甘肃省小麦农家种老芒麦分子鉴定及其重要性状评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41021

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to clarify the heterogeneity of ten Laomangmai landrace wheat varieties from Gansu, which share the same name but originate from different regions. Agronomically important traits and disease resistance were evaluated in the field, and AFLP markers were used to create genetic fingerprints. Alleles at four vernalization loci, one photoperiod locus, four dwarfing loci, three multi-resistance loci, and key alleles related to gluten strength and pigment content were detected. The results were as follows: (1) The genetic similarity among the ten Laomangmai landraces was very low, indicating high heterogeneity. (2) In terms of yield-related traits, all materials carried recessive alleles at the vernalization loci Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-B3. Seven landraces, including six Laomangmai varieties and the check variety Juanmangheshangtou, had the dominant allele at Vrn-D1, resulting in significantly earlier heading after spring sowing, but no effect on heading date under autumn sowing conditions. Only one variety (code 5) contained the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a. Of the four dwarfing genes studied, five landraces carried the dwarfing allele at the Rht-24 locus, while the remaining landraces exhibited high allelic variation. The Rht-24 dwarfing allele did not significantly reduce plant height but was associated with a higher number of grains per spike compared to the tall genotypes. (3) All materials showed poor lodging resistance. Four Laomangmai landraces exhibited strong cold tolerance, including three winter and one spring growth habit varieties. Three Laomangmai landraces (codes 1, 4, and 10) were highly resistant to stripe rust, despite not carrying known stripe rust resistance genes. Additionally, three other landraces, including two Laomangmai varieties (codes 7 and 9) and the check variety, contained the pleiotropic resistance gene Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38. (4) The gluten strength of the studied landraces was weak. Only four varieties (codes 5, 6, 7, and 8) carried low PPO-activity alleles, while all materials carried alleles for high yellow pigment content and high peroxidase activity. (5) The varieties carrying the dominant allele at Vrn-D1 could be useful for spring wheat cultivation in central and western Gansu Province, the upstream Jialing River winter wheat region, and similar ecological areas. The five varieties carrying the dwarfing allele Rht-24b could be employed for breeding fusarium head blight resistance in Gansu Longnan, and the middle and lower Yangtze River valley. Landraces carrying Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38, with high resistance to stripe rust, hold potential for breeding disease-resistant varieties in Longnan, Tianshui, Longdong, and other stripe rust hot spots. Additionally, the four varieties with alleles for low polyphenol oxidase activity could be useful for improving pigment content in wheat breeding. This study clarified the genetic characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of important traits in the Laomangmai varieties from different regions in Gansu province, providing guidance for their application in wheat breeding programs.

Key words: common wheat, landrace, Laomangmai, AFLP, molecular marker detection, heterogeneity, character evaluation

ZHAN Zong-Bing, JIN Qi-Feng, LIU Di, LYU Ying-Chun, GUO Ying, ZHANG Xue-Ting, HU Meng-Xia, WANG Shang, YANG Fang-Ping. Molecular characterization and evaluation of important traits of landrace wheat Laomangmai in Gansu province, China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(3): 609-620.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Information of partial characters of the resource catalog of tested materials"

