基于表型性状构建中国花生地方品种骨干种质

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94101

Abstract

Abstract:

Chinese peanut landraces are important parent resources in peanut breeding due to their abundant genetic diversity. In this study, a total of 2741 original accessions from peanut seed bank were divided into 26 groups based on their botanical variety and ecological distribution. The key accessions were established based on the analysis of 13 phenotypic traits by the square root strategy, UPGMA clustering within groups and random sampling in individual clusters, and evaluated by t-test, F-test, Chi-squared test, ranging, the ratio of phenotypic retention, and phenotypic correlation analyses. Finally, the principal components analysis (PCA) and the histogram analysis were used to re-confirm the key germplasm. The total of 259 as a key germplasm was selected, accounting for 9.4% of total accessions, which included 14 of var. fastigiata, 85 of var. vulgaris, 42 of var. hirsuta, 103 of var. hypogaea and 15 of irregular type. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in means, variance, coefficient of variation, and Shannon-weaver diversity index for 13 phenotypic traits between key germplasm and entire collection. The key germplasm preserved the distribution range, the ratio of phenotypic retention and the phenotypic correlation of primary collection, with similar composition of botanical variety and ecological distribution. PCA and the histogram confirmed the homogeneity of genetic structure and distribution frequency between two collections. Thus, this key germplasm can represent the genetic variability and population structure of entire collection, and enhance innovation of peanut genetic resources and exploitation of elite alleles.

Key words: peanut, landrace, phenotypic traits, key germplasm, representative evaluation

YAN Cai-Xia,WANG Juan,ZHANG Hao,LI Chun-Juan,SONG Xiu-Xia,SUN Quan-Xi,YUAN Cui-Ling,ZHAO Xiao-Bo,SHAN Shi-Hua. Developing the key germplasm of Chinese peanut landraces based on phenotypic traits[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(4): 520-531.

Figures/Tables 8

Table1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Traits significantly correlated in both entire collection and key germplasm"

