豆科作物轮作强化农田生态系统功能的研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34195

Abstract

Abstract:

Although intensive agriculture plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security, the conflict between its environmental costs and sustainable development is becoming increasingly prominent. Legume inclusion into agroecosystem is vital for improving soil health, enhancing agroecosystem stability, and achieving resource utilization efficiency. This paper provides a systematic summary of the main effects of the legume-based rotation on crop production and soil function as follows: 1) Legume enhance soil nitrogen (N) content through biological N fixation, high-quality rhizosphere exudates input, and straw incorporation, resulting in positive legacy effects. This, in turn, benefits the subsequent crop yields, particularly in agroecosystems with low soil fertility. 2) Although the biological N fixation of legumes poses the risk of increasing CO₂ emissions, it can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by reducing N fertilization in the rotation. 3) The low C/N ratio and high N content of legume straw promote soil microbial activity and microbial residue accumulation, thereby improving soil carbon sequestration efficiency. However, the limited amount of straw for legumes restricts C sequestration. 4) Legumes can improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of subsequent crops, and optimizing the root depth between legume and subsequent crop can enhance the overall efficiency of water and fertilizer usage in the rotation. In conclusion, the inclusion of legumes in crop rotation can achieve a reduction in N fertilizer usage and an increase in yield. However, the effects of soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction are influenced by various factors such as crop type, fertilizer input, soil, and climate conditions. Exploring the coupling mechanisms between the effects of legumes on subsequent crop yield and belowground ecological functions is of great significance. Developing field management technologies for legume-based crop rotation and designing new ecological and efficient cropping systems suitable for various regions in China will facilitate the construction and implementation of legume-based rotations, contributing to agricultural green development.

Key words: grain legumes, crop rotation, crop productivity, soil ecosystem multifunction, economic benefit

LIU Chun-Yan, ZHANG Li-Ying, ZHOU Jie, XU Yi, YANG Ya-Dong, ZENG Zhao-Hai, ZANG Hua-Dong. Research progress on the intensification of agroecosystem functions through legume-based crop rotation[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(8): 1885-1895.

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前茬作物 Pre-crop	后茬谷物 Subsequent crop	试验地年限 Experiment year	对碳和氮组分的影响 Effect on SOC fraction	引用文献 Reference
玉米Maize	玉米Maize	2	—	[42]
豇豆Cowpea	玉米Maize	2	SOC+1.7%, TN+23.4%, C/N-18.4%, MBC+30.6%, MBN+193.4%	[42]
大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	2	SOC+5.2%, TN+27.7%, C/N-18.4%, MBC+33.2%, MBN+195.3%	[42]
小麦Wheat	小麦Wheat	31	—	[43]
豌豆Pea	小麦Wheat	31	SOC-1.6%, TN-2.8%, Labile SOC+7.4%	[43]
小麦Wheat	小麦Wheat	8	—	[44]
鹰嘴豆Chickpea	小麦Wheat	8	SOC+8.3%	[44]
扁豆Lentil	小麦Wheat	8	SOC+0.9%	[44]
豌豆Pea	小麦Wheat	8	SOC+5.6%	[44]
玉米Maize	玉米Maize	30	—	[45]
大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	30	SOC-14.0%, C/N-6.5%	[45]
小麦Wheat	珍珠栗Pearl millet	3	—	[46]
鹰嘴豆Chickpea	珍珠栗Pearl millet	3	SOC-0.3%	[46]
玉米Maize	玉米Maize	—	—	[47]
大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	—	TN+4.9%	[47]
小麦Wheat	水稻Rice	7	—	[48]
鹰嘴豆Chickpea	水稻Rice	7	SOC+9.7%, Active C pool+6.0%, Passive C pool +11.3%, POC+31.9%	[48]
休耕Fallow	小麦Wheat	2	—	[49]
绿豆Mungbean	小麦Wheat	2	MBC+13.2%, DOC-13.5%, POC-68.2%	[49]
玉米Maize	玉米Maize	2	—	[50]
藜豆Velvet bean	玉米Maize	2	SOC+15.5%, TN+18.7%	[50]
豇豆Cowpea	玉米Maize	2	SOC-2.3%, TN+6.2%	[50]
大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	2	SOC+16.3%, TN+18.7%	[50]
休耕Fallow	谷物Grain	4	—	[51]
豆科Legume	谷物Grain	4	SOC+12.0%, MAOM+9.4%	[51]

处理 Treatment	后茬谷物 Subsequent crop	地区 Site	试验地年限 Experiment year	氮肥总添加量 N application (kg N hm^-2)	季节或年平均 N₂O排放量 N₂O emission (kg N hm^-2)
豆科种类Legume specie
扁豆Lentil	—	加拿大Canada	—	100	1.29
豌豆Pea	—	加拿大Canada	—	100	2.88
蚕豆Fava bean	—	西班牙Spain	2	20	0.72
黑吉豆Black gram	—	印度India	—	0	1.01
大豆Soybean	—	印度India	—	0	1.25
扁豆Lentil	—	印度India	—	0	0.88
豇豆Bengal gram	—	印度India	—	0	0.87
豆科秸秆还田Legume straws returning
落花生Groundnut	水稻Rice	泰国Thailand	1	18.75	(+2.8%)
水稻Rice	水稻Rice	泰国Thailand	1	18.75	7.1
豇豆Cowpea	黑小麦Triticale	葡萄牙Portugal	3	0	(-26.3%)
休耕Fallow	黑小麦Triticale	葡萄牙Portugal	3	0	0.38
豆科作物轮作系统 Legume-grain rotation
蚕豆Fava bean	水稻Rice	中国China	6	240	(-28.9%, -35.5%)
小麦Wheat	水稻Rice	中国China	6	440	1.97
油菜Rape	水稻Rice	中国China	6	440	2.17
蚕豆、豌豆等Faba bea, field pea, etc.	小麦、黑小麦等 Wheat, Triticale, etc.	德国Germany	—	—	(-16.6%)
非豆科Non-leguminous crops	小麦、黑小麦等 Wheat, Triticale, etc.	德国Germany	—	—	3.6
豆科Legume	玉米Maize	西班牙Spain	3	150	(-19.7%)
玉米Maize	玉米Maize	西班牙Spain	3	200	0.61
大豆Soybean	玉米Maize	加拿大Canada	2	110	(-29.4%)
玉米Maize	玉米Maize	加拿大Canada	2	310	13.6
羽扇豆Lupin	小麦Wheat	澳大利亚Australia	2	20	(-26.4%)
小麦Wheat	小麦Wheat	澳大利亚Australia	2	125	0.129

Research progress on the intensification of agroecosystem functions through legume-based crop rotation

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