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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1411-1429.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01411

• RESEARCH NOTE • Previous Articles    

Relationship between Grain Moisture and Maize Mechanical Harvesting Qualities in Dry Highland of Loess Plateau

Ting-Lu FAN1,*(),Shu-Ying WANG1,Chuang-Ye XU2,Shang-Zhong LI1,Jia-Xi WANG2,Ke-Ru WANG3,Gang ZHAO1,Wan-Li CHENG1,Jian-Jun ZHANG1,Lei WANG1,Yi DANG1   

  1. 1 Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Water Efficient Use in Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2 Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Pingliang 744000, Gansu, China
    3 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-01-12 Accepted:2018-06-12 Online:2018-09-10 Published:2018-06-30
  • Contact: Ting-Lu FAN E-mail:fantinglu3394@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-55);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100206);Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503214)

Abstract:

Grain harvesting is a key process in whole mechanization of maize, and grain breakage and ear and kenenal losses have attracted more and more attention, therefore studying on maize mechanical harvesting qualities and its related factors has very important practical significance for promoting maize grain harvesting techniques in dryland. From 2016 to 2017, 33 maize varieties were used under full film mulched ridge-furrow planting system at Pingliang, Jingchuan county to harvest grain with Futian leiwo Ceres harvester for determining relationship between grain harvesting qualities and grain moisture. Grain harvesting qualities highly depended on maize genotypes, the average values were 26.05% in grain moisture content, 7.47% in grain broken rate, 2.58% in ear loss rate, 1.04% in impurity rate, and 3.25% in total grain loss rate. Grain broken rate (Y1) and total grain yield loss rate (Y2) were significantly and positively correlated with grain moisture content (X), expressing as Y1 = 0.027X 2-0.987X+14.06 (R 2 = 0.373 **, n = 51) and Y2 = 0.052X 2-2.223X+24.86 (R 2 = 0.418 **, n = 51). When grain moisture content declined to 18.3% in Y1 and 21.4% in Y2, grain breakage rate and grain loss reduced to minimum value of 5.1% and 1.1%, respectively. When the suitable grain moisture for mechanical harvesting was 18%-22% in the broken rate was in a range of 5.0%-5.5%. In a certain range of grain moisture content, grain broken rate and grain loss rate increased with the increase of grain moisture content. Effect of grain moisture on ear loss rate was higher than that on kernel loss rate, and the increasing extent of ear loss rate along with grain moisture was much higher than that of kernel loss rate. The effect of problem factors in maize mechanical harvesting on total grain loss was era loss rate > grain moisture > broken rate, showing that high grain moisture content and high ear loss are main factors affecting maize mechanical harvesting qualities in dryland.

Key words: dryland maize, grain harvest, harvest quality, grain moisture, grain broken rate, grain loss

Table 1

Rainfall distribution during maize growing period of April to September in 2016 and 2017"

月份
Month

10-day
降水量 Rainfall (mm)
2016 2017
4月 Apr. 上旬 The first 10-day of a month 7.1 18.9
中旬 The middle 10-day of a month 20.6 2.2
下旬 The last 10-day of a month 0.3 0
5月 May 上旬 The first 10-day of a month 12.3 35.5
中旬 The middle 10-day of a month 15.4 13.1
下旬 The last 10-day of a month 15.4 13.3
6月 June 上旬 The first 10-day of a month 21.3 63.6
中旬 The middle 10-day of a month 2.4 23.9
下旬 The last 10-day of a month 27.4 12.1
7月 July 上旬 The first 10-day of a month 12.3 14.3
中旬 The middle 10-day of a month 128.6 20.5
下旬 The last 10-day of a month 30.8 2.1
8月 Aug. 上旬 The first 10-day of a month 0.2 17.9
中旬 The middle 10-day of a month 0 86.8
下旬 The last 10-day of a month 78.6 85.3
9月Sept. 上旬 The first 10-day of a month 5.1 9.0
中旬 The middle 10-day of a month 20.5 5.0
下旬 The last 10-day of a month 0 8.3

Table 2

Observed values of maize grain harvesting qualities and the statistical description in different genotypes"

