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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1930-1941.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22037

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

齐穗后遮阴时长对西北稻区粳稻产量和品质的影响

邓艾兴1(), 李歌星1,2(), 吕玉平3, 刘猷红4, 孟英4, 张俊1,*(), 张卫建1   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京100081
    2河南农业大学农学院, 河南郑州450046
    3新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐830091
    4黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所, 黑龙江哈尔滨150086
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-14 接受日期:2022-11-25 出版日期:2023-07-12 网络出版日期:2022-12-26
  • 通讯作者: *张俊, E-mail: zhangjun@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:邓艾兴, E-mail: dengaixing@caas.cn
    李歌星, E-mail: 15993023318@163.com第一联系人：**同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(32071950);科技援疆计划项目(2021E02008);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300501)

Effect of shading duration after heading on grain yield and quality of japonica rice in northwest China

DENG Ai-Xing1(), LI Ge-Xing1,2(), LYU Yu-Ping3, LIU You-Hong4, MENG Ying4, ZHANG Jun1,*(), ZHANG Wei-Jian1   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    3Research Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
    4Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2022-06-14 Accepted:2022-11-25 Published:2023-07-12 Published online:2022-12-26
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhangjun@caas.cn
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071950);The Science and Technology Support Program of Xinjiang(2021E02008);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300501)

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摘要：

灌浆期光照强度对保障水稻产量和稻米品质至关重要。本研究以常规高产水稻品种(新稻41、吉粳88)和优质水稻品种(粮粳10号、吉粳515)作为研究对象, 以不遮阴作为对照, 于2018和2019年在新疆乌鲁木齐研究了齐穗后不同遮阴时长处理(遮阴10 d、20 d和持续遮阴)对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明, 齐穗后遮阴延长了水稻灌浆进程, 降低了结实率、千粒重和产量; 遮阴同时导致了籽粒直链淀粉含量显著降低, 蛋白质含量显著增加, 进而导致水稻垩白粒率和垩白度增加, 淀粉糊化特性和食味值变差。与不遮阴相比, 齐穗后遮阴10 d、20 d和持续遮阴处理2年平均水稻结实率和千粒重分别下降了3.5%、9.7%、11.1%和3.7%、7.1%、13.1%, 进而导致产量分别下降了11.3%、16.5%和31.7%。直链淀粉含量和食味值受齐穗后0~10 d遮阴的影响不大, 齐穗后遮阴20 d和持续遮阴处理较对照2年平均籽粒蛋白质含量分别增加了20.5%和30.8%, 直链淀粉含量降低了3.6%和4.6%, 崩解值和食味值分别降低了15.2%、26.1%和3.9%、7.7%。籽粒垩白粒率受齐穗后遮阴的影响因灌浆期背景光照强度而异, 2018年齐穗后遮阴10 d水稻垩白粒率增幅最大, 达152.1%, 2019年为齐穗后遮阴20 d增幅最大, 达345.5%。高产水稻品种对齐穗后遮阴时长的敏感程度大于优质水稻品种, 其结实率和千粒重下降幅度更大, 产量更易受遮阴的影响; 并且高产水稻品种垩白粒率增加幅度明显大于优质水稻品种, 导致其更易受遮阴影响。综上, 齐穗后20 d是遮阴影响稻米外观品质的关键时期, 且遮阴时长的影响取决于背景光照强度; 遮阴时间越长, 稻米蒸煮食味品质越差。本研究将为我国优质粳稻生产应对未来气候变化提供科学依据。

关键词: 水稻, 齐穗后遮阴, 产量, 品质, 气候变化

Abstract:

