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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 295-315.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.52021

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Effects of water management and variety type on grain yield and quality in ratoon rice

Zhu Jin-Juan1**(), Wang Hui-Ping1**(), Yang Guo-Dong1, Wang Yu-Cheng1, Yang Chen1, Wang Bin2, Agustiani Nurwulan3, Tu Jun-Ming4, Bi Jun-Guo5, Cui Ke-Hui1, Huang Jian-Liang1, Peng Shao-Bing1, Yuan Shen1,*()   

  1. 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement / Hubei Hongshan Laboratory / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    3Research Center for Food Crop, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jawa Barat 16915, Indonesia
    4Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang 438000, Hubei, China
    5Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Accepted:2025-10-30 Online:2026-01-12 Published:2025-11-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: syuan@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301003);Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(2024EHA059);Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-01)

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Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of water-saving irrigation and variety type on grain yield and quality in ratoon rice, field experiments were conducted in Qichun and Xishui, Hubei province, in 2023. Three water-saving and drought-resistant rice (WDR) varieties (Hanyou 8200, Hanyou 116, and Hanyou 73) and three superior-quality rice (SQR) varieties (Zhenliangyouyingxiangsimiao, Quanyouyuenongsimiao, and Quanyou 607) were tested, with Liangyou 6326—commonly grown in large-scale ratoon rice production in Hubei—serving as the check variety for ordinary paddy rice (OPR). Two irrigation regimes, continuous flooding and water-saving, were compared to assess varietal responses in yield and grain quality within the ratoon rice system. Results showed that, compared to continuous flooding, water-saving irrigation reduced water input by an average of 76% in the main crop and 85% in the ratoon crop, without significant differences in grain yield or in milling, appearance, and cooking/eating quality traits. These results were consistent across both experimental sites. WDR varieties maintained stable yield and grain quality under water-saving conditions. In SQR varieties, yields averaged 8.54 t hm-2 in the main crop and 5.88 t hm-2 in the ratoon crop, comparable to OPR. However, head rice rate significantly increased by 13.5 and 20.6 percentage points, while chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree decreased significantly by 22.6 and 6.4, and 10.8 and 1.8 percentage points, respectively, in the main and ratoon crops. For WDR varieties, yield and grain quality in the main crop were similar to OPR, but ratoon crop yield decreased significantly by 17%; nonetheless, head rice rate increased by 17.0 percentage points, and chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree decreased by 5.5 and 1.0 percentage points, respectively. Significant varietal differences were observed within each variety type for both yield and grain quality. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between grain quality traits in the main and ratoon crops. Overall, in regions with favorable rainfall, combining superior rice varieties with a water-saving irrigation strategy that emphasizes rainfed cultivation supplemented by timely irrigation at critical growth stages can effectively reduce water use, improve water use efficiency, and achieve the dual goals of high yield and premium grain quality in ratoon rice systems.

Key words: rice quality, water-saving irrigation, water-saving and drought-resistance rice, superior-quality rice, ratoon rice

Table 1

Information of the tested rice varieties"

品种类型
Variety type		 品种名称
Variety name		 母本/父本
Female parent/male parent		 育成年份
Release year
节水抗旱稻WDR 旱优8200 Hanyou 8200 (HY8200) 沪旱7A/旱恢8200 Huhan 7A/Hanhui 8200 2021
旱优116 Hanyou 116 (HY116) 沪旱A/旱恢116 Huhan A/Hanhui 116 2020
旱优73 Hanyou 73 (HY73) 沪旱7A/旱恢3号Huhan 7A/Hanhui 3 2014
优质稻SQR 箴两优郢香丝苗
Zhenliangyouyingxiangsimiao (ZLYYXSM)		 箴9311S/郢香丝苗Zhen 9311S/Yingxiangsimiao 2023
荃优粤农丝苗Quanyouyuenongsimiao (QYYNSM) 荃211S/粤农丝苗Quan 211S/Yuenongsimiao 2021
荃优607 Quanyou 607 (QY607) 荃9311A/中种R1607 Quan 9311A/Zhongzhong R1607 2020
普通水稻OPR 两优6326 Liangyou 6326 (LY6326) 宣69S/WH26 Xuan 69S/WH26 2004

