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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 2886-2901.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21085

所属专题： 小麦：遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦旗叶形态相关性状全基因组关联分析

王睿1,2, 任毅1,2, 程宇坤1,2, 王伟1,2,3, 张志辉1,2, 耿洪伟1,2,*   

  1. 1新疆农业大学农学院 / 新疆农业大学优质专用麦类作物工程技术研究中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    2新疆小麦产业体系创新团队, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    3安阳工学院计算机科学与信息工程系, 河南安阳 455000
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-26 接受日期:2023-04-17 出版日期:2023-11-12 网络出版日期:2023-05-05
  • 通讯作者: 耿洪伟, E-mail: hw-geng@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 506829570@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆自治区重点研发任务专项项目(2022B02001-3)

Genome-wide association analysis of morphological traits of flag leaf in wheat

WANG Rui1,2, REN Yi1,2, CHENG Yu-Kun1,2, WANG Wei1,2,3, ZHANG Zhi-Hui1,2, GENG Hong-Wei1,2,*   

  1. 1College of Agronomy / Special High Quality Triticeae Crops Engineering and Technology Research Center, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Xinjiang Wheat Industry System Innovation Team, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    3Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
  • Received:2022-12-26 Accepted:2023-04-17 Published:2023-11-12 Published online:2023-05-05
  • Supported by:
    Special Project of Key Research and Development Task of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(2022B02001-3)

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摘要：

小麦旗叶是进行光合作用的主要功能叶, 对产量有着重要贡献。为了解小麦旗叶形态的遗传机制, 挖掘旗叶形态相关性状的候选基因, 本研究采用300份小麦品种(系), 结合90K SNP基因芯片对5种环境下正常灌溉(NI)和干旱胁迫(DS)条件下的旗叶长、宽、面积进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明, 旗叶长、宽、面积在2种水分处理下表现出显著差异(P<0.05), 在不同的环境下表现出丰富的表型变异, 变异系数为0.07~0.23。全基因组关联分析(genome- wide association study, GWAS)结果显示, 共检测到37个与旗叶长、宽、面积显著相关的稳定遗传位点, 分布于1D、2A、2B、3A、3D、4A、5A、5B、6A、6B、7A、7B染色体上, 单个SNP位点可解释遗传变异为3.70%~9.05%, 其中正常灌溉下检测到22个稳定遗传位点, 干旱胁迫下检测到15个稳定遗传位点。2种处理下共同检测到的稳定遗传位点有8个, 位于2B、3A、5A、6A、7A、7B染色体上。在2B、3A、6A、7A染色体上检测到5个同时与多个性状相关联的稳定遗传位点。对稳定遗传且贡献率较大的标记处进行单倍型分析, 发现与旗叶长显著相关的Kukri_ c1406_275 (R2=9.05%)标记存在FLL-Hap1、FLL-Hap2和FLL-Hap3三种单倍型, 与旗叶面积显著相关的wsnp_ bq170165A_Ta_1_1 (R2=7.88%)标记同样存在FLA-Hap1、FLA-Hap2和FLA-Hap3三种单倍型。结合表型分析, 在300份冬小麦品种(系)中含有FLL-Hap1 (出现频率为77.78%)或FLL-Hap2 (18.89%)单倍型品种(系)的旗叶长显著高于含有FLL-Hap3 (3.33%)单倍型品种(系)的旗叶长, 含有FLA-Hap1 (48.19%)单倍型品种(系)的旗叶面积显著高于含有FLA-Hap2 (30.80%)或FLA-Hap3 (21.01%)单倍型品种(系)的旗叶面积(P<0.05)。不同单倍型在不同冬小麦品种(系)中分布不同, 单倍型FLL-Hap1在国外品种(系)占比较大, 单倍型FLL-Hap2、FLL-Hap3分别在北部冬麦区和西南冬麦区占比较大。单倍型FLA-Hap1和FLA-Hap2分别在西南冬麦区和北部冬麦区出现频率较高, 单倍型FLA-Hap3在所有冬麦区无较高出现频率。对多环境下检测到的稳定遗传位点进行候选基因挖掘, 筛选出5个与旗叶形态相关的候选基因, 这些候选基因可作为旗叶相关性状重要基因。

