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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (02): 238-252.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00238

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Spikelet and Grain Positions on Grain Weight and Protein Content of Different Wheat Varieties

LI Hao-Sheng1,CAO Xin-You1,SONG Jian-Min1,LIU Peng2,CHEN Dun-Gong1,LIU Ai-Feng1,WANG Can-Guo1,LIU Jian-Jun1,*,SUN Zheng-Juan1   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; 2Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, China.
  • Received:2016-01-22 Revised:2016-07-27 Online:2017-02-12 Published:2016-11-25
  • Contact: 刘建军, E-mail: ljjsaas@163.com E-mail:lihaosheng810@163.com
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Founding of China (31271635), Shandong Provincial Innovation Project for Key Technologies (2014GJJS0201-1), China Agriculture Research System (CARS-03-1-8), and the Yong Talents Training Program of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

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Abstract:

Wheat seeds are developed in a spatial-temporal order resulting in different grain weights and protein contents in different positions of spike. Dissecting the position effect of grain weight and protein content is helpful to go into the mechanism of yield and quality formation. This study was carried out in the 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 winter wheat seasons with four varieties in three quality types. The dynamic changes of grain weight, protein accumulation and protein content were measured according to spikelet–grain position. Variations of grain weight and protein accumulation affected by spikelet–grain position were greater than those by environment (year) or genotype. Variation of protein content affected by environment was larger than that by genotype or spikelet–grain position, however, the spikelet–grain position was the first affecting factor at maturity stage. Large-grain variety was more sensitive to environment, whereas, small-grain variety was relatively stable. During grain filling, the protein content of strong-gluten wheat was higher than that of medium-gluten wheat, and influenced greatly by filling stage and environment. The single grain weight, protein content, and protein accumulation of superior grains were significantly higher than those of inferior grains during the grain-filling period, and the mid-position grains were significantly superior to the upper- and lower-position grains. However, the difference between mid- and lower-position grains became smaller with the filling process, until no significant difference in protein content at maturity stage (36 days after flowering). The dynamics of single grain weight and protein accumulation showed an “S” curve of slow–fast-slow changing trend and the dynamics of protein content showed a “V” curve, in spite of genotype or spikelet–grain position. During late filling stage, the supervisor grains in mid- and lower-positions, as well as inferior grains in lower-position had faster increase of protein content than grains in other positions. For grain weight, the maximum growth rate appeared at 18–21 days after flowering, and the rapid growth period appeared at 12–26 days after flowering. For grain protein, the maximum accumulation rate appeared at 21–24 days after flowering, and the fast accumulation period was from 13 to 32 days after flowering. It is concluded that moderate grain size and floret number are important for high-yield and high-quality wheat breeding, and an appropriate increase of the mid- and lower-position grains may accelerate grain-filling speed at 13–26 days after flowering.

Key words: Spikelet–grain position, Single grain weight, Protein content, Protein accumulation

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