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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 1953-1965.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02068

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics and differences of rice yield, quality, and economic benefits under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields

CHE Yang(), CHENG Shuang, TIAN Jin-Yu, TAO Yu, LIU Qiou-Yuan, XING Zhi-Peng*(), DOU Zhi, XU Qiang, HU Ya-Jie, GUO Bao-Wei, WEI Hai-Yan, GAO Hui, ZHANG Hong-Cheng*()   

  1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-10-17 Accepted:2021-03-19 Online:2021-10-12 Published:2021-03-31
  • Contact: XING Zhi-Peng,ZHANG Hong-Cheng E-mail:cheyangde@foxmail.com;zpxing@yzu.edu.cn;hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2018355);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300804);China Agricultural Research System(CARS-01-27);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801293);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)

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Abstract:

To explore the characteristics and differences in yield, photosynthetic matter production, quality and economic benefits of rice under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields, six modes including rice crayfish (RC), rice turtle (RT), rice loach (RL), rice catfish (RF), rice koi (RK), and rice duck (RD) were arranged using Nanjing 9108 (a high-quality rice variety) as the experimental material in 2018 and 2019. Comparing these modes with rice cultivation under rice-wheat rotation (CK), the effects of different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields on quality, yield and yield component of rice, characteristics of photosynthetic matter production, and economic benefits were systematically investigated in this study. The results showed that, compared with CK, the rice yield of different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields was significantly decreased by 3.66%-7.54%, and the RD mode reduced the least, and the RK mode reduced the most. Compared with CK, the reduction of rice yield in different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields was mainly due to lower dry matter accumulation at maturity stage, which was resulted from the smaller leaf area index, lower photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate in main growth stages; and due to less total number of spikelets, which was caused by significant decreasing in panicle number per hectare and number of spikelets per panicle. Compared with CK, the different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields significantly reduced the head milled rice rate by 2.40%-4.37%, decreased the chalkiness by 8.14%-11.14%, increased the amylose content by 9.35%-13.80%, reduced the protein content by 6.29%-10.01%, and raised the taste value by 3.91%-11.69%. Compared with CK, the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final viscosity, and breakdown of RVA parameters of rice starch were increased by 2.75%-12.65%, 3.24%-19.63%, 2.47%-14.79%, and 1.67%-5.78%, respectively, while the setback was decreased by 2.54%-15.15%. The economic benefits of different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields were 80.93%-511.52% higher than CK, which was mainly due to the increase in the income of aquatic (poultry) breeding products and the increase in the price of rice quality. In conclusion, comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields was an alternative rice planting mode, that could guarantee a stable rice yield, improve rice quality, and increase the comprehensive benefits.

Key words: comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields, rice yield, characteristics of photosynthetic matter production, quality, economic benefit

Table 1

Rice yield and yield components under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields"

年度
Year		 模式
Type		 穗数
Number of panicles
(×104 m-2)		 每穗粒数
Number of spikelets per panicle		 群体颖花量
Total number of spikelets
(×104 hm-2)		 结实率
Filled grain percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 实产
Actual yield
(t hm-2)
2018 稻虾 RC 356.60 bc 108.13 b 3855.93 c 92.48 a 26.61 a 9.05 c
稻锦鲤 RK 350.04 c 106.20 b 3717.41 c 91.82 a 26.14 a 8.84 c
稻鳖 RT 360.39 bc 108.30 b 3903.06 bc 92.60 a 26.28 a 9.16 bc
稻鳅 RL 353.60 c 108.32 b 3830.21 c 92.12 a 26.35 a 8.96 c
稻鲶鱼 RF 359.70 bc 107.27 b 3894.49 b 92.77 a 26.10 a 9.25 b
稻鸭 RD 364.71 b 110.21 b 4019.43 b 92.80 a 26.47 a 9.52 b
对照 CK 378.57 a 117.02 a 4430.02 a 91.26 a 25.42 b 9.83 a
2019 稻虾 RC 360.49 bc 109.40 b 3943.71 bc 91.58 a 26.58 a 9.24 bc
稻锦鲤 RK 352.31 c 107.22 b 3781.17 c 91.18 a 26.51 a 9.04 c
稻鳖 RT 361.41 bc 109.47 b 3956.26 bc 91.67 a 26.30 a 9.35 bc
稻鳅 RL 359.44 c 108.90 b 3914.25 c 91.68 a 26.66 a 9.18 c
稻鲶鱼 RF 362.83 bc 109.68 b 3979.36 b 91.77 a 26.07 a 9.43 b
稻鸭 RD 364.04 b 112.41 b 4092.37 b 91.87 a 26.44 a 9.73 b
对照 CK 379.28 a 118.26 a 4485.42 a 90.53 a 25.19 b 10.01 a

