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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10): 2468-2482.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44041

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of agronomic, quality traits and genetic diversity of domestic and foreign foxtail millet resources

XUE Ya-Peng1,2(), XIN Xu-Xia1,2, WANG Ruo-Nan1,2, YU Xiao-Han2, LIU Shao-Xiong2, WANG Rui-Yun1,*(), LIU Min-Xuan2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-03-07 Accepted:2024-05-21 Online:2024-10-12 Published:2024-06-21
  • Contact: *E-mail: wry925@126.com;E-mail: liuminxuan@caas.cn
  • About author:**(Contributed equally to this work)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241041);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-06-14.5-A2);Protection and Utilization for Crop Germplasm Resources(2022NWB036-06)

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Abstract:

The present study aimed to investigate the comprehensive agronomic and quality traits of newly introduced foreign foxtail millet resources and their compatibility with domestic local varieties. The data obtained will serve as a reference for the identification and utilization of outstanding resources. In this research, a total of 88 newly introduced foxtail millet varieties and 152 domestic local varieties were selected for evaluation. Field assessments were conducted to examine agronomic traits, while quality analysis of harvested seeds was performed alongside kinship analysis using SNP markers derived from resequencing. The findings revealed significant differences in quantitative traits among the evaluated materials, indicating a rich genetic diversity. Seven traits exhibited a genetic diversity index (H') of ≥ 2.00. The top three materials, based on the comprehensive evaluation of quantitative traits, were Banyueying from Shandong province (F = 2.47), newly introduced germplasm Y-190 from the United Kingdom (F = 2.45), and Dabaigu I from Shanxi province (F = 2.38). In contrast, the differences in quality traits were not significant, with a genetic diversity index (H') ranging from 0.38 to 1.37. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive associations between most quantitative traits, except for spike thickness and thousand grain weight, which exhibited a non-significant negative correlation. The quality measurement results indicated that each trait followed a normal distribution and varied among different varieties. The genetic diversity index (H') of quality traits ranged from 1.65 to 2.05, with protein and fat exhibiting the highest genetic diversity (H' ≥ 2.00). Correlation analysis revealed a non-significant negative correlation between protein content and fat content, as well as between fat content and fiber content. Significant positive correlations were observed between starch content and fiber content, as well as L* and b* values. Based on phenotypic traits, the participating materials were classified into four groups, each showing distinct phenotypic characteristics. Furthermore, the SNP-based evolutionary tree and group structure analysis indicated various kinship relationships among different varieties. Notably, some newly introduced germplasms exhibited closer kinship ties with domestic local varieties. However, further research is required to elucidate the specific kinship relationships among different materials. This comprehensive evaluation of recently introduced foreign foxtail millet resources encompassed agronomic traits, quality traits, and their similarities and differences with domestic resources. The findings provide a foundation for the subsequent utilization and promotion of exceptional resources.

Key words: foxtail millet, agronomic traits, quality traits, SNP, relatedness

Table S1

Breakdown of 240 foxtail millet germplasm resources"