测试指标
Variability
品种数
No.
平均数Avg. 最大值
Max.
最大值对应品种
Varieties matched
for the max.
最小值Min. 最小值对应品种
Varieties matched
for the min.
极差Range 变异系数CV
(%)
2016
产量 Yield (kg hm-2) 24 11292.0 14137.5 新玉47 Xinyu 47 9462.0 陇单9号Longdan 9 4675.5 15.79
籽粒水分Grain moisture (%) 24 25.51 30.52 敦玉328 Dunyu 328 18.44 KWS3376 12.08 10.52
破碎率Broken rate (%) 24 7.75 14.72 KWS3376 3.88 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 10.84 36.96
杂质率Impurity rate (%) 24 1.52 4.47 京科968 Jingke 968 0.43 KWS3376 4.04 63.93
落粒损失Kernel loss (kg hm-2) 24 15.45 52.7 陕单609 Shaandan 609 1.05 豫玉22 Yuyu 22 51.6 79.13
落粒损失率Kernel loss rate (%) 24 0.14 0.53 陕单609 Shaandan 609 0.01 豫玉22 Yuyu 22 0.52 83.8
落穗损失Ear losses (kg hm-2) 24 151.5 666.8 新玉41 Xinyu 47 46.35 西蒙6号 Ximeng 6 620.4 105.11
落穗损失率Ear loss rate (%) 24 1.40 6.44 新玉41 Xinyu 47 0.42 西蒙6号 Ximeng 6 6.02 109.36
总损失Total grain loss (kg hm-2) 24 166.9 667.8 新玉41 Xinyu 47 49.50 西蒙6号 Ximeng 6 618.3 93.44
损失率Grain loss rate (%) 24 1.66 6.45 新玉41 Xinyu 47 0.44 西蒙6号 Ximeng 6 6.01 —
2017
产量Yield (kg hm-2) 27 12426.0 14220.0 敦玉15 Dunyu 15 9922.5 九洋528 Jiuyang 528 4297.5 9.50
籽粒水分Grain moisture (%) 27 26.53 31.72 豫玉22 Yuyu 22 21.71 先玉335 Xianyu 335 10.01 11.02
破碎率Broken rate (%) 27 7.23 10.52 敦玉15 Dunyu 15 4.21 M753 11.01 24.31
杂质率Impurity rate (%) 27 0.62 2.13 豫玉22 Yuyu 22 0.12 九洋528 Jiuyang 528 2.01 79.17
落粒损失Kernel loss (kg hm-2) 27 117.60 214.1 陕单650 Shaandan 650 31.1 新玉41 Xinyu 41 183.0 43.59
落粒损失率Kernel loss rate (%) 24 0.96 1.92 京科968 Jingke 968 0.26 先玉335 Xianyu 335 1.66 49.79
落穗损失Ear loss (kg hm-2) 27 451.95 1029.2 郑单958 Zhengdan 58 83.9 九玉M03 Jiuyu M03 945.3 60.69
落穗损失率Ear loss rate (%) 27 3.62 7.98 郑单958 Zhengdan 58 0.73 九玉M03 Jiuyu M03 7.25 58.56
总损失Total grain loss (kg hm-2) 27 568.7 1101.0 郑单958 Zhengdan 58 117.3 先玉335 Xianyu 335 983.7 45.96
损失率Grain loss rate (%) 27 4.66 8.54 郑单958 Zhengdan 58 0.91 先玉335 Xianyu 335 7.63 —
27 26.53 31.72 0.91

Table 3

Correlation coefficient among grain moisture content, broken rate, impurity rate and grain loss rate"

籽粒水分
Grain moisture content
破碎率
Grain broken rate
杂质率
Impurity rate
落粒损失量
Grain loss
落穗损失量
Ear loss
2016
破碎率Grain broken rate 0.657***
杂质率Impurity rate 0.547** 0.453*
落粒损失量Grain loss 0.035NS -0.166NS 0.086NS
落穗损失量Ear loss 0.339* 0.073NS -0.089NS -0.297NS
总损失量Total grain loss 0.351* 0.062NS -0.084NS -0.225NS 0.997***
2017
破碎率Grain broken rate 0.734***
杂质率Impurity rate 0.299NS 0.024NS
落粒损失量Grain loss 0.083NS 0.652*** 0.329NS
落穗损失量Ear loss 0.736*** 0.095NS -0.009NS -0.337NS
总损失量Total grain loss 0.816*** 0.703*** 0.343NS -0.159NS 0.983***

Fig. 1

Relationship between grain broken rate and grain moisture content"

Fig. 2

Relationship between grain impurity and grain moisture content"

Fig. 3

Relationship between grain loss and grain moisture content"

Fig. 4

Relationship of ear loss and kernel loss with grain moisture content"

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