作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2879-2890.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12078
魏晓东1(
), 张亚东1, 宋雪梅1,2, 陈涛1, 朱镇1, 赵庆勇1, 赵凌1, 路凯1, 梁文化1, 赫磊1, 黄胜东1, 谢寅峰2, 王才林1,*(
)
WEI Xiao-Dong1(
), ZHANG Ya-Dong1, SONG Xue-Mei1,2, CHEN Tao1, ZHU Zhen1, ZHAO Qin-Yong1, ZHAO Ling1, LU Kai1, LIANG Wen-Hua1, HE Lei1, HUANG Sheng-Dong1, XIE Yin-Feng2, WANG Cai-Lin1,*(
)
摘要:
南粳5718是2019年通过江苏省审定的优良食味粳稻品种, 2021年被农业农村部确认为超级稻。研究其产量构成特点、光合特性及其生理基础, 有助于解析超级稻品种的光合特征并通过遗传改良提高水稻的光合性能, 为粳稻高产育种和栽培提供理论依据。本研究以南粳5718父母本及目前大面积推广的相同生育类型水稻品种淮稻5号为对照, 研究了南粳5718从孕穗始期剑叶全展时到开花后35 d植株地上部分干物重、剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、光系统II (PSII)的光化学特性、核心天线蛋白的表达量变化、光合酶活性变化、叶绿体超微结构等特性。结果表明, 南粳5718叶片色素含量高, 与父本盐粳608接近, 生育后期干物重、剑叶净光合速率、PSII电子传递活性显著高于父母本和淮稻5号, PSII光能转化性能优越, 核心天线蛋白CP43、CP47在强光高温下较稳定, 且调整能力优于父母本和淮稻5号, 剑叶中RuBP羧化酶活性较高, 光合同化产物含量高, 叶绿体结构稳定, 出现衰老特征晚, 叶绿体衰败速度慢。本研究表明超级稻南粳5718剑叶良好的光合性能是高产特性形成的基础, 光系统蛋白质的高活性和性能是提高叶片光合功能的主要因素, 叶绿体结构的稳定性是叶片高光效的有力保障。
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