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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 1091-1101.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43032

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic performance and dry matter accumulation and distribution in leaves of different salt-tolerant maize varieties

LI Xue-Ting1(), REN Hao1, WANG Hong-Zhang1, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, ZHAO Bin1, REN Bai-Zhao1, LIU Ying2, YAO Hai-Yan3, LIU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University / Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
    3Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Wudi County, Wudi 251900, Shandong, China
  • Received:2024-07-25 Accepted:2024-10-25 Online:2025-04-12 Published:2024-11-11
  • Contact: E-mail: liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(LJNY202103);Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(2021CXGC010804-05);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201700)

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Abstract:

The effects of salt stress on photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation, and distribution characteristics in different salt-tolerant maize varieties were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for breeding salt-tolerant maize and optimizing high-yield, stress-resistant cultivation in mildly and moderately saline-alkali soils. The experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2023 using the salt-tolerant maize variety Wansheng 69 (WS69) and the salt-sensitive variety Denghai 605 (DH605), with non-saline conditions as the control (CK). Two salt concentrations—low (1.5‰, MS) and high (3.0‰, HS)—were used to assess the effects of soil salinity on the material production performance of these maize varieties. Salt stress significantly reduced the leaf area index, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and leaf photosynthetic potential of summer maize. Under high salt stress, the average photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (E) of DH605 and WS69 leaves decreased by 22.11%, 19.99%, 11.63%, and 13.51%, 13.42%, 8.81%, respectively, compared to CK, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) increased by 19.83% and 10.79%. Salt stress also impeded dry matter accumulation in summer maize, significantly reducing plant biomass, the maximum growth rate (Wmax), and the maximum accumulation rate (Rmax), while increasing the number of days required to reach the maximum accumulation rate (Tmax). The proportion of dry matter accumulation after anthesis increased in salt-tolerant varieties but decreased in salt-sensitive varieties. Additionally, salt stress reduced the dry matter distribution to reproductive organs, leading to yield reduction. Under MS and HS treatments, the average yield of DH605 was 16.12% and 27.42% lower than CK, respectively, while the yield of WS69 decreased by 6.90% and 9.12%. After salt stress, salt-tolerant varieties maintained higher leaf area indices, SPAD values, and photosynthetic potential, with less reduction in photosynthetic performance, which helped sustain the accumulation of photosynthetic products. Overall, salt stress significantly decreased dry matter accumulation and distribution to reproductive organs after anthesis, reducing the harvest index and ultimately resulting in lower yields.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), salt stress, leaf photosynthetic performance, dry matter accumulation

Fig. 1

Effects of salt stress on the leaf area index of summer maize with different salt tolerance Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between varieties at the level of P < 0.05. DH605: Denghai 605; WS69: Wansheng 69; CK: no salt treatment; MS: 1.5‰ salt stress; HS: 3.0‰ salt stress. V6: 6th-leaf fully expanded stage, V12: 12th-leaf fully expanded stage, VT: tasseling, R3: milk stage, R5: dough stage."

Fig. 2

Effects of salt stress on SPAD value of summer maize with different salt tolerance Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between varieties at P < 0.05. Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 1

Effects of salt stress on leaf area duration (LAD) of summer maize with different salt tolerance"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 光合势LAD (m2 d m−2)
花前 Pre-VT 花后Post-VT 总光合势
VE-V12 V12-VT 总计Total VT-R3 R3-R6 总计Total Total photosynthetic potential
2022 登海605 DH605 CK 84.58±2.58 a 65.94±2.08 a 150.51±4.31 a 124.06±3.18 a 70.94±1.13 a 195.00±4.00 a 345.51±6.54 a
MS 79.04±1.85 b 61.70±0.75 b 140.74±2.45 b 111.83±1.84 b 61.38±1.90 b 173.21±3.63 b 313.95±6.06 b
HS 54.80±2.63 c 45.93±0.55 c 100.73±2.77 c 96.40±1.87 c 58.34±1.33 c 154.75±2.81 c 255.48±4.49 c
万盛69 WS69 CK 89.37±1.05 a 71.18±0.80 a 160.55±1.24 a 135.81±0.39 a 77.52±1.33 a 213.32±0.99 a 373.88±1.65 a
MS 87.73±0.43 b 69.55±0.45 b 157.28±0.75 b 130.81±1.69 b 73.82±1.19 b 204.63±2.88 b 361.91±3.33 b
HS 84.78±0.44 c 67.65±0.15 c 152.43±0.34 c 126.92±0.86 c 71.07±0.77 c 197.98±1.55 c 350.42±1.23 c
2023 登海605 DH605 CK 87.81±2.03 a 67.34±1.18 a 155.15±3.19 a 124.59±1.51 a 70.92±1.31 a 195.50±2.69 a 350.65±4.41 a
MS 55.20±2.96 b 52.58±1.04 b 107.77±3.93 b 109.67±1.45 b 61.14±1.08 b 170.82±2.48 b 278.59±5.87 b
HS 41.17±1.36 c 44.8±1.13 c 85.97±2.29 c 101.61±1.05 c 57.79±0.60 c 159.39±0.72 c 245.37±2.35 c
万盛69 WS69 CK 92.69±1.98 a 70.84±1.38 a 163.53±3.31 a 130.48±1.36 a 74.13±0.78 a 204.61±1.76 a 368.14±4.95 a
MS 78.59±0.56 b 64.45±0.21 b 143.04±0.38 b 123.49±1.28 b 69.29±1.49 b 192.78±2.68 b 335.82±2.53 b
HS 71.71±1.86 c 56.27±1.23 c 127.98±3.09 c 111.08±2.50 c 66.27±1.84 c 177.34±4.31 c 305.33±7.29 c
ANOVA 年份 Y ** ** ** ** ** ** **
品种 V ** ** ** ** ** ** **
处理 T ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×品种 Y×V ** ** NS ** ** ** **
年份×处理 Y×T ** ** ** NS NS NS **
品种×处理 V×T ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×品种×处理 Y×V×T ** ** ** ** NS ** **