序号 Number 统一编号 Unicode 种质名称
Germplasm name		 来源
Source		 样品类型
Species type
1 Z-1 狗尾草 Gouweicao 印度 India 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
2 Z-7 狗尾草 Gouweicao 印度 India 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
3 Z-13 狗尾草 Gouweicao 美国 USA 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
4 Z-14 狗尾草 Gouweicao 美国 USA 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
5 Z-15 狗尾草 Gouweicao 美国 USA 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
6 Z-16 狗尾草 Gouweicao 美国 USA 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
7 Y-14 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
8 Y-42 保6 Bao 6 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
9 Y-59 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
10 Y-63 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
11 Y-71 YG1 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
12 Y-72 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
13 Y-74 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
14 Y-91 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
15 Y-101 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
16 Y-103 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
17 Y-119 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
18 Y-129 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
19 Y-155 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
20 Y-168 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
21 Y-171 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
22 Y-174 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
23 Y-179 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
24 Y-182 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
25 Y-184 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
26 Y-186 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
27 Y-187 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
28 Y-190 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
29 Y-195 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
30 Y-196 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
31 Y-201 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
32 Y-205 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
33 Y-206 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
34 Y-207 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
35 Y-211 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
36 Y-212 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
37 Y-213 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
38 Y-215 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
39 Y-216 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
40 Y-217 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
41 Y-222 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
42 Y-223 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
43 Y-226 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
44 Y-229 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
45 Y-233 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
46 Y-234 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
47 Y-235 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
48 Y-236 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
49 Y-247 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
50 Y-248 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
51 Y-252 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
52 Y-253 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
53 Y-259 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
54 Y-262 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
55 Y-263 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
56 Y-264 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
57 Y-269 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
58 Y-270 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
59 Y-271 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
60 Y-272 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
61 Y-273 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
62 Y-275 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
63 Y-276 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
64 Y-277 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
65 Y-278 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
66 Y-281 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
67 Y-282 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
68 Y-283 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
69 Y-284 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
70 Y-285 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
71 Y-286 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
72 Y-288 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
73 Y-289 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
74 Y-290 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
75 Y-294 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
76 Y-295 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
77 Y-296 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
78 Y-297 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
79 Y-298 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
80 Y-299 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
81 Y-301 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
82 Y-304 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
83 Y-306 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
84 Y-308 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
85 Y-310 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
86 Y-316 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
87 Y-319 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
88 Y-321 谷子 Guzi 英国 UK 新引进品种 Newly introduced variety
89 00000280 黄沙谷 Huangshagu 中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China 地方品种 Local variety
90 00001684 纲绳头 Gangshengtou 中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China 地方品种 Local variety
91 00001701 齐头白 Qitoubai 中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China 地方品种 Local variety
92 00001756 毛毛谷 Maomaogu 中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China 地方品种 Local variety
93 00001762 八大娄子 Badalouzi 中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China 地方品种 Local variety
94 00002830 八吊牙 Badiaoya 中国辽宁 Liaoning, China 地方品种 Local variety
95 00002834 红苗谷 Hongmiaogu 中国辽宁 Liaoning, China 地方品种 Local variety
96 00003637 白沙谷 Baishagu 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 地方品种 Local variety
97 00003638 红毛谷 Hongmaogu 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 地方品种 Local variety
98 00003717 粘儿谷 Zhanergu 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 地方品种 Local variety
99 00003724 小白良谷 Xiaobailianggu 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 地方品种 Local variety
100 00003731 会宁竹叶青 Huiningzhuyeqing 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 地方品种 Local variety
101 00003736 670-8 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 地方品种 Local variety
102 00003738 74H33-9-1 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 地方品种 Local variety
103 00003739 74H34-6-1 中国甘肃 Gansu, China 地方品种 Local variety
104 00004102 60天谷子 60 tianguzi 中国陕西 Shaanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
105 00004974 大白谷Ⅰ DabaiguⅠ 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
106 00005168 大白软谷 Dabairuangu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
107 00005170 牛长角 Niuchangjiao 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
108 00005186 红青变 Hongqingbian 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
109 00005258 马鞭大红谷 Mabiandahonggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
110 00005463 小腿谷 Xiaotuigu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
111 00005532 大黄谷 Dahuanggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
112 00005547 大毛谷 Damaogu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
113 00005608 霸王尖 Bawangjian 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
114 00005694 八一一谷 Bayiyigu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
115 00005698 小白谷 Xiaobaigu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
116 00005763 红苗大白谷 Hongmiaodabaigu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
117 00005874 圪屯谷 Getungu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
118 00005974 红苗黄谷 Hongmiaohuanggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
119 00006019 长穗黄谷 Changsuihuanggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
120 00006058 爬坡半长 Papobanchang 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
121 00006150 三杆旗 Sanganqi 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
122 00006344 黑谷 Heigu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
123 00006748 杏也谷 Xingyegu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
124 00006778 一条红 Yitiaohong 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
