且调整能力优于父母本和淮稻5号, 剑叶中RuBP羧化酶活性较高, 光合同化产物含量高, 叶绿体结构稳定, 出现衰老特征晚, 叶绿体衰败速度慢。本研究表明超级稻南粳5718剑叶良好的光合性能是高产特性形成的基础, 光系统蛋白质的高活性和性能是提高叶片光合功能的主要因素, 叶绿体结构的稳定性是叶片高光效的有力保障。

关键词: 水稻, 高产, 光合生理, PSII, 叶绿体结构

Abstract:

Nanjing 5718 is a rice variety with good eating quality approved by Jiangsu province in 2019 and was confirmed as super rice by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs in 2021. Studying its yield composition characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, and physiological basis can be helpful to investigate photosynthetic traits of super rice variety, improve its photosynthetic performance through genetic improvement, and provide the theoretical basis for high-yield breeding and cultivation of japonica rice. In this study, the parents of Nanjing 5718 and Huaidao 5, a widely popularized rice variety with the same growth period type, as the control, dry weight of aboveground of plant, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rates, and photochemical characteristics of photosystem II (PSII), core antenna protein expression, photosynthetic enzyme activities, and chloroplast ultrastructure were investigated in Nanjing 5718 from full expansion of flag leaves at the beginning of booting to 35 days after flowering. The results showed the pigment contents of the leaves in Nanjing 5718 were higher, which were close to male parent Yanjing 608. The net photosynthetic rates, dry weight, and PSII electron transfer activities of flag leaves at the late growth stage were significantly higher in Nanjing 5718 than those in parents and Huaidao 5. The light energy conversion performance of PSII was superior. The core antenna protein CP43 and CP47 were more stable under strong light and high temperature, and their adjustment ability of Nanjing 5718 was better than that of parents and Huaidao 5. In addition, the activities of RuBP carboxylase in flag leaves were higher, the contents of photosynthetic products were higher, the chloroplast structure was more stable, the senescence characteristics appeared later, and the chloroplast decay rates were slower in Nanjing 5718, compared with parents and Huaidao 5. The results indicated that high photosynthetic performance of flag leaves was the basis for the formation of high yield characteristics of super rice Nanjing 5718 with large panicles. The great activity and function of photosystem proteins were main factors of improving leaf photosynthesis, and the stability of chloroplast structure could provide powerful support for high photosynthetic efficiency of leaves.

Key words: rice, high yield, photosynthetic physiological, PSII, chloroplast ultrastructure

表1

供试品种的产量性状"

品种
Variety		 穗数
No. of panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 实际产量
Harvest yield
(kg hm-2)
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718 351.0 a 143.3 a 88.9 ab 28.3 a 11,392.7 a
盐粳608 Yanjing 608 253.5 c 141.3 a 80.8 b 28.0 a 8982.9 c
宁7022 Ning 7022 319.8 b 112.4 b 91.9 a 27.4 a 10,692.0 b
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 362.7 a 118.8 b 84.2 b 25.7 b 9760.5 c

图1

不同生育时期茎叶重、穗干重和总干物重的品种间差异 * 表示与淮稻5号相比差异达0.05显著水平。"

图2

供试品种不同生育时期茎叶干重、穗干重和总干物重的变化 * 表示与淮稻5号相比差异达0.05显著水平。"

图3

南粳5718与其父母本和对照品种SPAD值和剑叶净光合速率的差异 * 表示与淮稻5号相比差异达0.05显著水平。"

图4

南粳5718与其父母本和对照品种在不同时期剑叶叶绿素荧光动力学参数的差异 ABS/RC: 单位反应中心吸收的光能, TR0/RC: 单位反应中心捕获的光能, ET0/RC: 单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量, DI0/RC: 单位反应中心耗散的能量, ABS/CS0: 单位截面吸收的光能, TR0/CS0: 单位截面捕获的光能, ET0/CS0: 单位截面用于电子传递的能量, DI0/CS0: 单位截面热耗散的能量, PIabs: 光合性能指数, Fv/Fm: 最大光化学效率. * 表示与淮稻5号相比差异达0.05显著水平."

图5

南粳5718与其父母本和对照品种在开花后21 d、花后35 d剑叶CP43和CP47蛋白表达量的比较 A: 不同品种剑叶CP43在花后21 d、花后35 d上午08:00、中午12:00、下午18:00蛋白表达量; B: 不同品种剑叶CP47在花后21 d、花后35 d上午08:00、中午12:00、下午18:00蛋白表达量。"

图6

南粳5718与其父母本和对照品种在花后21 d、花后35 d剑叶RuBp羧化酶活性和光合产物含量的比较 *表示南粳5718与其他品种相比在0.05水平上差异显著。"

图7

南粳5718及其亲本和对照品种在花后21 d和35 d剑叶叶绿体超微结构的比较 a: 南粳5718, 花后21 d; b: 盐粳608, 花后21 d; c: 宁7022, 花后21 d; d: 淮稻5号, 花后21 d; e: 南粳5718, 花后35 d; f: 盐粳608, 花后35 d; g: 宁7022, 花后35 d; h: 淮稻5号, 花后35 d; G: 基粒类囊体; ST: 基质类囊体; O: 噬锇滴。"

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