土壤调理剂与缓释氮肥对小麦干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41046

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenges of high nitrogen fertilizer input and unstable wheat yields in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area, this study investigates the effects of soil conditioners combined with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on the dynamics of aboveground dry matter accumulation and yield-related indices in wheat under varying nitrogen application rates. The objective is to provide practical evidence for developing high-yield, efficient cultivation techniques with reduced nitrogen input in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area. The experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation District, utilizing a split-plot design. The main plots included attapulgite (A), biochar (B), and a control with no conditioner application (C); the subplots consisted of two types of nitrogen fertilizer: conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer (T) and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (S); and the split-split plots involved two levels of nitrogen application: conventional nitrogen amount (N2, 180 kg hm?2) and a 30% reduction in N2 (N1, 126 kg hm?2). By measuring dry matter accumulation at different growth stages, dry matter translocation before and after anthesis, grain yield, and biomass, the study quantifies the maximum growth rate and its timing, elucidating the impacts of different soil conditioners combined with slow-release nitrogen fertilizers on wheat dry matter accumulation and yield characteristics. The results indicate that N1 reduced aboveground dry matter accumulation by 10.4% compared to N2, while slow-release nitrogen fertilizer increased it by 7.0% compared to conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Both attapulgite and biochar increased aboveground dry matter accumulation by 8.9% and 10.9%, respectively. Considering the interaction of soil conditioners, nitrogen fertilizer types, and nitrogen application rates, the combination of attapulgite with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and a 30% reduction in conventional nitrogen application (ASN1) and the combination of biochar with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and a 30% reduction in conventional nitrogen application (BSN1) increased dry matter accumulation by 9.0% and 10.7%, respectively, during days 45–95 after emergence, and increased the dry matter accumulation rate by 9.7% and 12.6%, respectively, during days 45–90 after emergence, compared to no conditioner use with conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer and conventional nitrogen application (CTN2). The fitting results show that ASN1 and BSN1 delayed the occurrence of the maximum growth rate by 3.1 and 4.2 days, respectively, and increased the maximum growth rate by 6.3% and 8.1%, respectively, compared to CTN2. ASN1 and BSN1 also enhanced the contribution of dry matter translocation before and after anthesis to grain yield, increasing the yield by 6.8% and 8.5%, respectively, with the main yield increase attributed to improvements in spike grain number and thousand-kernel weight. BSN1 further increased spike grain number and thousand-kernel weight by 7.8% and 8.1%, respectively, compared to ASN1, demonstrating a more pronounced yield-increasing advantage. Therefore, the application of biochar combined with slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can be considered an effective measure to enhance wheat yield in the northwestern irrigation region of China, even with a 30% reduction in nitrogen input.

Key words: attapulgite, biochar, slow-release nitrogen, reduced nitrogen, wheat, dry matter accumulation

LIANG Miao, LI Pan, ZHAO Lian-Hao, FAN Zhi-Long, HU Fa-Long, FAN Hong, HE Wei, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen. Effect of soil conditioner and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(2): 470-484.

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