性状 Trait	全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm
生育期-百果重Growth period-100-pod weight	0.334^**	0.195^**
生育期-百仁重Growth period-100-seed weight	0.356^**	0.171^**
生育期-出仁率Growth period-shelling percentage	-0.086^**	-0.171^**
生育期-开花习性Growth period-flowering habit	-0.736^**	-0.558^**
生育期-株型Growth period-plant type	0.609^**	0.552^**
生育期-株高Growth period-plant height	-0.219^**	-0.145
生育期-粗蛋白含量Growth period-protein content	-0.267^**	-0.308^**
生育期-粗脂肪含量Growth period-oil content	-0.185^**	-0.030
生育期-油酸含量Growth period-oleic acid content	0.296^**	0.128
生育期-亚油酸含量Growth period-linoleic acid content	-0.279^**	-0.077
生育期-植物学类型Growth period-botanical variety	0.630^**	0.441^**
生育期-分枝型Growth period-branching pattern	-0.851^**	-0.801^**
百果重-百仁重100-pod weight-100-seed weight	0.908^**	0.873^**
百果重-粗脂肪含量100-pod weight-oil content	-0.187^**	-0.010
百果重-株高100-pod weight-plant height	-0.162^**	0.087
百果重-油酸含量100-pod weight-oleic acid content	0.168^**	0.111
百果重-亚油酸含量100-pod weight-linoleic acid content	-0.209^**	-0.154^**
百果重-株型100-pod weight-plant type	0.068^**	-0.056
百果重-开花习性100-pod weight-flowering habit	-0.359^**	-0.249^**
百果重-分枝型100-pod weight-branching pattern	-0.479^**	-0.431^**
百果重-植物学类型100-pod weight-botanical variety	0.469^**	0.362^**
百仁重-粗脂肪含量100-pod weight-oil content	-0.193^**	-0.026
百仁重-油酸含量100-pod weight-oleic acid content	0.189^**	0.119
百仁重-亚油酸含量100-seed weight-linoleic acid content	-0.225^**	-0.159^*
百仁重-株高100-seed weight-plant height	-0.139^**	0.109
百仁重-株型100-seed weight-plant type	0.071^**	-0.092
百仁重-开花习性100-seed weight-flowering habit	-0.404^**	-0.286^**
百仁重-分枝型100-seed weight-branching pattern	-0.515^**	-0.485^**
百仁重-植物学类型100-seed weight-botanical variety	0.533^**	0.481^**
粗蛋白含量-粗脂肪含量Protein content-oil content	-0.423^**	-0.582^**
粗蛋白含量-株型Protein content-plant type	-0.186^**	-0.185^**
粗蛋白含量-株高Protein content-plant height	0.091^**	0.007
粗蛋白含量-开花习性Protein content-flowering habit	0.172^**	0.209^**
粗蛋白含量-植物学类型Protein content-botanical variety	-0.265^**	-0.232^**
性状 Trait	全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm
粗脂肪含量-油酸含量Oil content-oleic acid content	0.064^**	0.080
粗脂肪含量-亚油酸含量Oil content-linoleic acid content	-0.083^**	-0.135^*
粗脂肪含量-出仁率Oil content-shelling percentage	0.141^**	0.048
粗脂肪含量-株高Oil content-plant height	0.110^**	0.142
粗脂肪含量-开花习性Oil content-flowering habit	0.133^**	-0.027
粗脂肪含量-分枝型Oil content-branching pattern	0.321^**	0.194
粗脂肪含量-植物学类型Oil content-botanical variety	-0.147^**	-0.063
油酸含量-亚油酸含量Oleic acid content-linoleic acid content	-0.932^**	-0.930^**
油酸含量-株型Oleic acid content-plant type	0.428^**	0.307^**
油酸含量-株高Oleic acid content-plant height	-0.082^**	-0.064
油酸含量-开花习性Oleic acid content-flowering habit	-0.509^**	-0.343^**
油酸含量-植物学类型Oleic acid content-botanical variety	0.333^**	0.172^*
油酸含量-分枝型Oleic acid content-branching pattern	-0.789^**	-0.685^**
亚油酸含量-出仁率Linoleic acid content-shelling percentage	-0.107^**	-0.121
亚油酸含量-株型Linoleic acid content-plant type	-0.398^**	-0.282^**
亚油酸含量-开花习性Linoleic acid content-flowering habit	0.486^**	0.314^**
亚油酸含量-分枝型Linoleic acid content-branching pattern	0.781^**	0.768^**
亚油酸含量-植物学类型Linoleic acid content-botanical variety	-0.273^**	-0.121
株高-植物学类型Plant height-botanical variety	-0.322^**	-0.272^**
株高-开花习性Plant height-flowering habit	0.357^**	0.287^**
株高-株型Plant height-plant type	-0.292^**	-0.350^**
株型-开花习性Plant type-flowering habit	-0.685^**	-0.692^**
株型-分枝型Plant type-branching pattern	-0.600^**	-0.725^**
株型-植物学类型Plant type-botanical variety	0.417^**	0.350^**
开花习性-分枝型Flowering habit-branching pattern	0.966^**	0.965^**
开花习性-出仁率Flowering habit-shelling percentage	0.076^**	0.014
植物学类型-开花习性Botanical variety-flowering habit	-0.719^**	-0.625^**
植物学类型-出仁率Botanical variety-shelling percentage	-0.116^**	-0.079
分枝型-出仁率Branching pattern-shelling percentage	0.220^**	0.091
分枝型-植物学类型Branching pattern-botanical variety	-0.820^**	-0.660^**

Table 6

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

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性状Trait	赋值Quantified value
株型 Plant type	直立 = 1, 半蔓 = 3, 匍匐 = 5 Erect = 1, Semi-spreading = 3, Spreading = 5
开花习性 Flowering habit	交替 = 1, 连续 = 3 Alternate flowering = 1, Continuous flowering = 3
分枝型 Branching pattern	密枝 = 1, 疏枝 = 3 Dense branch = 1, Sparse branch = 3
植物学类型 Botanical variety	多粒型 = 1, 珍珠豆型 = 2, 龙生型 = 3, 普通型 = 4, 中间型 = 5 var. fastigiata = 1, var. vulgaris = 2, var. hirsute = 3, var. hypogaea = 4, Irregular type = 5

	组成/分布 Composition/distribution	全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm
植物学类型	多粒型 var. fastigiata	70 (2.6%)	14 (5.41%)
Botanical variety	珍珠豆型 var. vulgaris	1078 (39.3%)	85 (32.8%)
	龙生型 var. hirsuta	321 (11.7%)	42 (16.2%)
	普通型 var. hypogaea	1140 (41.6%)	103 (39.8%)
	中间型 Irregular type	132 (4.8%)	15 (5.8%)
	χ²	1.600
	P值 P-value	0.809
种植区划	黄河流域花生区 Yellow River basin	870 (31.7%)	75 (29.0%)
Planting zoning	长江流域花生区 Yangtze River basin	726 (26.5%)	75 (29.0%)
	东南沿海花生区 The Southeast coast	900 (32.8%)	63 (24.3%)
	云贵高原花生区 Yungui Plateau	74 (2.7%)	16 (6.2%)
	黄土高原花生区 The Loess Plateau	76 (2.8%)	13 (5.0%)
	东北花生区 The Northeast China	93 (3.4%)	15 (5.8%)
	西北花生区 The Northwest China	2 (0.1%)	2 (0.8%)
	χ²	5.232
	P值 P-value	0.514