Light intensity at grain filling stage is an important ecological factor for high rice yield and quality. To investigate the effects of shading duration on yield and quality of two high yielding (Xindao 41, Jijing 88) and two good quality (Liangjing 10, Jijing 515) Japonica rice cultivars 10 days after heading (DAH10), 20 days after heading (DAH20), heading to maturity (DAHM), and no shading as the control (CK), this experiment was conducted in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that, shading after rice heading lengthened grain filling duration, and decreased the seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, and rice yield. The decreasing amylose content and increasing protein content under shading after heading led to an increase in chalky grain rate, degree of chalkiness, and worsened significantly paste property and taste value. Compared to CK, mean seed setting rate and thousand grain weight of DAH10, DAH20 and DAHM decreased by 3.5%, 9.7%, 11.1% and 3.7%, 7.1%, 13.1% respectively, leading to significant decrease in yield during the two years period by 11.3%, 16.5%, and 31.7%, respectively. There was no obvious influence of first ten-day shading after heading on grain amylose content and taste value. The protein content of DAH20 and DAHM in the two years increased by 20.5% and 30.8%, respectively, while amylose content decreased by 3.6% and 4.6%, respectively. This resulted in the decreasing breakdown and taste values by 15.2%, 26.1%, and 3.9%, 7.7% respectively. The effects of shading duration after heading on chalky grain rate varied with the local background light intensity. The increase of 152.1% chalky grain rate occurred in the first ten-day after heading in 2018, while the increase of 345.5% was observed 20 days after heading in 2019. High yield rice cultivars had more sensitivity to shading duration after heading compared to good quality rice cultivars. Decreases of grain filling rate and 1000-grain weight of the high yield cultivars reduced grain yield, while it led to higher chalkiness rate. In conclusion, 20 days of shading after rice heading was the key period to affect the appearance quality in rice, and the shading duration depended on the background light intensity. The longer the shading time, the worse the cooking quality of rice. This study provides a scientific basis for japonica rice production in the future climate change.

Key words: rice, shading after heading, yield, quality, climate change

图1

试验点生育期日平均温度、降水量(A)和太阳辐射量(B)"

表1

2018-2019年不同遮阴时长对水稻生育时期的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 2018 2019
播种-齐穗
Seeding-
Heading		 齐穗-成熟
Heading-
Maturity		 播种-成熟
Seeding-
Maturity		 播种-齐穗
Seeding-
Heading		 齐穗-成熟
Heading-
Maturity		 播种-成熟
Seeding-
Maturity
新稻41 CK 125 42 167 119 47 166
Xindao 41 DAH10 125 55 180 119 48 167
DAH20 125 61 186 119 50 169
DAHM 125 77 202 119 54 173
吉粳88 CK 120 43 163 118 47 165
Jijing 88 DAH10 120 48 168 118 49 167
DAH20 120 56 176 118 50 168
DAHM 120 70 190 118 54 172
粮粳10号 CK 125 43 168 121 47 168
Liangjing 10 DAH10 125 56 181 121 49 170
DAH20 125 61 186 121 54 175
DAHM 125 78 203 121 58 179
吉粳515 CK 114 46 160 118 47 165
Jijing 515 DAH10 114 51 165 118 49 167
DAH20 114 56 170 118 51 169
DAHM 114 72 186 118 54 172