125 00008139 刀把齐 Daobaqi 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
126 00008183 三变丑 Sanbianchou 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
127 00008188 海里粘谷 Hailizhangu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
128 00008196 气死稗谷 Qisibaigu 中国天津 Tianjin, China 地方品种 Local variety
129 00008286 大白谷 Dabaigu 中国北京 Beijing, China 地方品种 Local variety
130 00008303 大银苗齐头黄谷 Dayinmiaoqitouhuanggu 中国北京 Beijing, China 地方品种 Local variety
131 00008341 荷花青 Hehuaqing 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
132 00008442 小猪尾 Xiaozhuwei 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
133 00008448 小白谷 Xiaobaigu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
134 00008478 大白谷 Dabaigu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
135 00008516 蒜皮白 Suanpibai 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
136 00008600 芥花青 Jiehuaqing 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
137 00008629 紫根青 Zigenqing 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
138 00008636 黑谷 Heigu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
139 00008637 黑谷 Heigu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
140 00008638 黑谷 Heigu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
141 00008670 早心红 Zaoxinhong 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
142 00008707 八一谷 Bayigu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
143 00008902 菠菜根 Bocaigen 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
144 00008925 钱串谷 Qianchuangu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
145 00008971 红苗黄 Huangmiaohuang 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
146 00009092 卧龙谷 Wolonggu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
147 00009306 四变化 Sibianhua 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
148 00009345 白毛谷 Baimaogu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
149 00009938 齐头白 Qitoubai 中国河南 Henan, China 地方品种 Local variety
150 00011158 撑破囤 Chengpodun 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
151 00011175 黄谷 Huanggu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
152 00011266 乌谷 Wugu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
153 00011297 半并糙 Banbingcao 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
154 00011379 菠菜根 Bocaigen 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
155 00011447 老民谷 Laomingu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
156 00011480 白头鱼 Baitouyu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
157 00011481 馍馍谷 Momogu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
158 00012072 铁销魁 Tiexiaokui 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
159 00013964 大鹅脖 Daebo 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
160 00014007 蔓墙搭 Manqiangda 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
161 00014146 二糙拔谷 Ercaobagu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
162 00014196 小金坠 Xiaojinzhui 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
163 00014220 青苗长穗谷 Qingmiaochangsuigu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
164 00014228 把谷 Bagu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
165 00014268 齐头黄谷子 Qitouhuangguzi 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
166 00014286 大毛穗 Damaosui 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
167 00014287 刀把齐 Daobaqi 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
168 00014364 大黄谷 Dahuangu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
169 00014374 长穗黄 Changsuigu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
170 00014378 三变脸谷 Sanbianliangu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
171 00014389 红榴河 Hongliuhe 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
172 00014512 疙毛黄 Gemaohuang 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
173 00014538 雎县谷子 Juxianguzi 中国河南 Henan, China 地方品种 Local variety
174 00014683 陆羽6号3 Luyu 6 hao 3 日本 Japan 国外品种 Foreign variety
175 00014722 支那粟 Zhinasu 朝鲜 D. P. R. Korea 国外品种 Foreign variety
176 00014729 骨绿早1 Gulüzao 1 朝鲜 D. P. R. Korea 国外品种 Foreign variety
177 00014750 Se-kep-9 印度 India 国外品种 Foreign variety
178 00014764 Ise-3 印度 India 国外品种 Foreign variety
179 00014772 Ise-10 印度 India 国外品种 Foreign variety
180 00015617 小黄谷 Xiaohuanggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
181 00015796 加系1号 Jiaxi 1 hao 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
182 00015897 半夜来 Banyelai 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
183 00016000 红腿黄谷 Hongtuihuanggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
184 00016337 母老鼠 Mulaoshu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
185 00016880 三变黄 Sanbianhuang 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
186 00016979 五香黄 Wuxianghuang 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
187 00016980 长脖谷 Changbogu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
188 00016987 爬坡糙 Papocao 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
189 00016988 金棒锤 Jinbangchui 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
190 00017008 小黄谷 Xiaohuanggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
191 00017030 平新谷 Pingxingu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
192 00017041 红根尖 Honggenjian 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
193 00017062 紫秆草黄谷 Zigancaohuanggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
194 00017067 新黄谷 Xinhuanggu 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
195 00017071 黎选5号 Lixuan 5 hao 中国山西 Shanxi, China 地方品种 Local variety
196 00019933 半月硬 Banyueying 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
197 00020776 九谷七号 Jiuguqihao 中国吉林 Jilin, China 选育 Breeding
198 00020779 九303 Jiu 303 中国吉林 Jilin, China 选育 Breeding
199 00021003 860122-30-9 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
200 00021081 860092-14-7-2-1-1 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
201 00021082 87011-5-3-1 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
202 00021086 87069-2-1-1 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
203 00021107 840048-16-6-1-1 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
204 00021127 8539-24-3-3 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
205 00021136 8702-32-0-6 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
206 00021142 8732-40-0-2 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
207 00021145 8732-34-0-3 中国吉林 Jilin, China 品系 Clones
208 00021170 铁8022 Tie 8022 中国辽宁 Liaoning, China 选育 Breeding
209 00021971 铁8638 Tie 8638 中国辽宁 Liaoning, China 选育 Breeding
210 00022044 张8311-14 Zhang 8311-14 中国河北 Hebei, China 选育 Breeding
211 00022045 石农2号 Shinong 2 hao 中国河北 Hebei, China 选育 Breeding
212 00022103 坝谷1号 Bagu 1 hao1 中国河北 Hebei, China 选育 Breeding
213 00022104 坝谷2号 Bagu 2 hao 中国河北 Hebei, China 选育 Breeding
214 00022264 中品六号 Zhongpinliuhao 中国北京 Beijing, China 选育 Breeding
215 00022265 品资一号 Pinziyihao 中国北京 Beijing, China 选育 Breeding
216 00022281 76-7039 中国北京 Beijing, China 选育 Breeding
217 00022636 尖穗谷 Jiansuigu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
218 00022642 小黄谷 Xiaohuanggu 中国河北 Hebei, China 地方品种 Local variety
219 00023545 燕京18482 Yanjing 18482 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
220 00023547 173 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
221 00023624 狼尾巴谷 Langweibagu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
222 00023757 青苗毛谷 Qingmiaomaogu 中国山东 Shandong, China 地方品种 Local variety
223 00024018 济矮秆3 Jiaigan 3 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
224 00024032 济优米2 Jiyoumi 2 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
225 00024033 济优米3 Jiyoumi 3 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
226 00024035 济优米5 Jiyoumi 5 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
227 00024036 济优米6 Jiyoumi 6 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
228 00024042 济优米12 Jiyoumi 12 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
229 00024054 济中矮6 Jizhongai 6 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
230 00024063 济中矮15 Jizhongai 15 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
231 00024064 济中矮16 Jizhongai 16 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
232 00024073 济中矮25 Jizhongai 25 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
233 00024075 济大粒2 Jidali 2 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
234 00024080 济叶冲2 Jiyechong 2 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
235 00024081 济叶冲3 Jiyechong 3 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
236 00024085 济叶冲7 Jiyechong 7 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
237 00024090 济叶冲12 Jiyechong 12 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
238 00024091 济叶冲13 Jiyechong 13 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
239 00024092 济叶冲14 Jiyechong 14 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding
240 00024093 济叶冲15 Jiyechong 15 中国山东 Shandong, China 选育 Breeding