关键词: 小麦, 旗叶形态性状, 全基因组关联分析, 单倍型, 候选基因

Abstract:

The flag leaf of wheat is the primary functional leaf for photosynthesis and contributes significantly to yield. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the genetic process of flag leaf morphology and identify the candidate genes for flag leaf morphology-related features. We combined 90K SNP gene chips and 300 wheat varieties (lines) for genome-wide association analysis of flag leaf length, width, and area under normal irrigation (NI), and drought stress (DS) conditions in five environments. The results showed that flag leaf length, width, and area exhibited significant differences between the two moisture treatments and displayed rich phenotypic variation with the coefficients of variation ranging from 0.07-0.23 in different environments (P<0.05). Moreover, genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed that a total of 37 stable genetic loci were significantly associated with flag leaf length, width, and area. These loci were distributed on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7A, and 7B, with individual SNP loci explaining 3.70%-9.05% of the genetic variation, including 22 stable genetic loci detected under normal irrigation and 15 stable genetic loci detected under drought stress. Eight stable genetic loci at the same time detected under both water treatments were discovered on chromosomes 2B, 3A, 5A, 6A, 7A, and 7B, while the five stable genetic loci related by several traits were simultaneously detected on chromosomes 2B, 3A, 6A, and 7A. By analyzing haplotypes at markers with stable inheritance and high contribution, it was found that the Kukri_c1406_275 (R2=9.05%) marker was significantly associated with flag leaf length, with three haplotypes of FLL-Hap1, FLL-Hap2, and FLL-Hap3, and the wsnp_bq170165A_Ta_1_1 (R2=7.88%) marker was also detected in three haplotypes, FLA-Hap1, FLA-Hap2, and FLA-Hap3. In combination with phenotypic analysis, the flag leaf length of 300 winter wheat varieties (lines) containing FLL-Hap1 (77.78% frequency of occurrence) or FLL-Hap2 (18.89%) haplotypes was significantly higher than that of FLL-Hap3 (3.33%) haplotypes. The flag leaf area was significantly higher in haplotypes containing FLA-Hap1 (48.19%) than in haplotypes containing FLA-Hap2 (30.80%) or FLA-Hap3 (21.01%) (P<0.05). Different haplotypes were distributed differently in different winter wheat varieties (lines). Haplotype FLL-Hap1 was more frequently distributed in foreign varieties (lines), while haplotypes FLL-Hap2 and FLL-Hap3 were more frequently distributed in the northern winter wheat region and the southwestern winter wheat region, respectively. Haplotypes FLA-Hap1 and FLA-Hap2 were more frequently distributed in the southwestern winter wheat region and the northern winter wheat region, respectively, while haplotypes FLA-Hap3 were no more frequently distributed in all winter wheat regions. Searching for stable genetic loci under both water treatments yielded and screening of five candidate genes associated with flag leaf morphology, which could be used as the important genes for flag leaf-related traits.

Key words: wheat, morphological characters of flag leaf, genome-wide association analysis, haplotype, candidate genes

表1

不同环境下群体表型变异统计分析"