表2

齐穗后不同遮阴时长对水稻产量及产量构成的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar name		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗
Effective panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Spikelet per panicle		 结实率
Seed setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)
2018 新稻41号 CK 516.2 a 79.7 b 87.2 a 26.0 a 9.4 a
Xindao 41 DAH10 508.0 a 83.2 ab 83.0 b 23.9 b 7.9 b
DAH20 486.6 a 84.1 ab 66.1 c 22.8 c 7.2 c
DAHM 512.9 a 95.1 a 59.6 d 21.3 d 5.1 d
吉粳88 CK 404.1 a 99.1 a 96.2 a 25.0 a 9.1 a
Jijing 88 DAH10 402.0 a 90.0 a 92.9 ab 24.3 b 7.3 b
DAH20 439.2 a 98.1 a 83.6 bc 23.5 c 7.1 b
DAHM 422.9 a 92.1 a 79.7 c 18.9 d 5.8 c
粮粳10号 CK 401.6 a 79.7 a 91.7 a 25.2 a 8.6 a
Liangjing 10 DAH10 408.2 a 79.4 a 92.2 a 24.6 ab 8.0 a
DAH20 427.1 a 79.5 a 87.7 b 24.0 b 7.3 b
DAHM 396.2 a 82.7 a 85.3 c 23.1 c 6.2 c
吉粳515 CK 342.9 a 90.7 a 96.3 a 25.4 a 8.3 a
Jijing 515 DAH10 364.9 a 88.2 a 93.9 a 25.1 a 7.8 b
DAH20 380.1 a 86.5 a 90.7 a 23.7 b 7.1 c
DAHM 366.3 a 85.5 a 73.2 b 22.9 c 6.7 d
2019 新稻41号 CK 477.5 98.8 a 97.1 a 24.3 a 9.1 a
Xindao 41 DAH10 452.8 a 107.4 a 92.6 b 23.2 ab 8.2 ab
DAH20 569.5 a 108.0 a 89.0 c 24.1 a 7.9 b
DAHM 557.1 a 95.4 a 92.5 b 21.2 b 5.3 c
吉粳88 CK 394.4 a 104.5 b 96.0 a 20.2 a 9.0 a
Jijing 88 DAH10 436.4 a 127.6 ab 92.6 b 20.1 a 7.4 b
DAH20 378.7 a 132.2 a 91.3 b 19.2 a 7.3 b
DAHM 408.9 a 127.6 ab 95.5 a 18.7 a 5.3 c
粮粳10号 CK 395.2 a 96.5 a 95.7 a 24.6 a 8.1 a
Liangjing 10 DAH10 382.6 a 99.9 a 92.8 a 24.6 a 7.9 ab
DAH20 334.8 a 100.1 a 85.5 b 22.0 a 7.4 ab
DAHM 413.2 a 89.8 a 92.8 a 22.0 a 7.0 b
吉粳515 CK 397.5 ab 112.1 a 95.5 a 22.6 a 8.5 a
Jijing 515 DAH10 409.5 a 103.3 a 89.0 b 20.3 b 7.7 b
DAH20 382.7 a 102.3 a 88.3 b 20.3 b 7.2 c
DAHM 397.9 a 100.8 a 93.0 a 19.8 b 6.5 d
方差分析ANOVA (P-value)
处理Treatment (T) 0.51 0.61 0.00** 0.00** 0.00**
品种Cultivar (C) 0.95 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.29
年份Year (Y) 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.03*
处理×品种 T×C 0.55 0.10 0.00** 0.01** 0.11
处理×年份 T×Y 0.71 0.11 0.00** 0.05* 0.00**
品种×年份 C×Y 0.10 0.19 0.00** 0.00** 0.53
处理×品种×年份 T×C×Y 0.05* 0.08 0.00** 0.00** 0.14

图2

齐穗后不同遮阴时长对水稻籽粒蛋白质含量(A)和直链淀粉含量(B)的影响 不同处理的缩写同表1。柱形图同一组数据上方的小写字母表示同一年同一水稻品种不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表3