Table 1

Six assignment standard for quality traits in foxtail millet"

性状
Trait		 赋值标准Assignment criteria
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
叶鞘色LSC 绿色
Green		 红色
Red		 紫色
Purple		 — — — —
幼苗叶色SLC 绿色
Green		 黄绿色
Yellow green		 紫绿色
Purple green		 — — — —
分蘖性TI <1.5 1.5-3.0 ≥3.0 — — — —
刺毛长度BL <2.0 mm 2.0-4.0 mm 4.0-7.0 mm ≥7.0 mm — — —
刺毛颜色BC 黄色
Yellow		 绿色
Green		 紫色
Purple		 — — — —
穗形ES 鸡嘴形
Beak		 纺锤形
Spindle		 圆筒形
Cylindric		 棍棒形
Stick		 鸭嘴形
Duckbill		 猫爪形
Cat’s claw		 佛手形
Buddha’s hand

Fig. 1

Quantitative trait statistics PH: plant height; ST: stem thickness; NS: number of nodes of main stem; EL: ear length; ET: ear thickness; SW: spike weight; GW: grain weight per spike; TW: thousand-grain weight."

Table S2

88 newly introduced foxtail millet resources were compared with 152 domestic and foreign resource traits"

性状Trait 新引进品种 New introduced variety 国内外资源Domestic and foreign resources
株高PH (cm) 150.47±22.98 a 149.78±27.99 a
茎粗ST (mm) 4.43±0.79 a 4.51±0.87 a
主茎节数NS (个) 11.27±1.87 a 12.19±1.47 b
穗长EL (cm) 20.75±5.74 a 19.05±7.22 a
穗粗ET (mm) 21.00±5.01 a 20.07±4.59 a
单穗重SW (g) 11.11±5.22 a 10.49±5.09 a
单穗粒重GW (g) 7.24±3.63 a 7.69±4.06 a
千粒重TW (g) 2.44±0.51 a 2.64±0.39 b
水分含量MC (%) 11.33±0.45 a 11.09±0.65 b
粗蛋白含量PC (%) 15.44±1.48 a 14.35±1.37 b
粗脂肪含量FC (%) 6.27±1.32 a 6.54±0.78 a
淀粉含量SC (%) 73.70±1.91 a 75.47±2.39 b
粗纤维含量FIC (%) 9.61±1.09 a 9.55±1.19 a
胶稠度GC (mm) 73.61±25.51 a 74.06±17.85 a
碱消值ASV (级) 2.83±1.16 a 3.05±1.38 a
L* 56.53±4.23 a 57.19±3.92 a
a* 4.59±1.68 a 4.64±1.23 a
b* 19.28±2.75 a 20.14±3.33 b

Table 2

Agronomic trait survey data of the tested materials"

