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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1822-1831.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12021

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comparison of grain heavy metal concentration between main and ratoon seasons of ratoon rice

YUAN Shen(), PENG Shao-Bing()   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2021-03-26 Accepted:2021-10-20 Online:2022-07-12 Published:2021-11-15
  • Contact: PENG Shao-Bing E-mail:syuan@mail.hzau.edu.cn;speng@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061143038);Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (Rice, CARS-01-20)

Abstract:

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution in rice has caused global concern. Ratoon rice has been traditionally practiced and is becoming more attractive to farmers. However, information on grain heavy metal concentration of ratoon rice is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate grain Cd and As concentrations of ratoon rice and to explore the differences in grain Cd and As concentrations between main and ratoon seasons. In this study, we determined Cd and As concentrations of rice grain in main and ratoon seasons, which were collected from farmers’ fields in 12 sample plots of Hubei province in 2016. In comparison with that of main season, grain Cd of ratoon season increased and decreased in 5 and 3 out of 12 sample plots, respectively, whereas there was no significant difference in grain Cd between main and ratoon seasons in the rest of 4 sample plots. Rice ratooning significantly reduced grain As contamination of ratoon season compared with main season in all sample plots. Grain As of ratoon season across 12 sample plots was between 68.6-147.4 μg kg-1, which was 36.5%-77.4% lower than that of main season. Notably, grain As of ratoon season in 12 sample plots were lower than that of the corresponding national standard (GB2762-2012). Overall, these results indicated that grain heavy metal contamination might occur in both main and ratoon seasons of ratoon rice. This study suggested that more research on the effects of rice variety, environment, crop management especially water management and/or their interactions on grain heavy metal concentration needs to be conducted for reducing grain heavy metal concentration of ratoon rice.

Key words: arsenic, cadmium, main season, ratoon season, ratoon rice

Fig. 1

Locations of 12 sample plots Map data are from the National Platform for Common GeoSpatial Information Services (http://www.tianditu.gov.cn/). ● indicate sample plots, including Qichun, Wuxue, Xishui, Tuanfeng, Huangzhou, Xianning, Honghu, Jianli, Jiangling, Jingzhou, Shashi, and Zhijiang."

Table 1

Rice varieties and fertilizer application rates in 12 sample plots"

序号
No.
采样点
Sample plot
水稻品种
Rice variety
氮磷钾施用量
N-P-K rate (kg hm-2)
1 蕲春Qichun 两优6326 Liangyou 6326 300-40-180
2 武穴Wuxue 黄华占 Huanghuazhan 322-40-184
3 浠水Xishui 深两优5814 Shenliangyou 5814 280-38-121
4 团风Tuanfeng 准两优199 Zhunliangyou 199 261-26-50
5 黄州Huangzhou 新两优223 Xinliangyou 223 347-52-100
6 咸宁Xianning 准两优608 Zhunliangyou 608 277-29-149
7 洪湖Honghu 丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1 246-24-57
8 监利Jianli 丰优9918 Fengyou 9918 226-34-103
9 江陵Jiangling 丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1 201-34-143
10 荆州Jingzhou 天两优616 Tianliangyou 616 229-34-103
11 沙市Shashi 丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1 187-36-106
12 枝江Zhijiang 两优33 Liangyou 33 338-26-62

Fig. 2

Daily precipitation during ratoon rice growing period from sowing of main season to maturity of ratoon season in 12 sample plots Data on precipitation are from the National Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the USA (NOAA)."

Fig. 3

Grain cadmium (Cd) concentration of main and ratoon seasons in 12 sample plots Dotted blue line represents the food standard limit of 200 μg Cd kg-1 for rice in China (GB2762-2012). Means followed by different uppercase letters are significantly different between main and ratoon seasons on average at P < 0.05 according to LSD. Different lowercase letters above the bars in each sample plot indicate significant difference between main and ratoon seasons in each sample plot at P < 0.05 according to LSD."

Fig. 4

Grain arsenic (As) concentration of main and ratoon seasons in 12 sample plots Dotted blue line represents the food standard limit of 200 μg As kg-1 for rice in China (GB2762-2012). Means followed by different uppercase letters are significantly different between main and ratoon seasons on average at P < 0.05 according to LSD. Different lowercase letters above the bars in each sample plot indicate significant difference between main and ratoon seasons in each sample plot at P < 0.05 according to LSD."

Table 2

Correlations of grain cadmium (Cd) concentration of main and ratoon seasons with climatic conditions and soil physical and chemical properties"

季节
Season
降雨量
Precipitation
最高温
Tmax
最低温
Tmin
黏土比例
Clay
沙土比例
Sand
pH 土壤容重
Bulk density
阳离子交换量
CEC
头季 Main -0.02ns 0.20ns 0.39ns 0.63* -0.36ns -0.51ns -0.38ns 0.29ns
再生季 Ratoon -0.16ns 0.02ns 0.24ns 0.38ns -0.56* 0.58* 0.25ns 0.36ns
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