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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1506-1516.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01506

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Variation of Grain Iron and Zinc Contents and Their Bioavailability of Wheat Cultivars with Different-colored Grains under Combined Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization

Xin HUANG1,Yao-Guang LI1,Wan SUN1,Jun-Feng HOU1,Ying MA1,Jian ZHANG2,Dong-Yun MA1,3,*(),Chen-Yang WANG1,3,Tian-Cai GUO1   

  1. 1 Agronomy College / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    2 Food and Science Technology College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
    3 The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science / Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • Received:2018-01-30 Accepted:2018-07-20 Online:2018-10-10 Published:2018-08-02
  • Contact: Dong-Yun MA E-mail:xmzxmdy@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300400);the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(162300410137)

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Abstract:

Six wheat cultivars with different-colored grains (white, red, and black) were used to investigate effects of combined N (N1: 90 kg N ha-1; N2: 240 kg N ha-1) and P (P1: 60 kg P2O5 ha-1; P2: 209 kg P2O5 ha-1) fertilization on grain yield, Fe and Zn contents and accumulation in grain, and their bioavailability in a two-year field experiment. Black-grain cultivars had a higher average Fe and Zn bioavailability than the red- and white-grain cultivars. Meanwhile, there were inter-annual differences in Fe and Zn contents and accumulation in grains among different wheat cultivars. Maximum grain yield, Fe and Zn contents and accumulation were observed under N2P1 treatment, while highest Fe and Zn bioavailability were observed under N2P2 or N2P1 treatment. Red-grain cultivars Yangmai 15 and Yangmai 22 got the highest Fe and Zn contents, and accumulation amount under N2P1 treatment. Black-grain cultivars Zhouheimai 1 and Zimai 1 got the highest Fe content and accumulation amount under N2P2 treatment, followed by N2P1. Most cultivars had the highest Fe and Zn bioavailability under N2P1 or N2P2 treatment, which indicated that increasing N application results in a higher grain yield, Fe and Zn contents, and their bioavailability. In this experiment, wheat cultivars would benefit from N2P1 treatment in terms of grain yield, Fe and Zn contents, and their bioavailability.

Key words: wheat, nitrogen and phosphorus combinations, grain yield, iron and zinc contents, bioavailability

Supplementary table 1

Developmental stages of wheat cultivars during growing periods in 2014 and 2015"

品种
Cultivar		 播期
Sowing date
(month/day)		 开花期
Flowering date
(month/day)		 收获期
Harvest date
(month/day)		 灌浆期
Grain filling duration
(d)
2013-2014
豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 10/16 4/21 5/31 40
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 10/16 4/18 5/29 41
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 10/23 4/18 5/29 41
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 10/23 4/18 5/29 41
周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 10/16 4/21 5/31 40
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 10/16 4/21 5/31 40
2014-2015
豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 10/15 4/29 6/3 35
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 10/15 4/25 5/31 36
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 10/22 4/25 5/31 36
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 10/22 4/25 5/31 36
周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 10/15 4/29 6/3 35
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 10/15 4/29 6/3 35

Supplementary table 2

Variance analysis (mean square) of yield, Fe and Zn contents of wheat grain"

变异来源
Source		 穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
GNS		 千粒重
TKW		 产量
Yield		 铁含量
Fe content		 锌含量
Zn content		 植酸/铁
PA/Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn
年份 Year (Y) 1944.0 350.7* 476.8* 7812861.2* 6070.5** 108.9** 0.3 923.4**
肥料 Fertilization (F) 54607.7* 246.4* 41.6* 6809056.7* 1519.0** 430.6** 61.3** 1102.7**
品种 Cultivar (C) 28771.5* 1119.2* 202.1* 1434103.0* 400.9* 45.2** 40.8** 59.4**
F×Y 12702.4* 54.9 28.7* 612532.7 2017.9** 263.7** 16.9 171.7**
Y×C 13975.0* 54.2 15.0* 674687.9* 337.9* 26.1 7.6** 75.6**
F×C 17702.2 359.3 10.4* 346523.7 479.7** 42.9** 7.6** 23.6**
F×Y×C 45591.5* 314.9 10.0* 456607.8 266.0* 64.6** 6.7 46.9**