种子库编号 Seed bank number	全国统一编号 National unified code	品种名称 Landrace name	品种代号Landrace code	原产地 Source area	芒 Awn	壳色 Shell color	粒色 Grain color
0002	ZM004681	老芒麦Laomangmai	1	永登Yongdeng	长Long	白White	红Red
0050	ZM004723	老芒麦Laomangmai	2	临洮Lintao	长Long	红Red	红Red
0251	ZM005060	老芒麦Laomangmai	3	岷县 Minxian	长Long	红Red	红Red
0252	ZM005047	老芒麦Laomangmai	4	秦安Qin’an	长Long	红Red	红Red
0314	ZM004955	老芒麦Laomangmai	5	宁县Ningxian	长Long	白White	红Red
0456	ZM020682	老芒麦Laomangmai	6	徽县Huixian	长Long	红Red	红Red
0486	ZM020683	老芒麦Laomangmai	7	漳县Zhangxian	长Long	红Red	红Red
0523	—	老芒麦Laomangmai	8	—	顶Tip	红Red	红Red
0572	ZM020685	老芒麦Laomangmai	9	两当Liangdang	长Long	白White	红Red
0804	—	老芒麦Laomangmai	10	定西Dingxi	长Long	白White	红Red
0014	ZM004701	卷芒和尚头 Juanmang heshangtou	11	宕昌Tanchang	中Medium	白White	红Red
种子库编号 Seed bank number	全国统一编号 National unified code	品种名称 Landrace name	品种代号Landrace code	冬春性 Winter and spring habit	成熟期 Maturity stage	株高 Plant height (cm)	千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
0002	ZM004681	老芒麦Laomangmai	1	弱冬Weak winter	中Medium	106	35
0050	ZM004723	老芒麦Laomangmai	2	弱冬Weak winter	中Medium	109	27
0251	ZM005060	老芒麦Laomangmai	3	冬Winter	晚Late	126	27
0252	ZM005047	老芒麦Laomangmai	4	弱冬Weak winter	中Medium	115	31
0314	ZM004955	老芒麦Laomangmai	5	强冬Strong winter	晚Late	73	0
0456	ZM020682	老芒麦Laomangmai	6	强冬Strong winter	中Medium	102	17
0486	ZM020683	老芒麦Laomangmai	7	强冬Strong winter	中Medium	108	24
0523	—	老芒麦Laomangmai	8	冬Winter	—	63	22
0572	ZM020685	老芒麦Laomangmai	9	春Spring	晚Late	110	26
0804	—	老芒麦Laomangmai	10	—	—	130	28
0014	ZM004701	卷芒和尚头 Juanmang heshangtou	11	春Spring	中Medium	94	25

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 4

Table 5

Dwarfing genes and plant height, spike and grain traits of the tested materials"

品种代号 Variety code		1	2	3	4	5	6
矮秆基因标记及等位变异 Markers and alleles of dwarfing gene	S1066954	Rht-24a	Rht-24b	Rht-24a	Rht-24a	Rht-24b	Rht-24b
	S983322	Rht-24a	Rht-24b	Rht-24a	Rht-24a	Rht-24b	Rht-24b
	Rht-B1	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a
	Rht-D1	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a
	DG273	rht8	rht8	rht8	rht8	rht8	rht8
株高 Plant height (cm)	2022清水2022 Qingshui	108.0	83.0	99.5	101.5	128.3	110.0
	2023清水2023 Qingshui	139.0	138.0	137.0	129.0	142.0	140.0
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	122.0	120.0	108.0	113.5	—	137.0
穗粒数 Kernels per spike	2022清水2022 Qingshui	29.00	29.30	—	26.80	41.45	—
	2023清水2023 Qingshui	25.75	31.00	43.10	26.65	30.60	41.20
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	29.00	33.00	27.00	32.00	—	70.00
千粒重 Thousand seeds weight (g)	2022清水2023 Qingshui	27	21	23	28	23	20
	2023清水2023 Qingshui	37	30	22	24	25	26
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	42	39	30	46	—	30
穗长 Spike length (cm)	2022清水2022 Qingshui	11	10	10	9	8	8
	2023清水2023 Qingshui	10	9	10	8	6	6
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	9	8	10	10	7	8
小穗数 Spikelet number	2022清水2022 Qingshui	10	9	10	9	7	5
	2023清水2023 Qingshui	17	19	19	17	15	14
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	14	16	12	14	17	20
品种代号 Variety code		7	8	9	10	11
矮秆基因标记及等位变异 Markers and alleles of dwarfing gene	S1066954	Rht-24b	Rht-24b	Rht-24a	Rht-24a	Rht-24a
矮秆基因标记及等位变异 Markers and alleles of dwarfing gene	S983322	Rht-24b	—	Rht-24a	—	Rht-24a
	Rht-B1	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a	Rht-B1a
	Rht-D1	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a	Rht-D1a
	DG273	rht8	rht8	rht8	rht8	rht8
株高 Plant height (cm)	2022清水2022 Qingshui	104.0	106.0	110.0	99.0	104.0
株高 Plant height (cm)	2023清水2023 Qingshui	146.0	137.0	137.0	—	129.0
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	123.5	—	120.0	116.0	113.0
穗粒数 Kernels per spike	2022清水2022 Qingshui	32.50	31.60	24.05	—	29.90
穗粒数 Kernels per spike	2023清水2023 Qingshui	28.65	20.50	21.40	—	25.00
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	51.00	32.00	39.00	32.00	34.00
千粒重 Thousand seeds weighs (g)	2022清水2023 Qingshui	20.0	20.0	18.0	—	28.6
千粒重 Thousand seeds weighs (g)	2023清水2023 Qingshui	30.0	22.0	28.0	—	31.9
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	30.0	22.0	37.0	39.0	36.6
穗长 Spike length (cm)	2022清水2022 Qingshui	11.0	8.0	11.0	15.0	101.0
穗长 Spike length (cm)	2023清水2023 Qingshui	9.0	7.0	9.0	—	9.0
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	10.0	7.0	11.0	10.0	9.4
小穗数 Spikelet number	2022清水2022 Qingshui	9	8	10	11	19
小穗数 Spikelet number	2023清水2023 Qingshui	16	18	17	—	18
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	23	18	15	14	15

