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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1694-1703.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01694

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Wheat under No-tillage with Previous Plastic Mulched Maize

Cai ZHAO,Qiao-Mei WANG,Yao GUO,Wen YIN,Zhi-Long FAN,Fa-Long HU,Ai-Zhong YU,Qiang CHAI()   

  1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2018-02-06 Accepted:2018-07-20 Online:2018-11-12 Published:2018-08-08
  • Contact: Qiang CHAI E-mail:chaiq@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503125-3)

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Abstract:

The high-efficient utilization of water and nitrogen in wheat production under no tillage with previous plastic mulched maize is a new field management technology in oasis irrigation areas. In order to construct the efficient production technology of water and nitrogen in this area, a three-year field experiment was conducted in 2015 to 2017 to determine synergetic effect on dry matter accumulation, yield and its components under two kinds of tillage practices for previous plastic mulched maize (no tillage with plastic mulching, NT; conventional tillage with plastic mulching, CT), two irrigation levels (conventional irrigation, I2; reduced 20% irrigation, I1) and three nitrogen levels (225 kg ha -1, N3; 180 kg ha -1, N2; 135 kg ha -1, N1). The tillage practices, irrigation and nitrogen application had significant effect on crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation of wheat. Compared with CT practice, NT significantly increased crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation of wheat by 22.0% to 28.0% and 6.4% to 7.4%, respectively, during the entire growth period; and improved biomass yield at harvesting stage by 5.4% to 15.1%. Similarly, no tillage with low irrigation (NTI1) increased crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation of wheat by 7.7% to 13.4% and 3.1 to 5.9%, respectively, during the entire growth period, and improved biomass yield at harvesting stage by 8.7% to 10.5%, as compared with conventional tillage with high irrigation (CTI2). No tillage with low irrigation and moderate nitrogen application (NTI1N2) improved crop growth rate by 6.9% to 20.5% and 4.1% to 14.0%, and enhanced biomass yield at harvesting stage by 7.8% to 9.7% and 4.8% to 10.2%, respectively, in comparison to conventional tillage with high irrigation and moderate, high nitrogen (CTI2N2, CTI2N3). Thus, NT practice had greater grain yield of 10.1% to 10.4% more than CT, NTI1 boosted grain yield by 13.0% to 14.8% and 9.4% to 10.1% over CTI2 and CTI1 patterns, respectively. NTI1N2 enhanced grain yield by 3.7% to 9.8% and 15.2% to 22.0%, in comparison to CTI2N2 and CTI2N3 treatments, respectively. In addition, the NTI1N2 treatment significantly increased spike number (SN), kernel number per spike (KNS) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and especially SN and TKW of the NTI1N2 treatment were higher than these of other treatments. The path analysis further confirmed that the increase of SN and TKW was the main reason for boosting grain yield of wheat under NTI1N2 treatment. Therefore, the model under no-tillage and previous plastic mulched maize combined with low irrigation (1920 m 3 ha -1) and moderate nitrogen (180 kg ha -1) is feasible for high-efficient production of wheat in an arid oasis irrigation area.

Key words: spring wheat, water-nitrogen coupling, tillage practice, dry matter accumulation, crop productivity

Fig. 1

Dynamic of dry matter accumulation of wheat in different tillage practices and water-nitrogen coupling patterns NT: no tillage with plastic mulching; CT: conventional tillage with plastic mulching; I2: conventional irrigation (2400 m3 hm-2); I1: reduced 20% irrigation (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: conventional nitrogen application (225 kg hm-2); N2: reduced 20% nitrogen (180 kg hm-2); N1: reduced 40% nitrogen (135 kg hm-2). The error bar indicates standard error (n = 3)."

Table 1

Wheat growth rate of in various growing stages under different tillage practices and water-nitrogen coupling patterns (kg hm-2 d-1)"