Table 1

Grain yield and its components of wheat cultivars with different-colored grains"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 穗数
SN (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
GNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2013-2014
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 585 ab 26 b 50.1 a 6875 a
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 620 a 36 a 41.9 bc 7229 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 518 ab 36 a 50.3 a 6958 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 481 b 39 a 44.0 b 6854 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 503 b 37 a 41.1 c 7118 a
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 498 b 37 a 43.9 b 6618 a
2014-2015
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 619 a 33 b 45.9 a 6402 ab
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 559 bc 40 a 40.6 c 6716 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 510 d 39 a 43.0 b 6889 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 600 ab 41 a 39.0 c 6586 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 526 cd 42 a 36.4 d 5954 cb
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 510 d 39 a 39.8 c 5679 c
2年平均 Average of two years
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 602 a 30 b 48.0 a 6639 ab
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 590 a 38 a 41.3 b 6973 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 514 b 38 a 46.7 a 6924 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 541 ab 40 a 41.5 b 6720 ab
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 515 b 40 a 38.8 c 6536 ab
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 504 b 38 a 41.9 b 6149 b

Table 2

Effect of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on grain yield and its components"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
SN (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
GNS		 千粒重
TKW (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2013-2014 N1P1 518 bc 37 a 45.0 bc 6625 b
N2P1 560 ab 38 a 45.3 ab 7565 a
N1P2 478 c 36 a 46.4 a 6620 b
N2P2 581 a 36 a 44.2 c 6958 b
2014-2015 N1P1 459 c 39 a 39.0 c 5586 d
N2P1 645 a 41 a 43.7 a 7100 a
N1P2 510 b 36 b 41.5 b 6163 c
N2P2 602 a 40 a 39.0 c 6638 b
2年平均 N1P1 489 b 38 ab 42.0 a 6106 c
Average N2P1 603 a 40 a 44.5 a 7333 a
of two years N1P2 494 b 36 b 44.0 a 6392 c
N2P2 592 a 38 ab 41.6 a 6798 b

Table 3

Grain Fe and Zn contents, and accumulative amount of wheat cultivar with different-colored grains"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 铁含量
Fe content
(mg kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content
(mg kg-1)		 铁积累量
Fe accumulation
(g hm-2)		 锌积累量
Zn accumulation
(g hm-2)
2013-2014
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 51.9 b 33.4 c 361.5 b 233.4 b
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 53.0 b 34.0 bc 385.9 b 245.5 ab
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 51.6 b 35.2 ab 361.3 b 247.1 ab
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 54.8 b 33.5 c 378.2 b 229.5 b
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 55.0 b 36.5 a 391.3 b 259.5 a
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 63.7 a 35.6 ab 421.8 a 235.3 b
2014-2015
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 48.7 b 36.6 ab 313.7 abc 234.9 a
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 49.5 a 35.2 ab 336.2 a 239.5 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 48.2 b 35.0 ab 336.3 ab 242.5 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 43.1 c 33.8 b 288.3 cd 227.9 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 50.9 a 35.1 ab 306.9 bcd 213.7 a
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 48.5 bc 38.5 a 278.1 d 216.2 a
2年平均 Average of two years
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 50.3 c 35.0 ab 337.6 a 234.2 a
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 51.3 bc 34.6 ab 361.1 a 242.5 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 49.9 c 35.1 ab 348.8 a 244.8 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 49.0 c 33.7 b 333.3 a 228.7 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号 Zhouheimai 1 53.0 b 35.8 ab 349.1 a 236.6 a
紫麦1号 Zimai 1 56.1 a 37.1 a 350.0 a 225.8 a

Table 4

Effect of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on Fe and Zn contents, and accumulative amount in grain"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 铁含量
Fe content (mg kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content (mg kg-1)		 铁积累量
Fe accumulation (g hm-2)		 锌积累量
Zn accumulation (g hm-2)
2013-2014 N1P1 42.5 b 33.4 bc 282.4 c 222.0 bc
N2P1 60.1 a 39.2 a 454.2 a 296.1 a
N1P2 56.3 a 30.7 d 371.9 b 203.0 c
N2P2 61.2 a 35.5 b 425.9 ab 246.4 b
2014-2015 N1P1 39.3 b 31.9 b 219.0 c 177.2 b
N2P1 54.5 a 40.5 a 388.9 a 287.2 a
N1P2 46.5 ab 30.3 b 289.4 bc 187.9 b
N2P2 51.5 a 40.5 a 341.1 ab 264.0 a
2年平均 N1P1 40.9 c 32.7 b 250.0 c 199.6 c
Average N2P1 57.3 a 39.9 a 421.6 a 291.7 a
of two years N1P2 51.4 b 30.5 b 330.7 b 195.5 c
N2P2 56.4 ab 38.0 a 383.5 a 255.2 b