Table 2

Field growth duration for ratoon rice at the Qichun and Xishui experimental sites"

水分处理
Water treatment		 品种
Variety		 蕲春Qichun 浠水Xishui
头季Main crop 再生季Ratoon crop 全生
长季
Whole season		 头季Main crop 再生季Ratoon crop 全生
长季
Whole season
移栽-
齐穗TR-HD		 齐穗-
成熟HD-MS		 头季成熟-齐穗MS-HD 齐穗-
成熟HD-MS		 移栽-
齐穗
TR-HD		 齐穗-
成熟HD-MS		 头季成熟-齐穗MS-HD 齐穗-
成熟HD-MS
常规灌溉
CF		 HY8200 77 32 19 39 167 81 32 14 37 164
HY116 75 34 25 36 170 75 36 18 39 168
HY73 77 32 16 54 179 75 36 13 44 168
MeanWDR 76 33 20 43 172 77 35 15 40 167
ZLYYXSM 78 35 21 47 181 80 33 16 42 171
QYYNSM 79 34 22 46 181 81 32 19 39 171
QY607 82 31 32 41 186 82 31 30 37 180
MeanSQR 80 33 25 45 183 81 32 22 39 174
LY6326OPR 71 36 32 43 182 71 40 23 42 176
MeanW 77 33 24 44 178 78 34 19 40 171
节水灌溉
WS		 HY8200 77 33 18 39 167 81 30 16 37 164
HY116 75 34 25 36 170 77 34 16 41 168
HY73 77 33 15 54 179 77 34 13 44 168
MeanWDR 76 33 19 43 172 78 33 15 41 167
ZLYYXSM 78 35 21 45 179 81 32 14 47 174
QYYNSM 79 34 22 44 179 81 32 19 42 174
QY607 82 31 31 40 184 83 30 29 35 177
MeanSQR 80 33 25 43 181 82 31 21 41 175
LY6326OPR 71 36 30 43 180 71 37 24 42 174
MeanW 77 34 23 43 177 79 33 19 41 171

Fig. 1

Daily average temperature, solar radiation, and total water input during the ratoon rice growing seasons at the Qichun and Xishui experimental sites Water treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. Daily total water input including daily total rainfall and irrigation in different water treatments."

Table 3

Analysis of variance for traits of grain yield and quality for the main and ratoon crops"

指标
Trait		 头季Main crop
地点
S		 水分处理
W		 品种类型
T		 地点×
水分处理
S×W		 地点×
品种类型
S×T		 水分处理×
品种类型
W×T		 地点×水分处理×
品种类型
S×W×T
产量GY ** ns ns ns ns ns ns
齐穗期总干物质重TDWHD ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
叶面积指数LAI * ns ** ns ns ns ns
成熟期总干物质重TDWMS ns ns * ns ns ns ns
收获指数HI ** ns ** ns ns ns ns
水分利用效率WUE ** ** ns ** ns * ns
糙米率BRR ** ns ** ns ns ns ns
精米率MRR ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
整精米率HRR ns ns ** ns * ns ns
粒长GL ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
粒宽GW ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
长宽比LWR ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
垩白粒率CGR ** ns ** ns * ns ns
垩白度CD ** ns ** ns ns ns ns
碱消值ASV ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
胶稠度GC ns ns ** ns ** ns ns
指标
Trait		 再生季Ratoon crop
地点
S		 水分处理
W		 品种类型
T		 地点×
水分处理
S×W		 地点×
品种类型
S×T		 水分处理×
品种类型
W×T		 地点×水分处理×
品种类型
S×W×T
产量GY ** ns ** ns ns ns ns
齐穗期总干物质重TDWHD * ** ** * ns * ns
叶面积指数LAI ns * ** * ns ns ns
成熟期总干物质重TDWMS ns ns ** * ns ns ns
收获指数HI ** ns ** ns * ns ns
水分利用效率WUE ns ** ** ** ns * ns
糙米率BRR ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
精米率MRR ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
整精米率HRR * ns ** ns ns ns ns
粒长GL ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
粒宽GW ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
长宽比LWR * ns ** ns ns ns ns
垩白粒率CGR ns ns ** ns * ns ns
垩白度CD ns ns ** ns ns ns ns
碱消值ASV ns ns ** ns ** ns ns
胶稠度GC ** ns ** ns ns ns ns

Fig. 2

Differences in grain yield of ratoon rice in the main crop and ratoon crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Table 2. Different uppercase letters in the top-right corner indicate significant differences between water treatments (LSD0.05). Different uppercase letters above bars show significant differences among variety types, and different lowercase letters within bars indicate significant differences among varieties within the same variety type (LSD0.05)."

