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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (11): 1705-1714.

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Root Length Density and Yield of Spring Wheat in Permanent Raised-bed Cropping System

MA Zhong-Ming1*,CHEN Juan2,LYUXiao-Dong1,LIU Ting-Ting1   

  1. 1 Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2 Institute of Economic Crops and Malting Barley Material, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2016-11-02 Revised:2017-07-23 Online:2017-11-12 Published:2017-08-03
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503125-02).

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Abstract:

Permanent raised-bed (PRB) with fixed traffic lane and furrow irrigation is a new cropping pattern of spring wheat in Hexi Corridor of China, which may substitute the traditional flat-planting and flood irrigation technique in this area. To guild water and N application in spring wheat cultivation under PRB condition, we carried out a two-year (2014–2015) field experiment in a split-plot design, with irrigation as the main plot and nitrogen (N) application as the sub-plot. The irrigation amounts were 1200 (W1200), 2400 (W2400), and 3600 m3 ha-1 (W3600), and the N application rates were 0 (N), 90 (N90), 180 (N180), and 270 kg ha-1 (N270). The effects on wheat root length density (RLD) at different growth stages and final yield were assessed. With increasing the level of irrigation or N application, wheat RLD showed a up–down changing trend, and the irrigation effect was larger than the nitrogen effect. Grain yield was positively correlated with RLD at anthesis, filling and maturity stages. Regression analysis revealed that the highest RLD could be obtained under the combination of 2850 m3 ha-1 irrigation and 196–207 kg ha-1 N. In the moderate irrigation treatment (2400 m3 ha-1), the RLD significantly increased at major wheat growth stages. Meanwhile, the RLD proportion in 40–80 cm soil depth raised, leading to increased water use efficient (WUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NUEa) of wheat. The comprehensive consideration of wheat yield, NUEa and WUE indicates that moderate irrigation (2400 m3 ha-1) and N application rate (180 kg ha-1) is the best management in PRB cropping wheat in Hexi Corridor. More irrigation to 3600 m3 ha-1 had no significant effect to increase yield but resulted in significant decreases of WUE and NUEa because wheat RLD at major growth stages was decreased under luxurious irrigation condition and the RLD proportion in 40–80 cm soil depth was low resulting from the increased RLD proportion in 0–40 cm soil depth.

Key words: Water and nitrogen coupling, Permanent raised bed, Root length density, Grain yield, Spring wheat

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