黄土高原旱作玉米籽粒水分与机械粒收质量的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01411

Abstract

Abstract:

Grain harvesting is a key process in whole mechanization of maize, and grain breakage and ear and kenenal losses have attracted more and more attention, therefore studying on maize mechanical harvesting qualities and its related factors has very important practical significance for promoting maize grain harvesting techniques in dryland. From 2016 to 2017, 33 maize varieties were used under full film mulched ridge-furrow planting system at Pingliang, Jingchuan county to harvest grain with Futian leiwo Ceres harvester for determining relationship between grain harvesting qualities and grain moisture. Grain harvesting qualities highly depended on maize genotypes, the average values were 26.05% in grain moisture content, 7.47% in grain broken rate, 2.58% in ear loss rate, 1.04% in impurity rate, and 3.25% in total grain loss rate. Grain broken rate (Y₁) and total grain yield loss rate (Y₂) were significantly and positively correlated with grain moisture content (X), expressing as Y₁= 0.027X ²-0.987X+14.06 (R ² = 0.373 ^**, n = 51) and Y₂= 0.052X ²-2.223X+24.86 (R ² = 0.418 ^**, n = 51). When grain moisture content declined to 18.3% in Y₁ and 21.4% in Y₂, grain breakage rate and grain loss reduced to minimum value of 5.1% and 1.1%, respectively. When the suitable grain moisture for mechanical harvesting was 18%-22% in the broken rate was in a range of 5.0%-5.5%. In a certain range of grain moisture content, grain broken rate and grain loss rate increased with the increase of grain moisture content. Effect of grain moisture on ear loss rate was higher than that on kernel loss rate, and the increasing extent of ear loss rate along with grain moisture was much higher than that of kernel loss rate. The effect of problem factors in maize mechanical harvesting on total grain loss was era loss rate > grain moisture > broken rate, showing that high grain moisture content and high ear loss are main factors affecting maize mechanical harvesting qualities in dryland.

Key words: dryland maize, grain harvest, harvest quality, grain moisture, grain broken rate, grain loss

Ting-Lu FAN,Shu-Ying WANG,Chuang-Ye XU,Shang-Zhong LI,Jia-Xi WANG,Ke-Ru WANG,Gang ZHAO,Wan-Li CHENG,Jian-Jun ZHANG,Lei WANG,Yi DANG. Relationship between Grain Moisture and Maize Mechanical Harvesting Qualities in Dry Highland of Loess Plateau[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(9): 1411-1429.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Observed values of maize grain harvesting qualities and the statistical description in different genotypes"