Fig. 3

Differences in total dry weight and leaf area index at heading in the main crop and ratoon crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Table 2. Different uppercase letters in the top-right corner indicate significant differences between water treatments (LSD0.05). Different uppercase letters above bars show significant differences among variety types, and different lowercase letters within bars indicate significant differences among varieties within the same variety type (LSD0.05)."

Fig. 4

Differences in total dry weight and harvest index of maturity in the main crop and ratoon crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Table 2. Different uppercase letters in the top-right corner indicate significant differences between water treatments (LSD0.05). Different uppercase letters above bars show significant differences among variety types, and different lowercase letters within bars indicate significant differences among varieties within the same variety type (LSD0.05)."

Fig. 5

Differences in water use efficiency of ratoon rice in the main crop and ratoon crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Table 2. Different uppercase letters in the top-right corner indicate significant differences between water treatments (LSD0.05). Different uppercase letters above bars show significant differences among variety types, and different lowercase letters within bars indicate significant differences among varieties within the same variety type (LSD0.05)."

Fig. 6

Differences in milling quality of ratoon rice in the main crop and ratoon crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Table 2. Different uppercase letters in the top-right corner indicate significant differences between water treatments (LSD0.05). Different uppercase letters above bars show significant differences among variety types, and different lowercase letters within bars indicate significant differences among varieties within the same variety type (LSD0.05)."

Table 4

Differences in grain size of ratoon rice in the main crop and ratoon crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites"

