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Composition and evaluation of wheat glutenin subunits in exotic wheat germplasm

TIAN Han-Zhao,FENG Long-Ting,YING Kai,MENG Tian-Qi,WU Jun,LIU Yu-Xiu*   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-01-25 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-07-17
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101698), the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2024GH-ZDXM-07), and the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD04025).

Abstract:

In order to screen wheat germplasm carrying high-quality glutenin subunits and dominant polymeric multilocus genes, and to enrich genetic resources for wheat quality improvement in China, a total of 270 wheat accessions originating from CIMMYT, the United States, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Turkey were evaluated. SDS-PAGE and specific molecular marker technologies were employed to identify the composition, combination types, and frequency distribution of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS). A total of 19 HMW-GS subunits and 72 unique combinations were identified across all accessions, of which 16 combinations (28.15%) had quality scores of 8 or higher. At the Glu-1 locus, quality subunits 2*, 17+18, and 5+10 had the highest frequencies in CIMMYT germplasm (69.39%, 24.49%, and 44.90%, respectively), while subunit 7+8 showed the highest frequency (23.91%) in Kazakh accessions. Twenty accessions exhibited a quality score of 10, with subunit combinations including 1/17+18/5+10, 1/7+8/5+10, 2*/13+16/5+10, 2*/17+18/5+10, and 2*/7+8/5+10. These accessions had an average protein content of 15.08% (ranging from 13.72% to 17.57%) and an average wet gluten content of 31.63% (ranging from 28.40to 36.87%). Notably, accession 19XW005 showed significantly higher protein and wet gluten contents compared to the control high-quality strong gluten wheat variety XINONG979. A total of 21 LMW-GS alleles and 117 combinations were detected in the tested germplasm. Alleles B3b, B3d, B3g, A3dand B3i—known for their positive effects on grain quality at the Glu-3 locushad the highest frequencies in germplasm from CIMMYT (38.78%), the United States (16.67%), Russia (63.64%), and Kazakhstan (11.96% and 22.73%), respectively. The high frequency and diverse combinations of quality-related glutenin subunits in these introduced wheat accessions provide valuable germplasm resources for wheat breeding in China. These findings can contribute to broadening the genetic base and improving the processing quality of Chinese wheat varieties.

Key words: wheat, foreign-introduced germplasm, high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS), low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), molecular markers

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