Table 2

Leaf area index and decreasing rates of leaf area of rice at main growth stages under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields"

年度
Year		 模式
Type		 栽后25 d
25 days after planting		 拔节期
Jointing		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity		 叶面积衰减率
Decreasing rate of leaf area (LAI d-1)
2018 稻虾 RC 1.72 b 3.25 c 6.70 c 2.73 b 0.0662 c
稻锦鲤 RK 1.71 b 3.23 c 6.64 c 2.59 c 0.0675 b
稻鳖 RT 1.76 b 3.26 c 6.81 c 2.73 b 0.0669 bc
稻鳅 RL 1.78 b 3.24 c 6.68 c 2.69 b 0.0676 b
稻鲶鱼 RF 1.74 b 3.29 bc 6.91 b 2.76 b 0.0692 b
稻鸭 RD 1.81 b 3.36 b 7.07 ab 2.80 ab 0.0700 ab
对照 CK 1.89 a 3.51 a 7.22 a 2.92 a 0.0717 a
2019 稻虾 RC 1.77 b 3.31 c 6.90 bc 2.75 b 0.0692 b
稻锦鲤 RK 1.75 b 3.30 c 6.80 c 2.66 c 0.0690 bc
稻鳖 RT 1.80 b 3.35 c 6.91 bc 2.78 b 0.0689 c
稻鳅 RL 1.75 b 3.30 c 6.84 c 2.73 b 0.0685 bc
稻鲶鱼 RF 1.81 b 3.38 c 7.17 ab 2.77 b 0.0705 b
稻鸭 RD 1.87 b 3.49 b 7.19 ab 2.88 b 0.0712 ab
对照 CK 1.94 a 3.61 a 7.30 a 2.98 a 0.0725 a

Table 3

Dry matter accumulation and harvest index of rice at main growth stages under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields"

年度
Year		 模式
Type		 栽后25 d
25 days after planting
(t hm-2)		 拔节期
Jointing
(t hm-2)		 抽穗期
Heading
(t hm-2)		 成熟期
Maturity
(t hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index
(%)
2018 稻虾 RC 1.85 b 4.15 c 11.13 c 18.05 c 50.14 a
稻锦鲤 RK 1.79 b 4.03 c 10.90 c 17.52 d 50.46 a
稻鳖 RT 1.84 b 4.11 c 11.15 c 18.13 c 50.52 a
稻鳅 RL 1.79 b 4.04 c 10.92 c 17.61 cd 50.88 a
稻鲶鱼 RF 1.81 b 4.12 c 11.17 c 18.27 c 50.63 a
稻鸭 RD 1.91 b 4.23 b 11.56 b 18.85 b 50.50 a
对照 CK 2.00 a 4.58 a 12.32 a 20.19 a 48.69 b
2019 稻虾 RC 1.93 b 4.26 c 11.55 c 18.55 c 49.81 a
稻锦鲤 RK 1.87 b 4.11 c 11.32 c 18.06 d 50.06 a
稻鳖 RT 1.92 b 4.21 c 11.55 bc 18.60 c 50.27 a
稻鳅 RL 1.86 b 4.12 c 11.35 c 18.14 d 50.61 a
稻鲶鱼 RF 1.87 b 4.14 c 11.57 bc 18.84 c 50.05 a
稻鸭 RD 1.96 b 4.32 b 11.96 b 19.39 b 50.18 a
对照 CK 2.08 a 4.64 a 12.61 a 20.52 a 48.78 b