性状
Trait		 平均值
Mean±SD		 变幅
Range		 变异系数
CV (%)		 遗传多样性指数
H°
株高PH (cm) 150.04±26.32 70.60-220.60 17.54 2.08
茎粗ST (mm) 4.48±0.84 2.10-7.28 18.84 2.08
主茎节数NS 11.85±1.69 7.00-15.00 14.25 2.05
穗长EL (cm) 19.67±6.78 7.67-39.50 34.44 2.02
穗粗ET (mm) 20.41±4.78 9.05-39.78 23.43 2.05
单穗重SW (g) 10.72±5.16 2.13-31.08 48.13 2.01
单穗粒重GW (g) 7.52±3.92 1.44-19.62 52.13 1.96
千粒重TW (g) 2.57±0.45 1.07-3.65 17.42 2.04

Table 3

Correlation analysis of quantitative traits"

性状Trait 株高PH 茎粗ST 主茎节数NS 穗长EL 穗粗ET 单穗重SW 单穗粒重GW 千粒重TW
株高PH 1.000
茎粗ST 0.623** 1.000
主茎节数NS 0.605** 0.537** 1.000
穗长EL 0.779** 0.625** 0.443** 1.000
穗粗ET 0.464** 0.633** 0.483** 0.478** 1.000
单穗重SW 0.542** 0.612** 0.550** 0.610** 0.618** 1.000
单穗粒重GW 0.446** 0.485** 0.524** 0.456** 0.508** 0.870** 1.000
千粒重TW 0.211** 0.081 0.183** 0.164* -0.042 0.208** 0.251** 1.000

Table 4

Principal component analysis based on quantitative traits"

性状
Trait		 主成分Principal component F值相关性
F-value correlation
1 2 3 4
单穗重 SW 0.875 0.035 -0.353 -0.191 0.697**
株高 PH 0.799 0.052 0.489 -0.039 0.773**
单穗粒重 GW 0.789 0.140 -0.500 -0.122 0.645**
穗长 EL 0.785 -0.002 0.416 -0.366 0.613**
主茎节数 NS 0.734 0.006 0.073 0.602 0.935**
穗粗 ET 0.733 -0.386 -0.169 0.059 0.628**
茎粗 ST 0.719 -0.189 0.074 0.109 0.717**
千粒重 TW 0.254 0.921 0.007 0.070 0.327**
特征值 Eigenvalue 4.300 1.057 0.826 0.569 —
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 53.745 13.208 10.330 7.119 —
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 53.745 66.953 77.283 84.401 —

Table S3

Combined F values and ranking of quantitative traits in 240 millet"

