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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 879-892.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.81070

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of supplemental irrigation with micro-sprinkling hoses on soil physical properties, water consumption and grain yield of winter wheat

Xin-Nan HE,Xiang LIN,Shu-Bo GU,Dong WANG()   

  1. Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-10-06 Accepted:2019-01-12 Online:2019-06-12 Published:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Dong WANG E-mail:wangd@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research the Public Interest of China(201503130);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271660)

Abstract:

Water shortage is a major problem threatening agricultural sustainability, especially winter wheat production, in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China and water-saving cultivation with limited irrigation is a promising technique in this area. It is important to explore the differences between border irrigation (BI) and micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation (MSI) on soil physical properties, water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat, which can provide theoretical and technical support for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of winter wheat in this region. In 2016 to 2018 winter wheat growing season, BI and MSI were set to study the effects of the two irrigation treatments on soil bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, field capacity in the 0-40 cm soil layer, as well as evaporation, evapotranspiration, grain yield and water use efficiency in each growth stage of winter wheat. Compared with BI treatment, MSI treatment decreased the bulk density, but increased the total porosity, capillary porosity and field capacity in 0-20 cm soil layer. In addition, the spring tiller after revival and the evaporation and evapotranspiration from revival to jointing and total water consumption were significantly reduced in MSI treatment. Grain yield was not significantly changed, but water use efficiency was significantly increased in MSI treatment. The above results suggest that MSI can improve the soil physical properties, optimize the population structure, and decrease total water consumption by reducing evaporation and ineffective evapotranspiration of plants, so as to enhance water use efficiency while maintaining high grain yield.

Key words: winter wheat, micro-sprinkler supplemental irrigation, border irrigation, soil physical properties, grain yield, water use efficiency

Table 1

Soil nutrient contents in 0-20 cm soil layer of experimental field before sowing"

生长季
Growing season
有机质
Organic matter (g kg-1)
全氮
Total N (g kg-1)
碱解氮
Available N (mg kg-1)
速效磷
Available P (mg kg-1)
速效钾
Available K (mg kg-1)
2016-2017 11.16 1.10 91.40 50.80 140.80
2017-2018 11.37 1.16 96.16 53.64 140.21

Table 2

Soil bulk density, field capacity, total porosity, and capillary porosity in 0-40 cm soil layer of experimental field"

土层
Soil layer (cm)
容重
Bulk density (g cm-3)
田间持水率
Field capacity (%)
总孔隙度
Total porosity (%)
毛管孔隙度
Capillary porosity (%)
2016-2017
0-5 1.18 41.58 55.66 33.33
5-10 1.21 41.35 54.51 34.11
10-15 1.14 44.09 56.91 35.25
15-20 1.28 37.93 51.79 31.16
20-25 1.54 25.73 41.92 19.51
25-30 1.56 24.32 41.07 17.68
30-35 1.55 25.46 41.48 19.32
35-40 1.44 28.26 45.56 22.01
2017-2018
0-5 1.09 44.71 58.73 45.73
5-10 1.17 43.07 55.80 42.80
10-15 1.08 48.01 59.38 46.38
15-20 1.15 43.28 56.61 43.61
20-25 1.49 27.51 43.86 30.86
25-30 1.56 24.23 40.98 27.98
30-35 1.55 26.09 41.59 28.59
35-40 1.43 28.59 46.08 33.08

Fig. 1

Precipitation and air temperature in growing seasons of winter wheat in 2016 to 2018"

Table 3

Amount of irrigation in different treatments from 2016 to 2018 (mm)"

处理
Treatment
2016-2017 2017-2018
播种期
Sowing
冬前期
Pre-wintering
拔节期
Jointing
开花期
Anthesis
总量
Total
播种期
Sowing
冬前期
Pre-wintering
拔节期
Jointing
开花期
Anthesis
总量
Total
MSI 45.9 b 63.5 b 48.7 b 158.1 b 54.0 b 54.3 b 108.3 b
BI 72.2 a 78.4 a 68.9 a 219.5 a 82.7 a 75.5 a 158.2 a

Fig. 2

Changes of soil relative water content in 0-100 cm soil layer before and after supplementary irrigation under different treatments MSI-B: before irrigation under micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment; BI-B: before irrigation under border irrigation treatment; MSI-A: after irrigation under micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment; BI-A: after irrigation under border irrigation treatment."