齐穗后不同遮阴时长对水稻外观品质的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 2018 2019
垩白粒率
Chalky grain rate		 垩白度
Chalkiness		 垩白粒率
Chalky grain rate		 垩白度
Chalkiness
新稻41号 CK 2.4 c 0.6 c 1.9 d 0.6 c
Xindao 41 DAH10 9.8 a 2.8 a 6.9 b 2.7 a
DAH20 5.9 b 1.3 b 8.8 a 2.6 a
DAHM 0.9 d 0.2 c 4.1 c 1.4 b
吉粳88 CK 4.1 a 1.3 b 3.9 d 1.6 d
Jijing 88 DAH10 6.2 a 2.4 a 13.7 b 5.8 b
DAH20 5.5 a 2.6 a 28.6 a 15.4 a
DAHM 4.6 a 1.9 ab 7.8 c 3.9 c
粮粳10号 CK 3.2 a 0.8 a 4.6 c 1.5 c
Liangjing 10 DAH10 3.4 a 1.0 a 8.4 b 3.0 b
DAH20 3.3 a 0.8 a 13.0 a 4.8 a
DAHM 0.6 b 0.3 b 6.0 c 2.1 c
吉粳515 CK 4.9 b 1.7 b 8.3 d 3.2 d
Jijing 515 DAH10 17.4 a 8.7 a 21.9 b 10.5 b
DAH20 5.3 b 2.2 b 32.9 a 19.7 a
DAHM 6.1 b 2.8 b 13.7 c 7.3 c
方差分析ANOVA (P-value)
处理Treatment (T) 0.00** 0.00**
品种Cultivar (C) 0.00** 0.00**
年份Year (Y) 0.00** 0.00**
处理×品种 T×C 0.00** 0.00**
处理×年份 T×Y 0.00** 0.00**
品种×年份 C×Y 0.00** 0.00**
处理×品种×年份 T×C×Y 0.00** 0.00**

表4

齐穗后遮阴时长对水稻籽粒糊化特性和食味值的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 峰值黏度
Peak
viscosity
(cP)		 热浆黏度
Hot viscosity
(cP)		 崩解值
Breakdown
(cP)		 最终黏度
Final
viscosity
(cP)		 消减值
Setback
(cP)		 起始糊化温度
Pasting
temperature
(℃)		 食味值
Taste value
(%)
2018
新稻41号 CK 2636.7 a 1448.7 a 1188.0 a 2556.0 a -80.7 c 83.8 a 87.3 a
Xindao 41 DAH10 2387.7 b 1310.3 b 1077.3 a 2372.0 b -15.7 bc 88.3 a 86.7 a
DAH20 2114.3 c 1209.7 c 904.7 b 2230.3 c 116.0 ab 88.8 a 83.3 b
DAHM 2042.7 c 1134.3 d 908.3 b 2201.3 c 158.7 a 89.4 a 81.3 c
吉粳88 CK 2969.3 a 1560.7 a 1408.7 a 2823.3 a -146.0 c 73.1 b 87.0 a
Jijing 88 DAH10 2566.3 b 1381.7 b 1184.7 b 2515.7 b -50.7 b 82.2 a 84.7 b
DAH20 2476.3 b 1316.7 b 1159.7 b 2413.3 b -63.0 b 87.7 a 83.3 c
DAHM 2005.3 c 1101.3 c 904.0 c 2117.0 c 111.7 a 88.5 a 81.3 d
粮粳10号 CK 2421.7 a 1398.3 a 1023.3 a 2696.7 a 275.0 c 87.7 b 85.3 a
Liangjing 10 DAH10 2393.3 a 1338.7 a 1054.7 a 2601.3 a 208.0 d 88.0 b 86.3 a
DAH20 1955.0 b 1174.0 b 781.0 b 2346.0 b 391.0 b 89.9 a 83.0 b
DAHM 1558.7 c 994.7 c 574.3 c 2106.7 c 536.0 a 90.4 a 82.3 b
吉粳515 CK 2886.7 a 1654.0 a 1232.7 a 2888.0 a 1.3 b 73.1 b 86.3 a
Jijing 515 DAH10 2668.3 b 1549.0 b 1119.3 b 2677.7 b 9.3 b 77.9 ab 87.3 a
DAH20 2324.3 c 1338.7 c 985.7 c 2444.7 c 120.3 a 82.1 ab 82.0 b
DAHM 2140.3 d 1243.7 d 896.7 c 2301.3 d 161.0 a 88.6 a 80.7 b
2019
新稻41号 CK 3220.0 a 1783.5 a 1436.5 a 3117.7 a -102.3 c 88.9 a 87.3 a
Xindao 41 DAH10 3075.5 ab 1679.3 ab 1396.3 ab 3125.5 a 50.0 b 84.7 b 87.0 a
DAH20 2947.3 b 1653.3 b 1294.0 bc 3012.3 a 65.0 b 89.3 a 85.7 b
DAHM 2656.0 c 1449.0 c 1207.0 c 2959.3 a 303.3 a 90.4 a 81.3 c
吉粳88 CK 2991.0 a 1652.5 a 1338.5 a 3511.5 a 520.5 a 89.4 c 84.3 a
Jijing 88 DAH10 2906.0 a 1605.5 a 1300.5 a 3382.0 a 476.0 a 90.3 ab 85.0 a
DAH20 2625.7 b 1483.7 b 1142.0 b 3057.0 b 431.3 a 89.9 bc 80.3 b
DAHM 2236.0 c 1305.7 c 930.3 c 2666.3 c 430.3 a 90.7 a 75.0 c
粮粳10号 CK 3051.0 a 1798.3 a 1252.7 a 3502.0 a 451.0 a 89.0 b 86.3 a
Liangjing 10 DAH10 2891.7 ab 1734.0 a 1157.7 ab 3436.0 ab 544.3 a 89.6 b 85.7 a
DAH20 2767.0 b 1713.7 a 1053.3 bc 3362.5 b 595.5 a 89.5 b 83.0 b
DAHM 2320.0 c 1401.5 b 918.5 c 3001.2 c 681.2 a 91.1 a 75.7 c
吉粳515 CK 2674.0 a 1524.7 a 1149.3 ab 3187.3 a 513.3 a 89.5 a 86.0 a
Jijing 515 DAH10 2818.0 a 1605.0 a 1213.0 a 3129.0 a 311.0 b 79.0 b 84.7 b
DAH20 2720.0 a 1535.7 a 1184.3 ab 3080.0 a 360.0 ab 89.1 a 82.7 c
DAHM 2467.3 b 1396.0 b 1071.3 b 2739.7 b 272.3 b 88.3 a 79.0 d
方差分析ANOVA (P-value)
处理Treatment (T) 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0**
品种Cultivar (C) 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0**
年份Year (Y) 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0**
处理×品种 T×C 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.08 0**
处理×年份 T×Y 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.09
品种×年份 C×Y 0.00** 0.01** 0.00** 0.02* 0.00** 0.07 0**
处理×品种×年份 T×C×Y 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0.00** 0**