序号
Number		 F综合
F synthesize		 排名Ranking 序号
Number		 F综合
F synthesize		 排名Ranking
1 -0.60 169 2 -1.92 216
3 -0.28 143 4 -3.71 240
5 0.85 69 6 0.51 96
7 0.46 102 8 -0.16 137
9 1.57 27 10 -0.37 154
11 0.31 114 12 1.56 28
13 -1.14 191 14 -2.19 226
15 -0.38 155 16 0.54 94
17 -0.15 136 18 0.41 105
19 -0.37 152 20 0.91 65
21 -0.30 146 22 -0.85 179
23 0.33 111 24 -0.91 182
25 0.48 97 26 -0.72 175
27 1.26 41 28 2.45 2
29 0.94 63 30 -0.46 161
31 -1.68 212 32 1.61 24
33 1.25 42 34 0.59 90
35 0.77 73 36 -2.92 238
37 -0.30 145 38 -0.37 153
39 0.62 86 40 -2.26 229
41 0.15 122 42 0.76 74
43 0.48 98 44 0.89 68
45 1.06 55 46 1.92 11
47 0.16 120 48 0.18 117
49 0.82 70 50 0.60 89
51 -0.06 131 52 1.18 47
53 -2.11 224 54 -2.09 223
55 -1.81 215 56 1.09 54
57 -1.23 195 58 -0.25 141
59 -0.46 160 60 -1.51 205
61 -0.56 166 62 -0.81 177
63 -0.45 159 64 0.13 123
65 1.48 33 66 -1.54 207
67 -1.62 211 68 -1.79 214
69 -2.61 232 70 -0.63 170
71 -1.45 202 72 -1.21 194
73 -2.75 234 74 -1.06 189
75 -0.31 148 76 0.04 127
77 0.27 116 78 0.66 84
79 -2.08 222 80 -2.75 235
81 -1.58 208 82 -1.10 190
83 -3.47 239 84 1.50 30
85 -0.13 135 86 0.06 125
87 -1.46 203 88 1.20 45
89 -2.27 230 90 -1.59 209
91 -1.29 196 92 -1.20 193
93 -1.16 192 94 0.16 119
95 1.58 26 96 0.94 62
97 -0.75 176 98 0.66 83
99 0.81 72 100 1.76 18
101 -0.40 156 102 -0.35 150
103 0.58 91 104 1.42 35
105 2.38 3 106 0.36 108
107 0.98 59 108 1.90 14
109 1.27 40 110 0.75 77
111 1.93 10 112 1.71 22
113 1.91 12 114 1.06 56
115 0.32 113 116 1.83 17
117 0.96 60 118 1.85 16
119 2.12 6 120 2.04 8
121 2.19 5 122 0.93 64
123 1.15 48 124 1.39 37
125 1.89 15 126 -1.52 206
127 -0.91 181 128 0.47 101
129 0.30 115 130 1.28 39
131 0.18 118 132 -0.22 139
133 0.02 128 134 0.55 93
135 0.69 79 136 0.54 95
137 -0.08 132 138 -2.76 236
139 -2.73 233 140 -2.16 225
141 -0.42 157 142 -1.34 199
143 0.61 87 144 -1.03 187
145 -0.91 180 146 -0.67 171
147 -0.28 144 148 -0.56 167
149 -0.06 130 150 -1.47 204
151 0.15 121 152 -0.71 173
153 -2.19 227 154 -0.22 140
155 -1.61 210 156 -2.03 220
157 -1.75 213 158 -0.71 174
159 -1.94 217 160 0.66 82
161 -0.55 164 162 -0.45 158
163 -0.92 183 164 -0.97 185
165 -0.97 186 166 -0.85 178
167 -1.33 198 168 1.73 20
169 -0.30 147 170 -2.00 219
171 -1.32 197 172 -1.05 188
173 -2.05 221 174 -2.48 231
175 -1.98 218 176 -0.69 172
177 -1.40 200 178 -2.21 228
179 -0.93 184 180 -0.59 168
181 -0.28 142 182 0.75 75
183 -0.05 129 184 0.33 112
185 1.23 44 186 2.38 4
187 1.91 13 188 0.47 100
189 1.71 21 190 -0.18 138
191 1.46 34 192 1.94 9
193 1.55 29 194 2.07 7
195 -0.34 149 196 2.47 1
197 -0.56 165 198 0.45 103
199 0.81 71 200 -0.11 133
201 1.14 49 202 0.58 92
203 1.13 50 204 0.72 78
205 0.67 81 206 1.48 31
207 0.40 106 208 0.44 104
209 1.11 52 210 0.65 85
211 0.36 109 212 0.75 76
213 -0.46 162 214 -0.53 163
215 1.74 19 216 0.61 88
217 -2.78 237 218 1.11 51
219 0.05 126 220 1.20 46
221 1.67 23 222 0.68 80
223 0.90 66 224 1.03 57
225 1.48 32 226 0.40 107
227 1.00 58 228 1.11 53
229 0.89 67 230 0.94 61
231 1.35 38 232 1.25 43
233 1.39 36 234 1.58 25
235 0.35 110 236 -0.11 134
237 -1.41 201 238 0.48 99
239 -0.35 151 240 0.12 124

Table 5

Frequency of distribution of quality traits and index of genetic diversity"

性状
Trait		 频率分布 Frequency distribution 遗传多样性指数H°
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7
叶鞘色LSC 0.536 0.278 0.186 — — — — 1.00
幼苗叶色SLC 0.882 0.114 0.004 — — — — 0.38
分蘖性TI 0.273 0.485 0.242 — — — — 1.05
穗形ES 0.247 0.507 0.119 0.115 0.004 0.004 0.004 1.26
刺毛长度BL 0.211 0.278 0.313 0.198 — — — 1.37
刺毛颜色BC 0.095 0.674 0.231 — — — — 0.83

Fig. 2

Statistics on quality traits of participating materials MC: moisture content; PC: protein content; FC: fat content; SC: starch content; FIC: fiber content; GC: gel consistency; ASV: alkali spreading value; L*: lightness; a*: red/green value; b*: yellow/blue value."

Table 6

Quality traits determination results"

性状Trait 平均值Mean±SD 变幅Range 变异系数CV (%) 遗传多样性指数H°
水分含量MC (%) 11.18±0.60 6.86-12.06 5.35 1.65
粗蛋白含量PC (%) 14.75±1.51 11.22-20.35 10.22 2.05
粗脂肪含量FC (%) 6.44±1.02 3.62-10.18 15.83 2.03
淀粉含量SC (%) 74.82±2.39 69.57-86.01 3.20 1.88
粗纤维含量FIC (%) 9.57±1.16 7.66-14.45 12.09 1.86
胶稠度GC (mm) 73.90±21.03 41.00-152.00 28.46 1.82
碱消值ASV 2.97±1.31 1.00-6.00 44.13 1.92
亮度L* 56.95±4.06 37.71-64.60 7.13 1.86
红绿值a* 4.62±1.41 0.79-11.56 30.56 1.72
黄蓝值b* 19.83±3.16 2.97-30.54 15.96 1.82