耕作措施
Tillage practice		 灌水水平
Irrigation
level		 施氮水平
Fertilizer
level		 苗期-拔节期
Seedling to
jointing		 拔节-孕穗期
Jointing to booting		 孕穗-灌浆初期
Booting to early-filling		 灌浆初期-中期
Early-filling to mid-filling		 灌浆中期-收获期
Mid-filling to
harvesting
2016
NT I2 N3 151 b 380 a 269 g 393 a 170 d
N2 140 cd 349 b 287 f 387 a 105 f
N1 135 d 264 e 368 cd 241 c 196 c
I1 N3 193 a 302 cd 406 b 213 e 230 b
N2 156 b 279 de 352 d 302 b 253 a
N1 144 c 226 g 409 b 298 b 87 g
CT I2 N3 148 bc 314 c 353 d 230 cd 143 e
N2 130 d 296 d 319 e 223 d 232 b
N1 136 d 280 de 314 e 183 f 139 e
I1 N3 109 e 270 e 425 a 200 e 81 h
N2 110 e 271 e 358 d 217 de 103 f
N1 102 f 244 f 383 c 208 e 78 h
2017
NT I2 N3 112 a 297 bc 353 de 335 b 194 c
N2 97 b 337 a 346 e 384 a 184 d
N1 81 ef 299 bc 357 de 306 c 167 e
I1 N3 84 cde 327 a 378 d 347 b 206 b
N2 87 cd 281 de 426 c 305 c 219 a
N1 91 c 224 f 475 a 316 c 195 c
CT I2 N3 99 b 304 b 342 ef 244 f 209 b
N2 85 cd 298 bc 337 ef 308 c 222 a
N1 86 cd 295 c 331 f 276 d 160 f
I1 N3 74 f 309 b 449 b 273 de 183 d
N2 88 cd 277 e 463 ab 313 c 198 bc
N1 54 g 291 cd 446 b 254 ef 130 g
显著性值 (P)
耕作措施 Tillage practice (T) 0.002 NS NS 0.000 0.000
灌水水平 Irrigation level (I) NS 0.007 0.000 0.040 0.032
施氮量 Nitrogen level (N) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
耕作措施×灌水水平 T×I NS NS NS NS NS
耕作措施×施氮量 T×N 0.001 0.009 0.024 0.002 0.000
灌水水平×施氮量 I×N NS 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.015
耕作措施×灌水水平×施氮量 T×I×N NS 0.016 0.010 0.038 NS

Table 2

Grain yield and yield components of wheat under different tillage practices and water-nitrogen coupling patterns"

耕作措施
Tillage practice		 灌水水平
Irrigation level		 施氮水平
Nitrogen level		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 产量构成因素 Yield component
穗数 SN
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
KNS		 千粒重TKW (g)
2016
NT I2 N3 8734 abc 811.1 c 45.8 b 46.0 de
N2 8979 ab 852.8 b 46.1 b 51.1 ab
N1 7908 def 783.3 e 45.2 b 44.7 de
I1 N3 9133 a 875.0 a 49.7 a 51.9 a
N2 9046 ab 861.1 ab 50.2 a 50.4 abc
N1 8553 abcd 805.6 cd 45.5 b 47.1 cd
CT I2 N3 7416 ef 722.2 g 44.3 b 45.8 de
N2 8731 abc 794.4 de 43.1 bc 46.3 de
N1 7132 f 706.9 h 39.7 c 42.9 e
I1 N3 8227 cde 798.6 cde 44.9 b 48.2 bcd
N2 8189 cde 758.3 f 44.6 b 47.6 bcd
N1 7866 def 729.2g 43.0 bc 45.0 de
2017
NT I2 N3 8485 b 783 cde 41.3 abc 45.0 cde
N2 9148 a 840 ab 44.3 a 49.2 a
N1 7667 e 755 de 40.2 abc 42.8 def
I1 N3 8927 a 846 ab 43.6 ab 47.4 abc
N2 8851 a 859 a 44.7 a 48.8 ab
N1 7863 de 774 cde 42.2 ab 45.7 bcd
CT I2 N3 7685 e 745 e 40.3 abc 42.3 def
N2 8062 cd 739 ef 41.4 abc 44.4 cde
N1 6945 f 693 f 37.5 c 40.5 f
I1 N3 8238 bc 809 abc 41.9 abc 45.1 cd
N2 8141 cd 806 bcd 41.2 ac 47.1 abc
N1 7060 f 764 cde 39.0 bc 41.6 ef
显著性值 (P)
耕作措施 Tillage practice (T) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
灌水水平 Irrigation level (I) 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.004
施氮量 Nitrogen level (N) 0.000 0.002 0.003 0.000
耕作措施×灌水水平 T×I NS NS NS NS
耕作措施×施氮量 T×N NS NS NS NS
灌水水平×施氮量 I×N 0.000 NS NS 0.003
耕作措施×灌水水平×施氮量 T×I×N NS NS NS NS

Table 3

Correlation coefficient and path coefficient of wheat between grain yield and yield components"

年份
Year		 指标
Parameter		 与籽粒产量的简单相关系数
Correlation coefficient with yield		 直接通径系数
Direct path coefficient		 间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
穗数 SN 穗粒数 KSN 千粒重 TKW
2016 穗数 SN 0.764** 0.551** — -0.112 0.325
穗粒数KNS 0.391* -0.163 0.381 — 0.173
千粒重TKW 0.781** 0.428** 0.419 -0.066 —
2017 穗数 SN 0.747** 0.336* — 0.076 0.335
穗粒数KNS 0.635** 0.112 0.228 — 0.296
千粒重TKW 0.786** 0.488** 0.231 0.068 —
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doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00778
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