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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Pst I引物 Pst I primer	序列 Sequence (5'-3')	Mse I引物 Mse I primer	序列 Sequence (5'-3')
P00	GACTGCGTACATGCAG	M00	GATGAGTCCTGAGTAAC
P36	GACTGCGTACATGCAGACC	M31	GATGAGTCCTGAGTACCA
P46	GACTGCGTACATGCAGATT	M32	GATGAGTCCTGAGTACCC
P47	GACTGCGTACATGCAGCAA	M33	GATGAGTCCTGAGTACCG
P48	GACTGCGTACATGCAGCAC	M34	GATGAGTCCTGAGTACCT
P50	GACTGCGTACATGCAGCAT	M35	GATGAGTCCTGAGTACGA
P76	GACTGCGTACATGCAGGTC	M36	GATGAGTCCTGAGTACGC
P77	GACTGCGTACATGCAGGTG	M37	GATGAGTCCTGAGTACGG
P78	GACTGCGTACATGCAGGTT	M38	GATGAGTCCTGAGTACGT

品种代号 Variety code		1	2	3	4	5	6
种子库库号Seed bank number		0002	0050	0251	0252	0314	0456
冬春性Winter and spring growth habit		春 Spring	弱春 Weak spring	春 Spring	春 Spring	强冬 Strong winter	强冬 Strong winter
抽穗期(月/日) Heading time (month/day)	2022清水2022 Qingshui	05/19	05/18	05/19	05/09	05/10	05/21
	2023清水2023 Qingshui	05/21	05/14	05/24	05/18	05/18	05/18
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	06/09	06/09	06/13	06/11	06/29	06/26
VGLA	Vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1
	Vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1
	Vrn-D1	Vrn-D1	Vrn-D1	Vrn-D1	Vrn-D1	vrn-D1	vrn-D1
	Vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3
PGLA	Ppd-D1	Ppd-D1b	Ppd-D1b	Ppd-D1b	Ppd-D1b	Ppd-D1a	Ppd-D1b
品种代号 Variety code		7	8	9	10	11
种子库库号Seed bank number		0486	0523	0572	0804	0014
冬春性Winter and spring growth habit		强冬 Strong winter	冬 Winter	春 Spring	春 Spring	春 Spring
抽穗期(月/日) Heading time (month/day)	2022清水2022 Qingshui	05/23	05/13	05/21	05/26	05/15
	2023清水2023 Qingshui	05/18	05/25	05/22	05/23	05/26
	2023武威2023 Wuwei	06/26	06/27	06/15	06/11	06/09
VGLA	Vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1	vrn-B1
	Vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1	vrn-A1
	Vrn-D1	vrn-D1	vrn-D1	Vrn-D1	Vrn-D1	Vrn-D1
	Vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3	vrn-B3
PGLA	Ppd-D1	Ppd-D1b	Ppd-D1b	Ppd-D1b	Ppd-D1b	Ppd-D1b