Supplementary table 3

Contents and accumulations of Fe and Zn in wheat grains and their bioavailability under combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization"

品种类型
Cultivar
type		 品种名称
Cultivar
name		 处理
Treatment		 铁含量
Fe content
(mg kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content
(mg kg-1)		 铁积累量
Fe accumulation
(g hm-2)		 锌积累量
Zn accumulation
(g hm-2)		 植酸/铁
PA/Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn
2013-2014
白粒 豫麦49-198 N1P1 38.13 b 27.26 d 226.7 b 162.0 c 33.96 a 55.13 a
White-grain Yumai 49-198 N2P1 57.12 a 40.43 a 463.3 a 327.9 a 28.92 b 47.43 ab
N1P2 56.15 a 31.29 cd 365.0 a 203.4 bc 26.63 bc 55.47 a
N2P2 56.31 a 34.58 b 391.0 a 240.1 b 24.02 c 45.40 b
郑麦366 N1P1 37.68 b 36.49 b 257.5 c 249.3 bc 34.36 a 41.19 c
Zhengmai 366 N2P1 58.90 a 38.90 a 476.1 a 314.4 a 25.52 bc 44.85 c
N1P2 52.88 a 27.43 d 354.0 bc 183.6 c 27.22 b 60.92 a
N2P2 62.42 a 33.03 c 456.0 ab 241.3 bc 23.62 c 51.80 b
红粒 扬麦15 N1P1 49.49 b 31.85 c 342.3 b 220.3 c 29.76 b 53.68 a
Red-grain Yangmai 15 N2P1 68.24 a 39.03 a 494.7 a 282.9 a 22.66 c 44.95 b
N1P2 43.45 b 32.49 c 288.5 b 215.7 c 32.70 a 50.76 a
N2P2 45.47 b 37.41 b 319.5 b 262.9 b 32.07 a 45.24 b
扬麦22 N1P1 40.94 b 31.32 c 265.0 c 202.7 b 30.24 a 45.90 b
Yangmai 22 N2P1 60.04 a 36.74 a 475.9 a 288.8 a 20.81 d 39.81 c
N1P2 58.85 a 27.92 d 415.2 ab 197.0 b 26.80 b 65.58 a
N2P2 59.19 a 37.94 a 356.8 b 228.7 b 25.39 bc 45.99 b
黑粒 周黑麦1号 N1P1 46.28 c 36.53 b 334.2 c 263.8 a 32.09 a 47.18 a
Black-grain Zhouheimai 1 N2P1 52.35 b 39.46 a 362.0 b 272.9 a 24.69 b 38.02 b
N1P2 55.69 b 35.58 bc 374.4 b 239.2 a 22.9 bc 41.60 ab
N2P2 60.55 a 34.23 c 498.9 a 260.5 a 19.21 c 42.70 ab
紫麦1号 N1P1 42.27 b 36.76 bc 268.9 c 233.8 ab 32.74 a 43.70 b
Zimai 1 N2P1 63.66 a 40.39 a 456.2 ab 289.5 a 21.73 b 39.76 bc
N1P2 71.04 a 29.28 c 434.1 b 178.9 b 18.99 bc 53.49 a
N2P2 77.98 a 35.84 bc 532.9 a 244.9 ab 16.29 c 41.15 b
品种类型
Cultivar
type		 品种名称
Cultivar
name		 处理
Treatment		 铁含量
Fe content
(mg kg-1)		 锌含量
Zn content
(mg kg-1)		 铁积累量
Fe accumulation
(g hm-2)		 锌积累量
Zn accumulation
(g hm-2)		 植酸/铁
PA/Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn
2014-2015
白粒 豫麦49-198 N1P1 35.99 b 31.66 a 215.2 b 189.2 a 34.33 a 45.29 a
White-grain Yumai 49-198 N2P1 49.79 a 40.68 a 328.6 a 268.5 a 23.69 c 33.65 bc
N1P2 51.65 a 35.07 a 329.1 a 223.4 a 25.51 bc 43.61 a
N2P2 57.34 a 38.99 a 381.7 a 259.0 a 17.33 d 29.58 c
郑麦366 N1P1 40.12 b 29.16 a 231.4 b 168.6 b 32.38 a 51.71 a
Zhengmai 366 N2P1 54.13 ab 40.04 a 391.3 a 289.3 a 20.94 c 32.86 b
N1P2 48.11 ab 32.63 a 306.6 ab 208.0 ab 26.14 bc 44.73 ab
N2P2 55.48 a 38.93 a 415.3 a 291.2 a 20.08 d 33.22 b
红粒 扬麦15 N1P1 41.11 b 30.81 b 272.9 b 204.5 b 31.35 a 48.56 a
Red-grain Yangmai 15 N2P1 68.88 a 41.33 a 511.3 a 306.8 a 18.10 b 35.03 b
N1P2 46.92 ab 31.17 b 326.7 b 217.0 b 29.54 ba 51.63 a
N2P2 35.89 b 37.48 ab 234.5 b 244.9 ab 32.36 a 35.97 b
扬麦22 N1P1 38.03 b 31.43 b 218.0 c 180.2 b 32.61 a 45.81 a
Yangmai 22 N2P1 55.16 a 39.37 a 425.6 a 303.7 a 21.28 c 34.62 b
N1P2 39.06 b 29.19 b 240.2 b 179.5 b 31.88 a 49.53 a
N2P2 39.94 b 36.81 ab 269.6 b 248.4 ab 26.74 c 33.68 b
黑粒 周黑麦1号 N1P1 40.68 c 36.64 a 197.1 c 177.5 b 32.62 a 42.04 ab
Black-grain Zhouheimai 1 N2P1 50.24 b 38.53 a 339.7 ab 260.5 a 23.93 c 36.22 b
N1P2 52.62 b 27.68 b 319.8 b 168.2 b 23.74 b 52.37 a
N2P2 59.95 a 37.34 a 367.7 a 229.0 ab 18.04 c 33.63 b
紫麦1号 N1P1 42.01 c 31.75 c 181.5 b 144.0 b 31.89 a 46.65 a
Zimai 1 N2P1 48.98 b 42.81 b 336.7 a 294.3 a 21.48 c 28.52 b
N1P2 42.86 bc 26.0 8c 216.2 b 131.5 b 27.57 ab 52.60 a
N2P2 60.30 a 53.46 a 377.71 a 294.9 a 17.52 c 22.94 b