水分处理
Water
treatment		 品种
Variety		 蕲春Qichun
头季Main crop 再生季Ratoon crop
粒长
Grain length (mm)		 粒宽
Grain width (mm)		 长宽比Length/width 粒长
Grain length (mm)		 粒宽
Grain width (mm)		 长宽比Length/width
常规灌溉
CF		 HY8200 6.80 a 2.20 b 3.07 a 7.20 a 2.10 b 3.34 a
HY116 6.83 a 2.30 a 2.98 b 7.10 b 2.20 a 3.20 b
HY73 6.87 a 2.30 a 2.99 b 7.23 a 2.20 a 3.27 ab
MeanWDR 6.83 A 2.27 A 3.01 A 7.18 A 2.17 A 3.27 A
ZLYYXSM 6.37 a 2.17 a 2.97 a 6.67 a 2.10 a 3.16 a
QYYNSM 6.47 a 2.13 b 2.90 a 6.57 b 2.10 a 3.07 b
QY607 6.40 a 2.10 a 3.07 a 6.33 c 2.13 a 2.96 c
MeanSQR 6.41 B 2.13 B 2.98 A 6.52 B 2.11 B 3.06 B
LY6326OPR 6.43 B 2.20 AB 2.92 A 6.53 B 2.20 A 2.99 B
MeanW 6.60 A 2.20 A 3.00 A 6.80 A 2.10 A 3.10 A
节水灌溉
WS		 HY8200 6.83 a 2.20 b 3.08 a 7.20 a 2.13 a 3.34 a
HY116 6.70 a 2.27 ab 2.94 b 7.17 a 2.20 a 3.19 b
HY73 6.90 a 2.30 a 2.98 b 7.13 a 2.17 a 3.25 b
MeanWDR 6.81 A 2.26 A 3.00 A 7.17 A 2.17 A 3.26 A
ZLYYXSM 6.37 a 2.20 a 2.98 a 6.70 a 2.10 a 3.18 a
QYYNSM 6.30 a 2.20 a 2.89 c 6.60 a 2.10 a 3.09 a
QY607 6.23 a 2.13 a 2.93 b 6.37 b 2.10 a 2.99 b
MeanSQR 6.30 B 2.18 B 2.93 B 6.56 B 2.10 B 3.09 B
LY6326OPR 6.40 B 2.20 AB 2.90 B 6.53 B 2.17 A 2.97 C
MeanW 6.50 A 2.20 A 3.00 A 6.80 A 2.10 A 3.10 A
水分处理
Water
treatment		 品种
Variety		 浠水Xishui
头季Main crop 再生季Ratoon crop
粒长
Grain length (mm)		 粒宽
Grain width (mm)		 长宽比
Length/width		 粒长
Grain length (mm)		 粒宽
Grain width (mm)		 长宽比
Length/width
常规灌溉
CF		 HY8200 6.87 a 2.20 b 3.07 a 7.23 a 2.10 b 3.38 a
HY116 6.70 b 2.30 a 2.92 c 7.13 ab 2.20 a 3.23 b
HY73 6.87 a 2.30 a 2.98 b 7.10 b 2.17 ab 3.27 b
MeanWDR 6.81 A 2.27 A 2.99 A 7.16 A 2.16 A 3.29 A
ZLYYXSM 6.40 a 2.20 a 2.96 a 6.67 a 2.07 a 3.21 a
QYYNSM 6.40 a 2.20 a 2.94 a 6.60 a 2.10 a 3.13 a
QY607 6.27 a 2.13 a 2.93 a 6.30 b 2.10 a 3.00 b
MeanSQR 6.36 B 2.18 B 2.95 AB 6.52 B 2.09 B 3.11 B
LY6326OPR 6.47 B 2.23 AB 2.89 B 6.50 B 2.20 A 3.01 B
MeanW 6.60 A 2.20 A 3.00 A 6.80 A 2.10 A 3.20 A
节水灌溉
WS		 HY8200 6.83 a 2.20 b 3.06 a 7.17 a 2.10 b 3.34 a
HY116 6.70 b 2.30 a 2.90 c 7.13 a 2.20 a 3.25 b
HY73 6.83 a 2.30 a 2.96 b 7.13 a 2.20 a 3.27 b
MeanWDR 6.79 A 2.27 A 2.97 A 7.14 A 2.17 A 3.29 A
ZLYYXSM 6.37 ab 2.20 a 2.94 a 6.87 a 2.00 b 3.39 a
QYYNSM 6.40 a 2.20 a 2.94 a 6.60 ab 2.10 a 3.17 b
QY607 6.27 b 2.10 b 2.94 a 6.27 b 2.10 a 2.99 b
MeanSQR 6.34 B 2.17 B 2.94 A 6.58 B 2.07 B 3.18 AB
LY6326OPR 6.43 B 2.27 A 2.87 B 6.60 B 2.17 A 3.05 B
MeanW 6.50 A 2.20 A 2.90 A 6.80 A 2.10 A 3.20 A

Fig. 7

Differences in chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of ratoon rice in the main crop and ratoon crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Table 2. Different uppercase letters in the top-right corner indicate significant differences between water treatments (LSD0.05). Different uppercase letters above bars show significant differences among variety types, and different lowercase letters within bars indicate significant differences among varieties within the same variety type (LSD0.05)."

Table 5

Differences in alkali spreading value and gel consistency of ratoon rice in the main crop and ratoon crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites"