Table 4

Dry matter accumulation and rate at different main growth stages of rice under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields"

年度
Year		 模式
Type		 播种-拔节期
Sowing-Jointing		 拔节-抽穗期
Jointing-Heading		 抽穗-成熟期
Heading-Maturity
积累量
Dry matter accumulation
(t hm-2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 积累量
Dry matter accumulation
(t hm-2)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 积累量
Dry matter accumulation
(t hm-2)		 比例
Ratio (%)
2018 稻虾 RC 4.15 b 22.88 6.96 c 38.39 6.95 c 38.48
稻锦鲤 RK 4.03 b 22.99 6.87 c 39.15 6.62 d 37.79
稻鳖 RT 4.11 b 22.69 7.04 c 38.82 6.98 c 38.50
稻鳅 RL 4.04 b 22.99 6.88 c 39.12 6.79 cd 38.34
稻鲶鱼 RF 4.12 b 22.94 6.98 c 38.84 7.03 c 38.61
稻鸭 RD 4.23 b 22.44 7.33 b 38.86 7.29 b 38.67
对照 CK 4.58 a 22.74 7.74 a 38.42 7.82 a 38.83
2019 稻虾 RC 4.26 b 22.71 7.30 c 38.91 7.00 c 37.74
稻锦鲤 RK 4.11 b 22.63 7.21 c 39.67 6.84 d 37.67
稻鳖 RT 4.21 b 22.59 7.34 c 39.39 7.05 c 37.90
稻鳅 RL 4.12 b 22.63 7.22 c 39.66 6.90 cd 37.81
稻鲶鱼 RF 4.14 b 22.40 7.31 c 39.51 7.10 c 38.03
稻鸭 RD 4.32 b 22.27 7.64 b 39.41 7.43 b 38.32
对照 CK 4.64 a 22.59 7.98 a 38.86 7.91 a 38.55

Table 5

Photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate of rice at main growth stages under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields"

年份
Year		 模式
Type		 光合势
Photosynthetic potential (×104 m2 d hm-2)		 群体生长率
Crop growth rate (g m-2 d-1)		 净同化率
Net assimilation rate (g m-2 d-1)
播种-
拔节期
Sowing-
Jointing		 拔节-
抽穗期
Jointing-
Heading		 抽穗-
成熟期
Heading-
Maturity		 播种-
拔节期
Sowing-
Jointing		 拔节-
抽穗期
Jointing-
Heading		 抽穗-
成熟期
Heading-
Maturity		 播种-
拔节期
Sowing-
Jointing		 拔节-
抽穗期
Jointing-
Heading		 抽穗-
成熟期
Heading-
Maturity
2018 稻虾 RC 113.75 b 134.33 b 282.90 b 5.93 b 25.85 b 11.53 b 2.15 b 5.42 b 2.61 b
稻锦鲤 RK 113.05 b 133.25 b 276.42 c 5.76 b 25.44 c 11.03 c 2.09 b 5.38 c 2.56 c
稻鳖 RT 114.10 b 135.95 b 286.20 b 6.05 b 26.07 b 11.63 b 2.19 b 5.41 b 2.61 b
稻鳅 RL 103.68 b 128.96 b 276.90 c 5.94 b 25.48 c 11.34 c 2.16 b 5.36 bc 2.58 bc
稻鲶鱼 RF 115.15 ab 137.70 b 290.10 b 5.89 b 26.11 b 11.83 b 2.13 b 5.35 b 2.62 b
稻鸭 RD 117.60 ab 141.35 b 297.30 ab 6.04 b 27.14 b 12.15 b 2.18 b 5.43 b 2.64 b
对照 CK 122.85 a 149.80 a 303.30 a 6.54 a 28.67 a 13.12 a 2.34 a 5.59 a 2.76 a
2019 稻虾 RC 115.85 b 137.84 b 289.50 bc 6.09 b 27.00 b 11.67 b 2.26 b 5.57 b 2.59 bc
稻锦鲤 RK 115.50 b 136.35 b 283.79 c 5.87 b 26.70 c 11.23 c 2.12 b 5.51 b 2.55 c
稻鳖 RT 117.25 ab 138.50 b 290.59 b 6.19 b 27.19 b 11.75 b 2.23 b 5.53 b 2.59 b
稻鳅 RL 105.60 b 131.82 b 287.10 c 5.97 b 26.78 bc 11.51 bc 2.13 b 5.52 b 2.57 c
稻鲶鱼 RF 118.30 ab 142.43 b 298.20 b 5.91 b 27.52 b 12.12 b 2.14 b 5.54 b 2.62 bc
稻鸭 RD 122.15 a 144.15 b 300.91 ab 6.17 b 28.30 b 12.38 b 2.21 b 5.53 b 2.64 b
对照 CK 126.35 a 152.79 a 308.60 a 6.63 a 29.52 a 13.18 a 2.36 a 5.64 a 2.73 a