Table 5

Bioavailability of Fe and Zn of wheat cultivar with different-colored grain"

类型
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 2014 2015 2年平均Average of two years
植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn		 植酸/铁
PA/Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn		 植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌PA/Zn
白粒
White-grain		 豫麦49-198 Yumai 49-198 28.38 b 50.85 a 25.21 b 38.03 b 26.80 ab 44.44 a
郑麦366 Zhengmai 366 27.68 b 49.68 ab 24.88 c 40.62 a 26.28 b 45.15 a
红粒
Red-grain		 扬麦15 Yangmai 15 29.29 a 48.65 b 27.84 ab 42.79 a 28.57 a 45.72 a
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 25.81 b 49.32 ab 28.13 a 40.91 a 26.97 ab 45.12 a
黑粒
Black-grain		 周黑麦1号Zhouheimai 1 24.72 c 42.37 d 24.58 b 41.06 a 24.65 c 41.72 b
紫麦1号Zimai 1 22.43 d 44.52 c 24.62 c 37.67 b 23.53 c 41.10 b

Table 6

Effect of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on bioavailability of Fe and Zn"

处理
Treatment		 2014 2015 2年平均Average of two years
植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn		 植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn		 植酸/铁
PA /Fe		 植酸/锌
PA/Zn
N1P1 32.19a 47.79 bc 32.53 a 46.67 b 32.36 a 47.23 a
N2P1 24.06 c 42.47d 21.72 c 33.48 c 22.89 c 37.98 b
N1P2 25.88 b 54.63 a 27.39 b 49.07 a 26.64 b 51.85 a
N2P2 23.73 c 45.38 cd 21.01 c 31.50 c 22.37 c 38.44 b
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