水分处理
Water treatment		 品种
Variety		 蕲春Qichun 浠水Xishui
头季Main crop 再生季Ratoon crop 头季Main crop 再生季Ratoon crop
碱消值
Alkali spreading value		 胶稠度
Gel
consistency (mm)		 碱消值
Alkali spreading value		 胶稠度
Gel
consistency (mm)		 碱消值
Alkali spreading value		 胶稠度
Gel
consistency (mm)		 碱消值
Alkali spreading value		 胶稠度
Gel
consistency (mm)
常规灌溉
CF		 HY8200 1.61 a 8.45 b 3.22 a 8.73 a 2.11 a 8.80 a 2.83 a 8.50 a
HY116 1.39 a 8.77 ab 1.72 b 8.93 a 1.22 b 8.93 a 1.61 a 8.07 b
HY73 1.55 a 9.05 a 2.16 b 8.97 a 1.61 b 8.73 a 1.56 a 8.32 ab
MeanWDR 1.52 A 8.76 A 2.37 B 8.88 A 1.65 B 8.82 A 2.00 B 8.29 A
ZLYYXSM 2.00 a 8.90 a 3.94 a 8.78 ab 2.67 a 7.30 b 3.61 a 8.27 a
QYYNSM 2.06 a 8.27 a 4.33 a 8.35 b 2.44 a 8.35 a 4.56 a 7.92 a
QY607 1.72 a 8.77 a 1.89 b 8.83 a 2.06 a 9.10 a 4.00 a 8.30 a
MeanSQR 1.93 A 8.64 A 3.39 A 8.66 AB 2.39 A 8.25 A 4.06 A 8.16 AB
LY6326OPR 1.78 A 8.27 A 4.61 A 8.43 B 1.67 B 8.53 A 3.22 A 7.80 B
MeanW 1.73 A 8.64 A 3.13 A 8.72 A 1.97 A 8.54 A 3.05 A 8.17 A
节水灌溉
WS		 HY8200 1.28 a 8.68 a 3.17 a 8.58 b 2.11 a 8.97 a 2.94 a 8.42 a
HY116 1.11 a 8.97 a 1.61 b 8.63 b 1.56 a 9.10 a 1.72 b 8.21 a
HY73 1.39 a 8.63 a 2.17 b 9.15 a 1.33 a 8.60 a 2.06 ab 8.05 a
MeanWDR 1.26 B 8.76 AB 2.31 B 8.79 A 1.67 B 8.89 A 2.24 C 8.23 A
ZLYYXSM 2.44 a 8.87 a 3.89 a 8.75 a 2.28 a 7.48 b 3.94 c 8.23 a
QYYNSM 2.33 a 9.07 a 4.22 a 8.07 b 2.72 a 7.03 c 4.33 b 7.93 a
QY607 1.67 a 8.83 a 2.61 b 8.75 a 1.78 a 9.00 a 4.83 a 8.32 a
MeanSQR 2.15 A 8.92 A 3.57 A 8.52 A 2.26 A 7.84 B 4.37 A 8.16 A
LY6326OPR 2.17 A 8.38 B 3.61 A 8.32 A 1.94 AB 8.07 AB 3.44 B 8.35 A
MeanW 1.77 A 8.78 A 3.04 A 8.61 A 1.96 A 8.32 A 3.32 A 8.22 A

Table 6

Correlation of ratoon rice quality between the ratoon crop and the main crop under different water and variety treatments at the Qichun and Xishui sites"

品质指标
Quality index		 头季Main crop
糙米率
BRR		 精米率
MRR		 整精米率
HRR		 粒长
GL		 粒宽
GW		 长宽比
LWR		 垩白粒率
CGR		 垩白度
CD		 碱消值
ASV		 胶稠度
GC
再生季Ratoon crop 糙米率BRR 0.832** 0.726** 0.628** -0.791** -0.519** -0.369 -0.389* -0.290 0.325 -0.143
精米率MRR 0.240 0.521** 0.811** -0.356 -0.293 0.030 -0.570** -0.546** 0.345 0.007
整精米率HRR -0.188 0.142 0.537** -0.007 -0.055 0.282 -0.545** -0.582** 0.296 -0.135
粒长GL -0.868** -0.742** -0.527** 0.923** 0.730** 0.460* 0.525** 0.386* -0.481** 0.188
粒宽GW -0.306 -0.464* -0.550** 0.472* 0.662** -0.202 0.806** 0.815** -0.690** 0.379*
长宽比LWR -0.792** -0.519** -0.297 0.723** 0.493** 0.537** 0.136 -0.010 -0.136 -0.064
垩白粒率CGR -0.128 -0.482** -0.751** 0.349 0.481** -0.163 0.794** 0.792** -0.609** 0.256
垩白度CD -0.021 -0.356 -0.586** 0.226 0.406* -0.240 0.764** 0.819** -0.620** 0.307
碱消值ASV 0.577** 0.638** 0.464* -0.687** -0.632** -0.269 -0.626** -0.620** 0.712** -0.389*
胶稠度GC 0.021 -0.112 -0.009 0.313 0.021 0.502** 0.445* 0.413* -0.356 0.338
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