Table 7

Correlation analysis of quality traits"

性状
Trait		 水分含量
MC		 粗蛋白
含量PC		 粗脂肪
含量FC		 淀粉
含量SC		 粗纤维
含量FIC		 胶稠度GC 碱消值ASV L* a* b*
水分含量MC 1.000
粗蛋白含量PC -0.131* 1.000
粗脂肪含量FC 0.100 -0.038 1.000
淀粉含量SC -0.686** -0.460** -0.104 1.000
粗纤维含量FIC -0.422** 0.091 0.058 0.347** 1.000
胶稠度GC -0.041 0.117 0.000 -0.081 0.066 1.000
碱消值ASV 0.040 0.063 0.184** -0.056 0.001 0.091 1.000
亮度L* 0.475** -0.477** 0.140* -0.206** -0.284** 0.030 -0.010 1.000
红绿值a* 0.319** 0.145* 0.033 -0.305** -0.296** -0.103 -0.033 -0.299** 1.000
黄蓝值b* 0.616** -0.440** 0.159* -0.339** -0.355** -0.031 -0.026 0.594** 0.146* 1.000

Table 8

Principal component analysis based on quality traits"

性状
Trait		 主成分Principal component F值相关性
F-value correlation
1 2 3 4 5
粗蛋白含量PC -0.528 0.696 0.177 -0.167 0.140 0.018
粗脂肪含量FC 0.220 0.042 0.559 0.562 0.483 0.574**
淀粉含量SC -0.369 -0.777 -0.207 0.239 -0.158 -0.717**
粗纤维含量FIC -0.592 -0.399 0.280 0.043 0.351 -0.486**
胶稠度GC -0.131 0.055 0.534 -0.591 -0.063 -0.045
碱消值ASV -0.014 0.098 0.624 0.363 -0.661 0.213**
亮度L* 0.811 -0.299 0.183 -0.214 0.050 0.456**
红绿值a* 0.093 0.673 -0.347 0.341 -0.028 0.386**
黄蓝值b* 0.874 0.027 0.026 -0.032 0.070 0.669**
特征值Eigenvalue 2.261 1.805 1.294 1.048 0.849 —
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 25.125 20.056 14.379 11.640 9.436 —
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 25.125 45.182 59.56 71.200 80.636 —

Table S4

Combined F values and ranking of quality traits in 240 millet"