Fig. 3

Effects of salt stress on gas exchange parameters in ear leaves of summer maize with different salt tolerance Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between varieties at P < 0.05. Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 2

Effects of salt stress on biomass accumulation and its proportion before and after flowering stage of summer maize with different salt tolerance"

年份Year 品种Variety 处理
Treatment		 生物量Biomass (g plant-1) 所占比例 Proportion (%)
花前Pre-VT 花后Post-VT 花前Pre-VT 花后Post-VT
2022 登海605 DH605 CK 132.68±9.77 a 178.13±9.94 a 42.69 57.31
MS 115.36±7.11 b 137.87±10.38 b 45.56 54.44
HS 97.43±2.09 c 122.00±6.04 b 44.40 55.60
万盛69 WS69 CK 143.57±4.10 a 222.24±8.01 a 39.25 60.75
MS 132.35±4.72 b 219.33±11.80 ab 37.63 62.37
HS 124.03±2.86 c 205.77±6.40 b 37.61 62.39
2023 登海605 DH605 CK 149.70±11.17 a 209.16±12.35 a 41.72 58.28
MS 110.01±5.62 b 140.25±6.36 b 43.96 56.04
HS 99.20±3.12 c 127.21±9.85 b 43.81 56.19
万盛69 WS69 CK 147.32±9.88 a 208.75±6.58 a 41.37 58.63
MS 121.35±7.81 b 206.63±7.67 ab 35.10 64.90
HS 106.47±6.99 c 181.81±9.12 b 36.93 63.07

Table 3

Effects of salt stress on population dry matter accumulation parameters of summer maize with different salt tolerance"

年份Year 品种Variety 处理
Treatment		 生长曲线方程
Growth curve
parametric equation		 相关系数Correlation coefficient Tmax
(d)		 Wmax
(t hm-2)		 Rmax
(t hm-2 d-1)
2022 登海605 DH605 CK Y=21.54/(1+82.84e-0.07x) 0.999 63.83 10.77 0.37
MS Y=17.48/(1+61.85e-0.06x) 0.993 64.35 8.74 0.28
HS Y=14.75/(1+156.94e-0.08x) 0.999 64.99 7.38 0.29
万盛69 WS69 CK Y=26.66/(1+46.88e-0.06x) 0.995 69.70 13.33 0.37
MS Y=25.45/(1+66.67e-0.06x) 0.998 70.82 12.73 0.38
HS Y=23.30/(1+77.42e-0.06x) 0.997 70.95 11.65 0.36
2023 登海605 DH605 CK Y=25.03/(1+57.88e-0.06x) 0.996 63.91 12.52 0.40
MS Y=16.88/(1+151.00e-0.08x) 0.998 64.00 8.44 0.33
HS Y=15.39/(1+154.04e-0.08x) 0.099 64.09 7.70 0.30
万盛69 WS69 CK Y=24.40/(1+131.69e-0.08x) 0.999 63.55 12.20 0.47
MS Y=23.74/(1+193.53e-0.08x) 0.999 64.93 11.87 0.48
HS Y=19.80/(1+200.10e-0.08x) 0.999 65.10 9.90 0.40

Fig. 4

Effects of salt stress on biomass allocation of summer maize with different salt tolerance Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between varieties at P < 0.05. Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1 and Table 1."

Table 4

Effects of salt stress on yield components, yield, and harvest index of summer maize"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数
Ears number
(×104 ear hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)		 收获指数Harvest index (%)
2022 登海605 DH605 CK 6.75±0.01 a 592.20±12.63 a 405.995±3.356 a 13.79±0.13 a 50.31±1.65 a
MS 6.75±0.02 a 501.12±18.26 b 396.981±1.485 b 11.41±0.05 b 45.76±1.72 b
HS 6.75±0.02 a 424.06±35.07 c 396.355±3.096 b 9.45±0.08 c 44.49±0.50 b
万盛69 WS69 CK 6.75±0.01 a 590.37±14.79 a 344.047±2.888 b 11.89±0.08 a 48.75±0.77 a
MS 6.75±0.01 a 557.19±16.63 b 349.292±2.557 b 11.17±0.09 b 47.89±0.79 a
HS 6.75±0.02 a 510.18±18.79 c 358.613±3.744 a 10.92±0.07 c 46.18±1.76 a
2023 登海605 DH605 CK 6.75±0.02 a 617.50±10.31 a 332.231±4.274 a 13.69±0.26 a 49.68±1.97 a
MS 6.75±0.02 a 533.51±24.53 b 327.062±5.851 ab 11.64±0.63 b 44.97±1.55 ab
HS 6.75±0.02 a 490.12±10.73 c 326.899±0.499 b 10.49±0.23 c 43.02±4.75 b
2023 万盛69 WS69 CK 6.75±0.01 a 617.33±21.34 a 301.421±5.953 a 12.41±0.43 a 48.31±1.72 a
MS 6.75±0.01 a 562.96±8.24 ab 304.589±5.208 a 11.45±0.69 ab 46.34±1.77 a
HS 6.75±0.02 a 544.49±6.47 b 307.161±2.174 a 11.16±0.15 b 45.61±1.68 a
方差分析
ANOVA		 年份 Y NS ** ** * NS
品种 V NS ** ** ** NS
处理 T NS ** * ** **
年份×品种 Y×V NS NS ** NS NS
年份×处理 Y×T NS NS ** NS NS
品种×处理 V×T NS * ** ** NS
年份×品种×处理 Y×V×T NS NS ** ** NS
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