Abstract: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the important sources of vegetable oil and enhancement of peanut oil content is a key objective of breeding. In this study, peanut recombined inbreed lines (RILs) were constructed from Yuanza 9102 ´ Zhonghua 5 using a seed descent method and oil content and DNA polymorphism among the RILs were analyzed. The oil range of the RILs was 50.85–62.11%, which was much wider than the two parents of 53.13–57.07%, indicating that there was heterobeltiosis for oil content. The highest oil content in the RILs was higher than that of the high oil parent Zhonghua 5 by 5%. Through DNA diversity analysis using SSR approach, there was wider DNA polymorphism among the RILs. The high oil recombined lines existed in various clusters with considerable genetic distance. The high oil content was found not linked with other important traits such as 100-pod weight and resistance to bacterial wilt. Three line-pairs with zero genetic distance and similar oil content and agronomic characteristics but different in resistance to bacterial wilt were found, which might be desirable genetic materials for molecular marker research or gene cloning. Three elite lines with high oil content, desirable agronomic characters and bacterial wilt resistance were identified and they would be soon tested in regional varietal trials.

Key words: Peanut, Recombined Inbreed Lines (RILs), Oil content, SSR, Resistance to bacterial wilt