性状
Trait		 环境
Environment		 处理
Treatment		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均数
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis
旗叶长
FLL (cm)		 E1 NI 11.27 23.87 17.51 a 2.37 0.14 0.12 ‒0.32
DS 10.76 24.08 16.54 b 2.27 0.14 0.40 0.17
E2 NI 9.82 24.57 16.82 a 3.02 0.18 0.46 ‒0.19
DS 9.29 26.05 15.90 b 2.79 0.18 0.49 0.41
E3 NI 14.48 24.41 19.77 a 1.53 0.08 ‒0.03 0.17
DS 13.44 23.37 18.22 b 1.55 0.09 0.20 ‒0.05
E4 NI 12.84 23.12 18.26 a 1.41 0.08 ‒0.22 0.69
DS 12.08 22.55 17.07 b 1.71 0.10 0.20 ‒0.53
BLUE NI 14.09 25.92 18.85 a 1.97 0.10 0.43 0.19
DS 12.61 22.74 16.93 b 1.75 0.10 0.51 0.17
旗叶宽
FLW (cm)		 E1 NI 0.89 1.81 1.43 a 0.14 0.10 ‒0.20 0.26
DS 0.86 1.79 1.38 b 0.13 0.09 ‒0.06 0.72
E2 NI 0.87 1.69 1.32 a 0.13 0.10 0.17 0.04
DS 0.93 1.65 1.30 b 0.13 0.10 0.00 ‒0.07
E3 NI 1.28 2.08 1.73 a 0.13 0.07 ‒0.45 0.62
DS 1.23 2.00 1.66 b 0.12 0.08 ‒0.21 0.64
E4 NI 1.20 2.01 1.59 a 0.11 0.07 ‒0.05 0.45
DS 1.17 2.00 1.57 b 0.13 0.08 0.28 0.74
BLUE NI 1.19 1.84 1.51 a 0.10 0.07 ‒0.13 0.41
DS 1.19 1.83 1.48 b 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.05
旗叶面积
FLA (cm2)		 E1 NI 10.58 28.30 19.38 a 3.50 0.18 0.12 ‒0.36
DS 9.53 28.68 17.62 b 3.28 0.19 0.56 0.27
E2 NI 8.99 29.59 17.01 a 3.99 0.23 0.71 0.28
DS 8.30 28.89 15.99 b 3.65 0.23 0.72 0.56
E3 NI 15.62 35.55 26.41 a 2.98 0.11 0.12 0.71
DS 12.76 31.29 23.35 b 2.92 0.13 0.04 0.44
E4 NI 14.96 30.80 22.36 a 2.59 0.12 0.13 0.26
DS 11.91 32.90 20.67 b 3.65 0.18 0.48 0.31
BLUE NI 14.75 29.77 21.29 a 2.56 0.12 0.40 0.21
DS 13.90 27.45 19.40 b 2.64 0.14 0.58 0.14

表2

不同环境下群体表型方差分析"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variance		 平方和
SS		 均方
MS		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value		 遗传力
h2
FLL 基因型 Genotype (G) 16,768.48 56.08 9.26 1×10‒5 0.77
环境 Environment (E) 19,735.89 6578.63 1085.89 1×10‒5
基因型×环境 G×E 13,444.44 15.01 2.48 1×10‒5
FLW 基因型 Genotype (G) 71.96 0.24 10.52 1×10‒5 0.85
环境 Environment (E) 198.12 66.04 2886.16 1×10‒5
基因型×环境 G×E 35.80 0.04 1.75 1×10‒5
FLA 基因型 Genotype (G) 42,619.36 142.54 7.11 1×10‒5 0.75
环境 Environment (E) 138,568.38 46,189.46 2302.74 1×10‒5
基因型×环境 G×E 37,193.72 41.51 2.07 1×10‒5

图1

300份小麦品种(系)群体结构分析 A: 群体的ΔK值; B: 主成分分析图; C: 群体结构示意图。"

图2

不同处理下BLUE值的旗叶形态的曼哈顿图和Q-Q图 A: 正常灌溉旗叶长; B: 干旱胁迫旗叶长; C: 正常灌溉旗叶宽; D: 干旱胁迫旗叶宽; E: 正常灌溉旗叶面积; F: 干旱胁迫旗叶面积。"

表3

SNP-GWAS检测到的旗叶形态显著相关的稳定遗传的位点"