Table 6

Milling and appearance quality of rice under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields"

年度
Year		 模式
Type		 糙米率
BR (%)		 精米率
MR (%)		 整精米率
HMR (%)		 垩白粒率
CP (%)		 垩白度
CD (%)
2018 稻虾 RC 83.38 b 74.04 b 63.64 c 12.31 c 4.19 c
稻锦鲤 RK 84.34 b 74.77 b 64.55 bc 12.51 b 4.26 b
稻鳖 RT 83.79 b 74.16 b 64.43 bc 12.50 b 4.23 bc
稻鳅 RL 83.40 b 74.11 b 64.31 bc 12.43 bc 4.22 bc
稻鲶鱼 RF 83.30 b 73.65 b 63.49 c 12.26 c 4.17 c
稻鸭 RD 84.31 b 75.09 ab 64.77 b 12.54 b 4.28 b
对照 CK 86.17 a 76.78 a 66.39 a 13.62 a 4.63 a
2019 稻虾 RC 84.78 b 74.41 b 63.93 c 12.24 c 4.14 c
稻锦鲤 RK 83.59 b 75.34 ab 64.84 bc 12.47 b 4.21 b
稻鳖 RT 83.69 b 74.54 b 64.72 bc 12.46 b 4.20 bc
稻鳅 RL 84.08 b 74.48 b 64.60 bc 12.43 b 4.18 bc
稻鲶鱼 RF 83.66 b 74.02 b 63.78 c 12.23 c 4.13 c
稻鸭 RD 84.63 b 75.47 ab 65.06 b 12.51 b 4.23 b
对照 CK 86.38 a 77.18 a 66.66 a 13.58 a 4.58 a

Table 7

Amylose content, protein content, and taste value of rice under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields"

年度
Year		 模式
Type		 直链淀粉含量
AC (%)		 蛋白质含量
PC (%)		 食味值
Comprehensive		 外观
Appearance		 硬度
Hardness		 黏度
Viscosity		 平衡度
Balance degree
2018 稻虾 RC 10.58 a 7.20 c 79.02 a 8.1 b 5.7 b 8.1 ab 8.1 ab
稻锦鲤 RK 10.28 b 7.41 b 75.76 b 7.8 b 5.8 ab 7.7 b 7.8 b
稻鳖 RT 10.34 b 7.36 b 76.36 b 7.5 bc 6.1 a 7.6 b 7.5 bc
稻鳅 RL 10.51 a 7.24 c 78.93 a 7.8 b 5.9 ab 7.8 b 7.8 b
稻鲶鱼 RF 10.64 a 7.17 c 80.80 a 8.5 a 5.6 b 8.7 a 8.6 a
稻鸭 RD 10.25 b 7.45 b 75.71 b 8.0 b 5.8 ab 8.2 ab 8.1 ab
对照 CK 9.35 c 7.95 a 72.34 c 7.2 c 6.2 a 7.2 b 7.2 c
2019 稻虾 RC 10.74 a 7.13 c 78.18 a 8.2 b 5.8 b 8.0 b 8.1 b
稻锦鲤 RK 10.43 b 7.33 b 74.69 b 7.8 b 5.9 ab 7.4 bc 7.6 b
稻鳖 RT 10.50 b 7.28 b 75.09 b 7.7 b 6.0 a 7.4 bc 7.5 bc
稻鳅 RL 10.69 a 7.23 bc 78.14 a 7.8 b 5.9 ab 7.7 b 7.7 b
稻鲶鱼 RF 10.82 a 7.10 c 79.94 a 8.6 a 5.5 c 8.6 a 8.6 a
稻鸭 RD 10.41 b 7.37 b 74.46 b 8.1 b 5.8 b 7.8 b 7.9 b
对照 CK 9.52 c 7.88 a 71.66 c 7.3 c 6.2 a 7.1 c 7.2 c

