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Effects of Bacillus velezensis YCH92 on the rhizosphere microbial community and yield of cotton

CHEN Jia-Wei1,2,3,LIN Yan1,2,3,ZHANG Ming-Xing2,3,ZHOU Shi-Jing2,3,RAO Li-Qun1,ZHOU Chi1,2,3,*, LI Xin2,3,*   

  1. 1 College of Bioscience Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; 2 Hunan Microbiology Research Institute, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; 3 Hunan Engineering Research Center on Excavation and Utilization of the Endophytic Microbial Resources of Plants, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
  • Received:2025-01-15 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-07-16
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province (2023NK2015) and the Policy-Oriented Project Science and Technology Aid to Xinjiang and Tibet (2024WK4003).

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Abstract:

To explore the potential functions of endophytic Bacillus velezensis YCH92 and its influence on the structure of the cotton rhizosphere microbial community, as well as to improve the soil microenvironment and enhance cotton yield, this study conducted whole-genome sequencing, gene function annotation, and comparative genomic analysis. The effects of YCH92 on the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, cotton agronomic traits, and yield were systematically investigated. In addition, high-throughput sequencing was employed to assess changes in microbial community structure following YCH92 application. The results showed that strain YCH92 possesses the abilities to solubilize phosphate, produce amylase and siderophores, and harbors numerous genes involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds. In field experiments, application of YCH92 significantly increased soil organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, while reducing soil pH. A 200-fold dilution of YCH92 also enhanced microbial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere. Compared with the untreated control, YCH92 treatment increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and decreased that of Acidobacteria. At the genus level, it promoted the abundance of Sphingomonas and Knoellia, while reducing that of Haliangium. Application of YCH92 also significantly improved boll number per plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. Specifically, the 100-fold dilution increased boll number, boll weight, and seed cotton yield by 17.3%, 6.6%, and 25.0%, respectively, while the 200-fold dilution resulted in increases of 15.5%, 6.7%, and 23.2%. These findings indicate that Bacillus velezensis YCH92 can enhance soil quality and promote cotton yield, offering a theoretical basis for sustainable cotton cultivation and the green, efficient development of the cotton industry.

Key words: cotton, Bacillus velezensis, endophytes, whole genome, microbial diversity

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