性状
Trait		 标记名称
Marker name		 环境
Environment		 处理Treatment 染色体
Chr.		 位置
Position (Mb）		 P值
P-value		 贡献率
R2 (%)		 先前已报道位点
Previously reported
QTL
FLL BS00067711_51 E1/E2/BLUE NI 2A 36.93 2.61E‒04-5.69E‒04 4.09-4.57
Tdurum_contig82812_213 E3/E4 NI 2A 74.11-78.33 2.17E‒04-9.46E‒04 3.81-4.72 Qfll2A-1[31]
Excalibur_c11863_289 E1/E2/BLUE DS 2B 157.69 2.45E‒04-8.93E‒04 6.87-8.40
IACX6324 E1/BLUE DS 2B 747.18 1.37E‒04-4.85E‒04 4.26-4.96 qFll-2B.1[11]
wsnp_Ex_c18747_27625264 E1/E2//E4/BLUE NI 3A 645.09-652.03 4.43E‒04-8.60E‒04 4.57-6.84
wsnp_Ex_c18747_27625264 E2/E3/BLUE DS 3A 645.09-646.85 4.02E‒04-8.05E‒04 3.94-4.28
RAC875_c10194_673 E1/E2/BLUE NI 3A 683.07-686.13 1.12E‒04-7.50E‒04 3.90-5.04 Qfla-3A[26]
wsnp_Ku_c42416_50159250 E3/E2/BLUE NI 5A 610.22-617.98 2.51E‒04-7.17E‒04 5.15-5.72 EPQFll.nau-5A[12]
BS00022378_51 E1/E2/BLUE NI 5A 663.91-664.48 4.76E‒06-9.50E‒04 4.71-7.17
BS00022378_51 E1/E2/ BLUE DS 5A 663.91-664.48 4.76E‒06-9.69E‒04 3.74-7.17
BobWhite_c8266_227 E2/BLUE NI 5A 698.51 8.40E‒06-5.90E‒04 4.12-6.75
BobWhite_c8266_227 E2 /BLUE DS 5A 698.51 5.31E‒05-2.61E‒04 4.66-5.75
RFL_Contig2206_1694 E4/ BLUE DS 6A 600.45-608.12 2.25E‒05-9.64E‒04 3.87-6.45
tplb0059j12_800 E1/E2 /BLUE DS 6B 186.70-188.19 1.94E‒04-7.95E‒04 3.94-4.71
Kukri_c1406_275 E1/E2/BLUE NI 7A 538.69-546.04 6.50E‒07-7.75E‒04 3.95-9.05
Kukri_c1406_275 E3/BLUE DS 7A 546.04 1.63E‒04-4.01E‒04 4.40-6.13
GENE-4898_208 E1/E2/BLUE NI 7A 567.58-572.87 1.67E‒05-7.72E‒04 3.78-6.42
CAP7_rep_c5949_55 E1/BLUE NI 7A 709.12-709.89 3.27E‒04-4.89E‒04 4.27-4.52
BS00067530_51 E3/E4/ NI 7B 648.92-648.93 2.70E‒05-9.32E‒04 5.00-7.72
BS00067530_51 E1/BLUE DS 7B 648.11-648.93 2.40E‒04-4.70E‒04 4.10-5.60
BobWhite_c14966_231 E1/BLUE NI 7B 693.00 1.23E‒04-4.36E‒04 4.36-5.20 Qfll7B-1[31]
FLW CAP12_c46_333 E3/BLUE NI 1D 15.32 8.92E‒06-7.96E‒04 4.14-7.45
Ra_c19501_1510 E2/BLUE NI 2B 11.19-14.83 7.15E‒04 3.96-5.02
Kukri_c783_1833 E1/BLUE DS 3D 418.39 4.35E‒05-3.65E‒04 4.38-5.79
BS00023151_51 E1/E2/BLUE NI 4A 606.59 2.74E‒04-7.94E‒04 3.97-4.82
Tdurum_contig29319_256 E3/BLUE NI 5B 558.41-558.42 1.99E‒05-6.10E‒04 4.11-6.56
BS00023192_51 E1/E2/BLUE NI 6A 13.81-18.71 3.90E‒04-9.76E‒04 3.79-5.82
RFL_Contig2206_1694 E2//BLUE NI 6A 600.45-602.71 3.36E‒04-9.64E‒04 3.87-4.45
RFL_Contig2206_1694 E2/BLUE DS 6A 600.45 2.25E‒05-1.31E‒04 5.17-6.45
tplb0024a09_2028 E1/BLUE NI 7A 42.50-46.97 7.89E‒04-8.19E‒04 3.90-4.13
Tdurum_contig66023_89 E3/E4 DS 7A 719.58-724.12 8.43E‒06-7.80E‒04 4.23-7.30 Qfla7A-1[31]
FLA Ra_c19501_1510 E1/BLUE DS 2B 7.91-11.19 5.92E‒05-7.84E‒04 3.94-6.77
wsnp_Ex_c18747_27625264 E1/E2/BLUE NI 3A 645.09-646.85 2.26E‒05-8.13E‒04 3.85-6.42
RAC875_c10194_673 E1/E2/BLUE NI 3A 683.07 4.93E‒04-9.55E‒04 3.70-4.13 Qfla-3A[26]
wsnp_bq170165A_Ta_1_1 E1/E2/BLUE NI 7A 553.39-553.99 9.01E‒05-8.84E‒04 3.81-7.88
wsnp_bq170165A_Ta_1_1 E4/BLUE DS 7A 553.39-553.99 2.11E‒04-2.96E‒04 4.50-4.80
Tdurum_contig66023_89 E3/E4 DS 7A 721.92 3.32E‒06-1.22E‒04 5.29-7.62 Qfla7A-1[31]