表5

主要稻米品质间相关系数"

指标
Index		 食味值
Taste quality		 蛋白质
Protein		 直链淀粉
Amylose content		 垩白粒率Chalky grain rate 垩白度
Chalkiness		 峰值黏度
Peak
viscosity		 热浆黏度
Hot
viscosity		 崩解值
Breakdown		 最终黏度
Final
viscosity		 消减值
Setback
蛋白质
Protein		 -0.932**
直链淀粉
Amylose content		 0.475** -0.503**
垩白粒率
Chalky grain rate		 -0.110 0.206* -0.591**
垩白度
Chalkiness		 -0.160 0.262** -0.595** 0.983**
峰值黏度
Peak viscosity		 0.521** -0.507** -0.338** 0.235* 0.188
热浆黏度
Hot viscosity		 0.462** -0.442** -0.419** 0.263** 0.209* 0.954**
崩解值
Breakdown		 0.533** -0.526** -0.216* 0.180 0.147 0.948** 0.810**
最终黏度
Final viscosity		 0.223* -0.260* -0.632** 0.334** 0.288** 0.827** 0.899** 0.667**
消减值
Setback		 -0.443** 0.357** -0.571** 0.212* 0.206* -0.147 0.052 -0.345** 0.434**
起始糊化温度
Pasting temperature		 -0.368** 0.345** -0.267** -0.024 -0.018 -0.271** -0.214* -0.304** 0.032 0.492**
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