开花期干旱胁迫对鲜食糯玉米产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01205

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence of water deficit at flowering stage (tasseling silking stage) on yield and quality of fresh waxy maize (harvest at 23 d after silking), the fresh ear/grain yield and kernel components, pasting and thermal properties were measured using Suyunuo 5 and Yunuo 7. The soil moisture content was controlled by negative-pressure water supply and controlling pot device, and the relative soil moisture content for control and drought treatments was 80% and 60%, respectively. The drought at flowering stage decreased grain number, weight and volume, leading to the yield loss of fresh ear and grain. Under water deficit condition, grain starch content was increased, while protein content was increased in Yunuo 7 and unchanged in Suyunuo 5. For protein components, globulin contents was not affected by drought, while albumin, zein and glutenin contents were decreased when plants suffered water deficit at flowering stage. The starch granule size was reduced by drought for both varieties in both years, while starch iodine binding capacity for both varieties was decreased in 2015 and not affected in 2014 by drought. The peak, trough and final viscosities of grains were increased in Yunuo 7 and decreased in Suyunuo 5. Under drought condition, the grain peak gelatinization temperatures were decreased, retrogradation enthalpy and percentage were increased, while gelatinization enthalpy was only increased in Yunuo 7 in 2014. In conclusion, drought at flowering stage decreases fresh ear/grain yield, increases grain starch content, decreases protein content, starch granule size and the proportion of long chains in amylopectin, and increases the grain retrograde, while viscosities in response to water deficit are dependent on varieties (increases in Yunuo 7 and decreases in Suyunuo 5).

Key words: fresh waxy maize, water deficit at flowering stage, yield, quality

Long-Jian SHI,Zhang-Rong WEN,Shi-Bo ZHANG,Jue WANG,Wei-Ping LU,Da-Lei LU. Effects of Water Deficit at Flowering Stage on Yield and Quality of Fresh Waxy Maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(8): 1205-1211.

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	鲜籽粒重Fresh grain weight (mg)	干籽粒重 Dry grain weight (mg)	鲜籽粒体积 Fresh grain volume (μL)	每穗粒数 Grain number	鲜果穗产量 Fresh ear yield (g plant^-1)	鲜籽粒产量 Fresh grain yield (g plant^-1)	籽粒含水率 Grain moisture content (%)
2014
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	对照Control	241.4 d	97.8 d	230.0 c	490.0 ab	158.0 c	118.2 cd	59.5 c
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	干旱Drought	241.6 d	94.6 de	216.7 d	438.7 bc	142.9 d	105.9 d	60.8 b
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	对照Control	276.4 b	97.1 d	260.0 b	490.0 ab	178.9 b	135.5 b	64.9 a
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	干旱Drought	258.4 c	90.3 e	250.0 b	443.3 bc	159.6 c	114.6 cd	65.1 a
2015
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	对照Control	285.4 b	122.7 b	260.0 b	428.7 c	160.6 c	122.3 bc	57.0 e
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	干旱Drought	249.9 cd	108.0 c	226.7 cd	345.3 d	136.2 d	86.3 e	56.8 e
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	对照Control	322.1 a	133.7 a	273.3 a	521.3 a	230.7 a	167.9 a	58.5 d
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	干旱Drought	279.7 b	111.9 c	253.3 b	455.3 bc	171.8 bc	127.3 bc	60.0 c

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	清蛋白 Albumin	球蛋白Globulin	谷蛋白 Zein	醇溶蛋白 Glutenin	蛋白质 Protein	淀粉 Starch
2014
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	对照Control	12.9 a	4.8 ab	25.9 a	21.0 b	90.7 a	550.9 d
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	干旱Drought	10.1 d	5.4 a	21.3 b	18.2 c	89.9 a	621.9 b
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	对照Control	11.5 b	4.5 b	18.7 cd	24.5 a	79.0 b	571.8 cd
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	干旱Drought	10.4 d	4.7 ab	15.7 e	23.8 a	67.9 e	646.7 a
2015
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	对照Control	12.7 a	1.8 c	16.3 de	12.5 e	77.6 bc	559.5 d
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	干旱Drought	12.6 a	1.9 c	14.2 ef	11.1 ef	76.6 cd	581.8 cd
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	对照Control	12.7 a	2.1 c	19.8 bc	14.1 d	75.3 d	562.5 cd
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	干旱Drought	11.0 c	2.1 c	12.8 f	10.4 f	68.8 e	604.4 bc

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	峰值黏度 PV (cP)	谷值黏度 TV (cP)	崩解值 BD (cP)	终值黏度 FV (cP)	回复值 SB (cP)	糊化温度 P_temp(°C)
2014
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	对照Control	569 e	555 e	14 e	829 e	275 b	77.3 bc
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	干旱Drought	482 f	472 f	10 e	672 f	201 cd	78.1 ab
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	对照Control	769 d	708 d	61 d	975 cd	267 b	76.9 c
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	干旱Drought	1188 b	982 a	207 b	1438 a	457 a	75.0 d
2015
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	对照Control	764 d	711 d	53 d	938 d	227 c	77.9 ab
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	干旱Drought	744 d	687 d	57 d	864 e	177 d	78.8 a
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	对照Control	913 c	809 c	104 c	1007 c	198 cd	78.7 a
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	干旱Drought	1306 a	923 b	383 a	1112 b	189 d	77.5 bc

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	热焓值 ΔH_gel(J g^-1)	起始温度 T_o(°C)	峰值温度 T_p(°C)	终值温度 T_c(°C)	回生热焓值 ΔH_ret(J g^-1)	回生值 %R (%)
2014
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	对照Control	9.6 ab	73.4 a	78.1 a	84.5 a	2.5 b	26.5 c
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	干旱Drought	9.6 ab	73.1 b	77.6 b	83.6 bc	3.2 a	33.9 a
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	对照Control	8.8 b	72.9 c	77.6 b	84.4 a	1.8 c	20.6 d
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	干旱Drought	10.3 a	72.8 c	77.2 c	83.3 c	3.1 ab	29.9 bc
2015
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	对照Control	10.0 a	72.8 c	77.9 a	84.1 ab	3.3 a	32.7 ab
苏玉糯5号 Suyunuo 5	干旱Drought	10.3 a	72.4 d	77.0 c	83.8 bc	3.5 a	34.5 a
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	对照Control	9.6 ab	71.2 e	75.9 d	82.1 d	3.1 ab	32.2 ab
渝糯7号 Yunuo 7	干旱Drought	9.4 ab	71.1 e	75.6 e	82.4 d	3.3 a	35.3 a

Effects of Water Deficit at Flowering Stage on Yield and Quality of Fresh Waxy Maize

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