图3

与旗叶性状相关单倍型分析 A: 7A染色体上Kukri_c1406_275和wsnp_bq170165A_Ta_1_1标记关联的连锁区域; B: 不同麦区中Kukri_c1406_275标记的3个单倍型分布频率; C: 不同麦区中wsnp_bq170165A_Ta_1_1标记的3个单倍型分布频率; NWWR: 北部冬麦区; FV: 国外品种(系); YHFWWR: 黄淮冬麦区; SWWR: 西南冬麦区; MLYWWR: 长江中下游冬麦区。"

表4

表型结合单倍型结果的统计分析"

性状
Trait		 标记名称
Marker name		 单倍型
Haplotype		 等位基因
Allele		 频率
Frequency (%)		 平均值 Mean
NI (cm) DS (cm)
FLL Kukri_c1406_275 FLL-Hap1 AT 77.78 18.89 a 16.93 a
FLL-Hap2 AC 18.89 18.94 a 17.16 a
FLL-Hap3 GC 3.33 17.43 b 15.29 b
FLA wsnp_bq170165A_Ta_1_1 FLA-Hap1 GA 48.19 22.21 a 20.35 a
FLA-Hap3 AA 21.01 21.27 b 19.45 b
FLA-Hap2 GG 30.80 19.80 c 17.73 c

表5

筛选获得候选基因信息"

染色体
Chr.		 位点
Marker name		 处理Treatment 性状
Trait		 物理位置
Position
(Mb)		 基因
Gene		 基因注释或编码蛋白
Gene annotation or coding protein
2B IACX6324 DS FLL 744.68 TraesCS2B01G548800 2-酮戊二酸(2OG)和Fe(II)依赖性加氧酶超家族蛋白
2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein
3A RAC875_c10194_673 NI FLL, FLA 686.74 TraesCS3A01G446100 F-box家族蛋白
F-box family protein
5B Tdurum_contig29319_256 NI FLW 557.70 TraesCS5B01G379500 GDSL酯酶/脂肪酶
GDSL esterase/lipase
6A RFL_Contig2206_1694 NI/DS FLL, FLW 603.18 TraesCS6A01G385500 Myb转录因子家族蛋白
Myb family transcription factor family
protein
7A wsnp_bq170165A_Ta_1_1 NI/DS FLA 554.49 TraesCS7A01G379000 F-box家族蛋白
F-box family protein
7B BS00067530_51 NI/DS FLL 648.13 TraesCS7B01G382400 F-box家族蛋白
F-box family protein
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