测试指标 Variability	品种数 No.	平均数Avg.	最大值 Max.	最大值对应品种 Varieties matched for the max.	最小值Min.	最小值对应品种 Varieties matched for the min.	极差Range	变异系数CV (%)
2016
产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)	24	11292.0	14137.5	新玉47 Xinyu 47	9462.0	陇单9号Longdan 9	4675.5	15.79
籽粒水分Grain moisture (%)	24	25.51	30.52	敦玉328 Dunyu 328	18.44	KWS3376	12.08	10.52
破碎率Broken rate (%)	24	7.75	14.72	KWS3376	3.88	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	10.84	36.96
杂质率Impurity rate (%)	24	1.52	4.47	京科968 Jingke 968	0.43	KWS3376	4.04	63.93
落粒损失Kernel loss (kg hm^-2)	24	15.45	52.7	陕单609 Shaandan 609	1.05	豫玉22 Yuyu 22	51.6	79.13
落粒损失率Kernel loss rate (%)	24	0.14	0.53	陕单609 Shaandan 609	0.01	豫玉22 Yuyu 22	0.52	83.8
落穗损失Ear losses (kg hm^-2)	24	151.5	666.8	新玉41 Xinyu 47	46.35	西蒙6号 Ximeng 6	620.4	105.11
落穗损失率Ear loss rate (%)	24	1.40	6.44	新玉41 Xinyu 47	0.42	西蒙6号 Ximeng 6	6.02	109.36
总损失Total grain loss (kg hm^-2)	24	166.9	667.8	新玉41 Xinyu 47	49.50	西蒙6号 Ximeng 6	618.3	93.44
损失率Grain loss rate (%)	24	1.66	6.45	新玉41 Xinyu 47	0.44	西蒙6号 Ximeng 6	6.01	&#x02014;
2017
产量Yield (kg hm^-2)	27	12426.0	14220.0	敦玉15 Dunyu 15	9922.5	九洋528 Jiuyang 528	4297.5	9.50
籽粒水分Grain moisture (%)	27	26.53	31.72	豫玉22 Yuyu 22	21.71	先玉335 Xianyu 335	10.01	11.02
破碎率Broken rate (%)	27	7.23	10.52	敦玉15 Dunyu 15	4.21	M753	11.01	24.31
杂质率Impurity rate (%)	27	0.62	2.13	豫玉22 Yuyu 22	0.12	九洋528 Jiuyang 528	2.01	79.17
落粒损失Kernel loss (kg hm^-2)	27	117.60	214.1	陕单650 Shaandan 650	31.1	新玉41 Xinyu 41	183.0	43.59
落粒损失率Kernel loss rate (%)	24	0.96	1.92	京科968 Jingke 968	0.26	先玉335 Xianyu 335	1.66	49.79
落穗损失Ear loss (kg hm^-2)	27	451.95	1029.2	郑单958 Zhengdan 58	83.9	九玉M03 Jiuyu M03	945.3	60.69
落穗损失率Ear loss rate (%)	27	3.62	7.98	郑单958 Zhengdan 58	0.73	九玉M03 Jiuyu M03	7.25	58.56
总损失Total grain loss (kg hm^-2)	27	568.7	1101.0	郑单958 Zhengdan 58	117.3	先玉335 Xianyu 335	983.7	45.96
损失率Grain loss rate (%)	27	4.66	8.54	郑单958 Zhengdan 58	0.91	先玉335 Xianyu 335	7.63	&#x02014;
	27	26.53	31.72		0.91

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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月份 Month	旬 10-day	降水量 Rainfall (mm)
月份 Month	旬 10-day	2016	2017
4月 Apr.	上旬 The first 10-day of a month	7.1	18.9
	中旬 The middle 10-day of a month	20.6	2.2
	下旬 The last 10-day of a month	0.3	0
5月 May	上旬 The first 10-day of a month	12.3	35.5
	中旬 The middle 10-day of a month	15.4	13.1
	下旬 The last 10-day of a month	15.4	13.3
6月 June	上旬 The first 10-day of a month	21.3	63.6
	中旬 The middle 10-day of a month	2.4	23.9
	下旬 The last 10-day of a month	27.4	12.1
7月 July	上旬 The first 10-day of a month	12.3	14.3
	中旬 The middle 10-day of a month	128.6	20.5
	下旬 The last 10-day of a month	30.8	2.1
8月 Aug.	上旬 The first 10-day of a month	0.2	17.9
	中旬 The middle 10-day of a month	0	86.8
	下旬 The last 10-day of a month	78.6	85.3
9月Sept.	上旬 The first 10-day of a month	5.1	9.0
	中旬 The middle 10-day of a month	20.5	5.0
	下旬 The last 10-day of a month	0	8.3

	籽粒水分 Grain moisture content	破碎率 Grain broken rate	杂质率 Impurity rate	落粒损失量 Grain loss	落穗损失量 Ear loss
2016
破碎率Grain broken rate	0.657^***
杂质率Impurity rate	0.547^**	0.453^*
落粒损失量Grain loss	0.035^NS	-0.166^NS	0.086^NS
落穗损失量Ear loss	0.339^*	0.073^NS	-0.089^NS	-0.297^NS
总损失量Total grain loss	0.351^*	0.062^NS	-0.084^NS	-0.225^NS	0.997^***
2017
破碎率Grain broken rate	0.734^***
杂质率Impurity rate	0.299^NS	0.024^NS
落粒损失量Grain loss	0.083^NS	0.652^***	0.329^NS
落穗损失量Ear loss	0.736^***	0.095^NS	-0.009^NS	-0.337^NS
总损失量Total grain loss	0.816^***	0.703^***	0.343^NS	-0.159^NS	0.983^***

Relationship between Grain Moisture and Maize Mechanical Harvesting Qualities in Dry Highland of Loess Plateau

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