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Screening of low-phosphorus tolerant germplasm and comprehensive evaluation of low phosphorus tolerance in Tartary buckwheat at seedling stage

GE Jia-Hao,LEI Xin-Yue,WANG Qing-Ming,HAN Hui-Bing,LI Shao-Fei,WANG Qi-Xuan,FENG Bai-Li,GAO Jin-Feng*#br#   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University / State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-05-06 Revised:2025-08-13 Accepted:2025-08-13 Published:2025-08-21
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFD1202700), the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2023-ZDLNY-06, 2025NC-YBXM-082), and the Modern Seed Industry Revitalization Special Fund of Shaanxi Province (K3031223130).

Abstract:

Low phosphorus availability in soil has become a major limiting factor for improving Tartary buckwheat production in China. To comprehensively evaluate the low-phosphorus tolerance of Tartary buckwheat germplasm and identify tolerant varieties, this study examined 200 germplasm resources under two phosphorus treatments: normal phosphorus (2.00 mmol L-1 KH2PO4) and low phosphorus (0.05 mmol L-1 KH2PO4). Seventeen seedling-stage traits were measured, including plant height, taproot length, shoot fresh weight, and root surface area. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, membership function analysis, and cluster analysis were employed to comprehensively assess and classify the low-phosphorus tolerance of the germplasm. In addition, stepwise regression analysis was used to develop a predictive model for low-phosphorus tolerance. The results revealed significant variation in seedling traits under both phosphorus conditions. PCA reduced the 17 traits to five independent comprehensive indices, which were then used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value (D) based on membership function analysis. Cluster analysis based on D values grouped the 200 accessions into five categories: 11 highly tolerant, 15 moderately tolerant, 80 tolerant, 81 sensitive, and 13 highly sensitive to low-phosphorus stress. Stepwise multiple regression produced a predictive model for low-phosphorus tolerance at the seedling stage: D=-0.38+0.07X1+0.42X2+0.07X3+0.06X4+0.06X5+0.05X6+0.08X7+0.05X8 (R2=0.98). Key traits contributing to this model included total root length, total fresh weight, plant height, root projection area, number of root tips, number of root forks, total dry weight, and root volume. This study established a comprehensive evaluation system for low-phosphorus tolerance in Tartary buckwheat and identified 11 highly tolerant and 13 highly sensitive accessions. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the mechanisms of low-phosphorus tolerance and for breeding low-phosphorus-tolerant Tartary buckwheat varieties.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, germplasm resources, seedling stage, low phosphorus tolerant, comprehensive evaluation

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