Table 8

Characteristic value of RVA parameters of rice starch under different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields"

年度
Year		 模式
Type		 峰值黏度
Peak viscosity (cP)		 热浆黏度
Through viscosity (cP)		 崩解值
Break-down (cP)		 最终黏度
Final viscosity (cP)		 消减值
Setback (cP)		 糊化温度
Pasting
temperature (℃)
2018 稻虾 RC 2568 a 1538 a 1030 ab 2100 a -467 a 72.58 a
稻锦鲤 RK 2460 b 1411 b 1050 a 1963 b -497 b 73.32 a
稻鳖 RT 2469 b 1429 b 1040 a 1975 b -494 b 73.01 a
稻鳅 RL 2491 b 1439 b 1052 a 1993 ab -498 b 72.87 a
稻鲶鱼 RF 2582 a 1553 a 1029 ab 2111 a -472 a 72.34 a
稻鸭 RD 2359 c 1340 c 1019 ab 1894 b -465 a 73.67 a
对照 CK 2292 c 1298 c 994 b 1839 c -454 a 73.90 a
2019 稻虾 RC 2541 a 1519 a 1022 a 2122 a -419 a 72.64 a
稻锦鲤 RK 2435 b 1396 bc 1039 a 1987 b -449 b 73.41 a
稻鳖 RT 2444 b 1410 bc 1035 a 1995 b -450 b 73.03 a
稻鳅 RL 2525 a 1470 b 1055 a 2090 b -435 ab 72.80 a
稻鲶鱼 RF 2556 a 1537 a 1019 ab 2148 a -408 a 72.42 a
稻鸭 RD 2345 c 1331 c 1014 ab 1939 b -406 a 73.86 a
对照 CK 2283 c 1285 c 997 b 1892 c -390 a 74.01 a

Table 9

Economic benefits of different modes of comprehensive planting-breeding in paddy fields (Yuan hm-2)"

模式
Type		 产值
Production value		 投入
Investment		 利润
Profit		 产投比
Ratio of production to investment
稻谷
Paddy		 水产(禽)
Aquatic products (poultry)		 种子
Seed		 苗雏
Fry		 肥料
Fertilizer		 农药
Pesticide		 饲料
Forage		 机械
Machinery		 劳动力
Labor		 其他
Other
稻虾 RC 36,822 79,800 540 25,950 1950 2205 750 2565 3000 1088 78,574 2.33
稻锦鲤 RK 36,084 22,500 540 19,500 1950 2205 900 2565 3000 1088 26,836 1.34
稻鳖 RT 35,604 108,000 540 40,350 1950 2205 1200 2565 3000 1088 90,706 2.21
稻鳅 RL 35,407 87,000 540 66,300 1950 2205 900 2400 3600 1088 43,424 1.35
稻鲶鱼 RF 36,504 36,750 540 13,500 1950 2205 900 2100 3000 1088 47,972 1.96
稻鸭 RD 38,018 13,500 540 6750 1950 2205 300 2100 3000 1088 38,416 1.88
对照 CK 25,483 600 2325 2400 1650 2100 675 15,733 1.17
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