Fig. 3

Changes of bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer under different treatments MSI: micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment; BI: border irrigation treatment."

Fig. 4

Changes of field capacity in 0-40 cm soil layer under different treatments MSI: micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment; BI: border irrigation treatment."

Fig. 5

Changes of soil total porosity in 0-40 cm soil layer under different treatments MSI: micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment; BI: border irrigation treatment."

Fig. 6

Changes of soil capillary porosity in 0-40 cm soil layer under different treatments MSI: micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment; BI: border irrigation treatment."

Fig. 7

Daily evaporation of winter wheat and average daily air temperature MSI: micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment; BI: border irrigation treatment; A: irrigation at sowing; B: irrigation at pre-wintering; C: irrigation at jointing; D: irrigation at anthesis."

Table 4

Water consumption of winter wheat in different growth stages and its composition under different treatments"

处理
Treatment
播种-越冬
Sowing-Pre-wintering
冬前-返青
Pre-wintering-Revival
返青-拔节
Revival-Jointing
拔节-开花
Jointing-Anthesis
开花-成熟
Anthesis-Maturity
耗水量
WCA
(mm)
蒸发量
E
(mm)
蒸腾量
T
(mm)
耗水量
WCA
(mm)
蒸发量
E
(mm)
蒸腾量
T
(mm)
耗水量
WCA
(mm)
蒸发量
E
(mm)
蒸腾量
T
(mm)
耗水量
WCA
(mm)
蒸发量
E
(mm)
蒸腾量
T
(mm)
耗水量
WCA
(mm)
蒸发量
E
(mm)
蒸腾量
T
(mm)
2016-2017
MSI 21.4 b 39.5 b 8.8 b 73.8 b 13.3 b 33.6 b 95.9 b 11.5 b 84.5 b 75.2 a 9.0 b 66.1 a 168.5 a 18.6 b 149.9 a
BI 64.4 a 51.2 a 13.2 a 96.9 a 20.9 a 75.9 a 108.5 a 15.4 a 93.2 a 60.0 b 12.7 a 47.3 b 164.1 a 22.7 a 141.4 b
2017-2018
MSI 45.2 a 17.4 a 27.8 a 39.1 b 19.0 b 20.1 b 76.4 b 4.7 b 71.7 b 127.0 a 7.3 b 119.7 a 112.4 a 9.3 b 103.2 a
BI 45.2 a 17.4 a 27.8 a 80.8 a 29.6 a 51.3 a 88.5 a 6.1 a 82.4 a 95.2 b 10.4 a 84.8 b 102.7 b 14.6 a 88.1 b

Fig. 8

Dynamic changes of population culms in different treatments of winter wheat MSI: micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment; BI: border irrigation treatment."

Table 5

Factors of yield, grain yield, and water use efficiency of winter wheat under different treatment"

处理
Treatment
穗数
Number of spikes
(×104 hm-2)
穗粒数
Grains per
spike
千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)
籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
水分利用效率
Water use efficiency
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
2016-2017
MSI 759 a 28.7 a 46.5 a 9417.2 a 21.7 a
BI 788 a 29.1 a 45.9 a 9626.8 a 19.5 b
2017-2018
MSI 522 a 32.6 a 47.0 a 7898.9 a 19.7 a
BI 540 a 31.4 a 46.6 a 7730.2 a 18.8 b

Table 6

Ecological and economic benefit analysis of micro-sprinkling supplemental irrigation treatment compared with border irrigation treatment"

处理
Treatment
总灌水量
TIA
(m3 hm-2)
设备投入
(折旧费) EI (DC)
(Yuan hm-2 year-1)
灌溉用电量
IE
(kW h-1 hm-2)
灌溉用电费
IEC
(Yuan hm-2)
灌溉用工费
ILC
(Yuan hm-2)
产值
GOV
(Yuan hm-2)
净收益
NI
(Yuan hm-2)
2016-2017 -614.0 675.0 -257.9 -309.5 -1200.0 1192.1 2026.6
2017-2018 -502.0 675.0 -191.5 -229.8 -800.0 1826.7 2181.5
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