性状 Trait	平均值 Mean				方差 Variance
	全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm	显著性 Significance		全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm	F-值 F-value	P值 P-value
	全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm	显著性 Significance	植物学类型 Botanical variety	全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm	F-值 F-value	P值 P-value	3.068	3.077	NS	1.100	1.172	0.019	0.891
株型 Plant type	2.315	2.413	NS		3.177	3.313	0.710	0.400
开花习性 Flowering habit	1.941	1.919	NS		0.998	0.997	0.122	0.727
分枝型 Branching pattern	0.913	0.425	NS		1.297	0.873	1.509	0.219
生育期 Growth period	139.610	138.750	NS		250.093	254.771	0.697	0.404
株高 Plant height	44.074	42.376	NS		328.256	311.667	1.293	0.256
百果重 100-pod weight	158.906	159.467	NS		2244.396	2536.806	0.032	0.857
百仁重 100-seed weight	64.015	63.452	NS		372.911	415.674	0.196	0.658
出仁率 Shelling percentage	72.477	71.890	NS		17.460	24.461	4.352	0.037
粗蛋白含量 Protein content	27.987	27.536	NS		11.531	15.519	3.604	0.058
粗脂肪含量 Oil content	50.120	49.950	NS		10.426	16.950	0.585	0.444
油酸含量 Oleic acid content	46.400	46.370	NS		40.424	44.819	0.047	0.829
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content	33.801	33.942	NS		30.800	32.812	0.123	0.725

性状 Trait	极差 Range		变异系数 CV (%)		香农多样性指数 H′
性状 Trait	全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm	全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm		全部种质 Entire collection	骨干种质 Key germplasm
植物学类型 Botanical variety	1-5	1-5	34.18	35.19		1.22	1.33
株型 Plant type	1-5	1-5	76.97	75.43		0.87	0.90
开花习性 Flowering habit	1-3	1-3	51.43	52.04		0.69	0.69
分枝型 Branching pattern	1-3	1-3	54.54	51.34		0.67	0.69
生育期 Growth period	100-180	100-180	11.33	11.50		1.88	1.94
株高 Plant height	7.9-95.0	7.9-93.8	34.18	41.66		2.07	2.05
百果重 100-pod weight	45.2-356.0	52.0-324.3	29.81	31.58		2.02	2.05
百仁重 100-seed weight	25.0-190.1	25.0-131.2	30.17	32.13		1.84	1.90
出仁率 Shelling percentage	50.37-95.2	51.3-85.9	5.77	6.88		1.98	2.08
粗蛋白含量 Protein content	13.7-52.7	13.7-48.7	12.13	14.31		1.96	2.01
粗脂肪含量 Oil content	22.1-61.2	24.8-60.6	6.44	8.24		1.94	2.00
油酸含量 Oleic acid content	28.5-72.8	29.4-72.8	13.74	14.44		2.02	2.03
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content	12.6-50.7	12.6-45.6	16.42	16.88		2.04	2.06
平均值 Average			29.009±5.964	30.125±5.765		1.631±0.153	1.671±0.154
P值 P-value			0.123		0.002

性状 Trait	级数 Number of classes	Chi-square值 χ²	P值 P-value	表型保留比例 RPR
植物学类型Botanical variety	5	14.078	0.007	1.30
株型Plant type	3	0.723	0.697	1.01
开花习性Flowering habit	2	0.122	0.727	1.00
分枝型Branching pattern	2	1.509	0.219	1.03
生育期Growth period	10	7.851	0.549	1.15
株高Plant height	10	3.264	0.917	0.98
百果重100-pod weight	10	3.289	0.952	1.13
百仁重100-seed weight	10	11.810	0.224	2.07
出仁率Shelling percentage	10	9.030	0.435	1.15
粗蛋白含量Protein content	10	6.993	0.638	1.08
粗脂肪含量Oil content	10	11.778	0.226	1.20
油酸含量Oleic acid content	10	2.729	0.974	1.06
亚油酸含量Linoleic acid content	10	1.659	0.996	1.04

Developing the key germplasm of Chinese peanut landraces based on phenotypic traits

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