序号
Number		 F品质
F quality		 排名Ranking 序号
Number		 F品质
F quality		 排名Ranking
1 0.772 7 2 0.453 29
3 0.320 47 4 0.579 16
5 0.274 59 6 0.041 130
7 0.729 8 8 0.284 58
9 0.272 60 10 0.981 3
11 -0.493 222 12 0.229 72
13 0.593 15 14 0.144 92
15 0.149 90 16 -0.818 228
17 0.293 56 18 1.029 2
19 0.706 10 20 0.547 21
21 0.142 96 22 -0.352 206
23 -0.275 195 24 -0.076 163
25 0.088 113 26 1.080 1
27 0.259 61 28 0.563 19
29 -0.114 172 30 0.384 35
31 0.573 18 32 -0.409 213
33 -0.083 165 34 -0.118 173
35 0.286 57 36 0.717 9
37 0.356 37 38 -0.180 183
39 0.247 63 40 -0.111 171
41 0.084 116 42 -1.297 235
43 0.413 32 44 -0.311 200
45 -1.573 236 46 -0.162 179
47 0.804 5 48 -0.223 190
49 -0.155 177 50 -0.388 209
51 -0.443 217 52 -0.038 152
53 -0.453 219 54 0.115 103
55 0.230 71 56 -0.411 214
57 -0.143 176 58 -0.282 198
59 -0.377 208 60 0.167 84
61 0.090 110 62 -0.662 225
63 0.143 95 64 0.481 27
65 -0.334 203 66 0.392 34
67 0.207 77 68 -1.055 233
69 -0.102 169 70 -0.264 193
71 -0.063 162 72 -0.560 224
73 -0.194 186 74 -0.490 221
75 0.303 53 76 0.071 119
77 0.143 93 78 -0.041 154
79 -0.045 156 80 0.826 4
81 -0.193 184 82 -1.074 234
83 0.234 69 84 -0.015 146
85 -0.276 196 86 -0.319 201
87 -0.664 226 88 -0.402 210
89 -0.018 148 90 0.451 30
91 0.484 26 92 0.055 126
93 0.054 127 94 -0.011 145
95 0.579 17 96 0.475 28
97 -0.005 144 98 0.236 67
99 0.245 64 100 0.213 74
101 0.249 62 102 -0.089 166
103 0.220 73 104 0.314 48
105 0.350 38 106 0.052 128
107 0.111 104 108 0.536 22
109 0.146 91 110 0.178 81
111 -0.040 153 112 0.036 131
113 0.497 24 114 0.089 112
115 -0.137 174 116 0.169 83
117 -0.356 207 118 -0.093 167
119 0.069 120 120 -0.193 185
121 -0.827 229 122 -0.960 232
123 0.151 88 124 0.122 101
125 0.133 100 126 0.057 125
127 0.331 43 128 0.236 66
129 0.006 139 130 -0.106 170
131 0.160 87 132 0.627 12
133 0.336 41 134 0.069 121
135 -0.095 168 136 -0.727 227
137 -0.942 230 138 -2.718 239
139 -2.524 238 140 -2.844 240
141 0.090 111 142 0.201 78
143 0.338 40 144 0.143 94
145 -0.215 188 146 0.312 50
147 -2.300 237 148 -0.018 149
149 0.609 13 150 0.243 65
151 -0.044 155 152 -0.949 231
153 0.305 52 154 -0.222 189
155 0.026 134 156 0.006 140
157 0.494 25 158 0.377 36
159 0.199 79 160 0.002 143
161 0.010 138 162 -0.335 204
163 0.080 117 164 0.099 106
165 0.308 51 166 0.138 99
167 0.061 124 168 -0.139 175
169 0.162 85 170 -0.026 151
171 0.605 14 172 0.141 97
173 0.299 55 174 0.139 98
175 0.067 122 176 0.196 80
177 0.408 33 178 0.776 6
179 0.094 107 180 0.326 45
181 0.335 42 182 0.085 115
183 0.648 11 184 0.328 44
185 0.232 70 186 0.413 31
187 -0.056 158 188 0.210 76
189 0.212 75 190 0.526 23
191 0.314 49 192 0.550 20
193 0.320 46 194 0.236 68
195 0.116 102 196 -0.020 150
197 0.161 86 198 0.302 54
199 -0.060 161 200 0.092 108
201 0.002 142 202 0.020 136
203 -0.173 180 204 -0.345 205
205 -0.281 197 206 -0.405 212
207 0.103 105 208 -0.442 216
209 -0.269 194 210 -0.243 192
211 -0.332 202 212 -0.059 159
213 -0.052 157 214 -0.176 182
215 0.029 133 216 -0.174 181
217 -0.060 160 218 0.080 118
219 -0.017 147 220 0.044 129
221 0.091 109 222 0.175 82
223 0.015 137 224 0.003 141
225 0.063 123 226 -0.083 164
227 -0.483 220 228 -0.451 218
229 -0.403 211 230 -0.160 178
231 -0.242 191 232 -0.426 215
233 0.151 89 234 -0.297 199
235 0.341 39 236 -0.213 187
237 -0.541 223 238 0.086 114
239 0.035 132 240 0.023 135

Table 9

Statistics of traits corresponding to different groups in cluster analysis"

性状
Trait		 类群Group
I II III IV
株高PH (cm) 141.39 127.64 180.78 151.89
茎粗SC (mm) 4.14 3.83 5.48 4.50
主茎节数NS 12.07 10.25 13.36 12.20
穗长EL (cm) 15.42 14.29 28.05 19.90
穗粗ET (mm) 20.31 16.79 24.57 20.93
单穗重SW (g) 10.31 5.98 16.63 11.22
单穗粒重GW (g) 7.30 4.03 10.41 8.51
千粒重TW (g) 2.51 2.39 2.62 2.67
水分含量MC (%) 10.48 11.15 11.30 11.21
粗蛋白含量PC (%) 14.37 15.53 14.29 14.50
淀粉含量SC (%) 78.49 74.34 74.53 74.91
粗纤维含量FIC (%) 11.39 9.68 9.97 9.18
亮度L* 55.95 55.81 58.99 56.90
红绿值a* 3.33 4.92 3.66 4.95
黄蓝值b* 16.44 18.31 21.06 20.55
胶稠度GC (mm) 78.23 75.16 80.68 69.91
碱消值ASV 3.50 2.60 3.36 2.99
粗脂肪含量FC (%) 6.17 6.45 6.55 6.41

Fig. 3

Cluster analysis based on all traits"

Fig. 4

Evolutionary tree based on the SNP The corresponding materials in the figure are attached in Table S1; Yellow indicates newly introduced germplasm; Red indicates remaining domestic and foreign germplasm."

Fig. 5

A population structure analysis based on the SNP"

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