品种代号 Variety code		1	2	3	4	5	6
HMW-GS类型及等位变异 HMW-GS type and allelic variation	Ax	N	N	N	N	N	N
HMW-GS类型及等位变异 HMW-GS type and allelic variation	Dx5	—	—	—	—	—	—
黄色素基因染色体及等位变异 Chromosome and allelic variations of yellow pigment gene	黄色素/2D Yellow pigment/2D	TaPds-D1a	TaZds-D1a	TaZds-D1a	TaZds-D1a	TaZds-D1a	TaZds-D1a
	黄色素/7A Yellow pigment/7A	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a
过氧化酶基因位点及等位变异 Peroxidase gene locus and allelic variations	Pod-A1	—	TaPod-A1a	TaPod-A1a	TaPod-A1a	TaPod-A1a	—
多酚氧化酶基因位点及等位变异 Polyphenol oxidase gene locus and allelic variations	Ppo-A1	Ppo-A1a	Ppo-A1a	Ppo-A1a	Ppo-A1a	Ppo-A1b	Ppo-A1b
品种代号 Variety code		7	8	9	10	11
HMW-GS类型及等位变异 HMW-GS type and allelic variation	Ax	N	N	N	N	N
	Dx5	—	—	—	—	—
黄色素基因染色体及等位变异 Chromosome and allelic variations of yellow pigment gene	黄色素/2D Yellow pigment/2D	TaZds-D1a	TaZds-D1a	TaZds-D1a	TaZds-D1a	TaZds-D1a
	黄色素/7A Yellow pigment/7A	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a	Psy-A1a
过氧化酶基因位点及等位变异 Peroxidase gene locus and allelic variations	Pod-A1	TaPod-A1a	TaPod-A1a	TaPod-A1a	TaPod-A1a	—
多酚氧化酶基因位点及等位变异 Polyphenol oxidase gene locus and allelic variations	Ppo-A1	Ppo-A1b	Ppo-A1b	Ppo-A1a	Ppo-A1a	Ppo-A1a

Molecular characterization and evaluation of important traits of landrace wheat Laomangmai in Gansu province, China

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品种代号 Variety code	P36/M32			P47/M31			P78/M33
品种代号 Variety code	总带数 Number of bands	多态性带Polymorphic bands	多态性占比 Polymorphic band percentage (%)	总带数 Number of bands	多态性带 Polymorphic bands	多态性占比 Polymorphic band percentage (%)	总带数 Number of bands	多态性带 Polymorphic bands	多态性带占比 Polymorphic band percentage (%)
1	26	3	11.54	23	8	34.78	8	3	37.50
2	32	12	37.50	17	8	47.06	23	12	52.17
3	30	10	33.33	22	13	59.09	19	9	47.37
4	26	4	15.38	20	12	60.00	20	13	65.00
5	31	11	35.48	17	9	52.94	14	4	28.57
6	32	11	34.38	12	4	33.33	29	21	72.41
7	28	8	28.57	20	9	45.00	26	12	46.15
8	29	6	20.69	23	15	65.22	31	20	64.52
9	30	8	26.67	16	8	50.00	11	3	27.27
10	29	9	31.03	19	7	36.84	12	8	66.67
11	26	5	19.23	11	4	36.36	32	22	68.75
合计Total	319	87	27.27	200	97	48.50	225	127	56.44

品种代号 Variety code		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
条锈病基因 Stripe rust gene	Yr9/Lr26/Sr31/Pm8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Yr29/Lr46/Sr58/Pm39	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	+
条锈病严重度 Stripe rust severity (%)	2022清水 2022 Qingshui	5	60	40	5	90	60	100	100	90	1	30
条锈病严重度 Stripe rust severity (%)	2023清水 2023 Qingshui	5	90	60	10	60	60	80	70	90	/	40
抗寒性 Cold hardiness	2023清水 2023 Qingshui	5	4	4	5	1	2	1	1	4	4	5

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