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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 3042-3062.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22054

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of light intensity and nitrogen fertilizer interaction on carbon and nitrogen metabolism at grain-filling stage and its relationship with yield and quality of southern soft japonica rice

CHEN Xin-Yi(), ZHU Ying, MA Zhong-Tao, ZHANG Ming-Yue, WEI Hai-Yan(), ZHANG Hong-Cheng, LIU Guo-Dong, HU Qun, LI Guang-Yan, XU Fang-Fu   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-09-25 Accepted:2023-05-24 Online:2023-11-12 Published:2023-05-31
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971841);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Rice, CARS-01);Key Research Program of Shandong Province, China(2021LZGC020-03);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301401);Priority Subject Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)

Abstract:

Southern soft japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and Yangnongxiang 28 were selected as the experimental materials, and two light intensity treatments, and four nitrogen treatments were set. Light intensity treatments [100% natural light intensity (L1) and 50% natural light intensity (L2)] and four nitrogen treatments [no nitrogen fertilizer (N1) in the middle and late growth stages, one-time nitrogen fertilizer applied at the top sixth leaf stage (N2), one-time nitrogen fertilizer applied at the top fourth leaf stage (N3), and one-time nitrogen fertilizer applied at the top second leaf stage (N4)] were conducted at grain-filling stage. The difference of carbon and nitrogen metabolism at grain-filling stage and its effects on rice yield and quality under the conditions of different light intensity and nitrogen application period as well as light-nitrogen interaction conditions were investigated. The results showed that with the decrease of light intensity at grain-filling stage the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf decreased by 7.35%-42.36% on average, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthase (SS) had low activity, the C/N ratio of leaves decreased by 3.98-6.49, the transportation of photosynthetic products to grains decreased, and the content of grain starch (including amylose) decreased. Meanwhile, the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) increased, plant nitrogen concentration increased, and the accumulation of protein increased relatively, which were not conducive to the formation of yield and good quality. After the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the middle and late growth stages, the activities of key enzyme in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves were significantly increased, the aging of leaves was slowed down, and the grain-filling period of rice was prolonged, which were conducive to the increase of yield. With the delay of nitrogen fertilizer application period, nitrogen metabolism became more vigorous, and the protein content in grain had a relative significant increase, resulting in the decrease of the ratio of starch to protein and the ratio of amylose to protein, and the decrease of taste value. Under the experimental condition, normal light intensity combined with nitrogen fertilizer treatment (L1-N3) at the top fourth leaf stage synergistically improved the activities of key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves, thus the photosynthetic products and nitrogen-containing compounds were transported to grains in the appropriate proportions. Ultimately, the ratio of starch to protein in grain ranged from 11.43 to 12.03, and the ratio of amylose to protein ranged from 1.34 to 1.50, the rice had low hardness, high viscosity, and balance as well as good taste, high yield, and excellent quality could be obtained simultaneously.

Key words: rice, light, nitrogen fertilizer, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield, rice quality

Table 1

Nitrogen fertilizer dosage under different light treatments (kg hm-2)"

光处理
Light
treatment
氮素处理Nitrogen treatment 总施氮量
Total
nitrogen
施氮量Nitrogen application rate
基肥
Base
fertilizer
分蘖肥
Tiller
fertilizer
中后期施肥倒数叶龄期
Reciprocal leaf age of the middle and
late stage of fertilization
6 4 2
L1 N1 189 94.5 94.5
N2 270 94.5 94.5 81
N3 270 94.5 94.5 81
N4 270 94.5 94.5 81
L2 N1 189 94.5 94.5
N2 270 94.5 94.5 81
N3 270 94.5 94.5 81
N4 270 94.5 94.5 81

Table 2

Difference in net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves after anthesis of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
开花期
Anthesis
花后7 d
7 days after
anthesis
花后14 d
14 days after
anthesis
花后21 d
21 days after
anthesis
花后28 d
28 days after
anthesis
花后35 d
35 days after anthesis
花后42 d
42 days after anthesis
成熟期
Maturity
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 19.70 d 25.83 c 24.78 d 22.43 c 21.28 c 18.46 d 15.20 c 12.50 d
L1N2 20.36 c 26.58 bc 25.53 c 23.15 b 22.16 bc 19.81 c 16.08 bc 13.35 c
L1N3 21.57 b 27.34 b 26.17 b 24.34 a 23.27 ab 20.78 b 17.18 ab 13.98 b
L1N4 22.81 a 28.56 a 26.97 a 24.61 a 24.15 a 21.95 a 18.06 a 14.73 a
L2N1 14.92 f 21.34 f 18.11 g 15.83 f 15.78 e 13.05 g 9.73 e 7.26 g
L2N2 16.68 e 23.90 d 20.62 e 18.71 d 17.96 d 15.92 e 11.90 d 9.57 e
L2N3 16.40 e 22.57 e 20.05 f 17.94 e 16.68 de 15.14 ef 10.63 de 8.92 f
L2N4 16.25 e 22.70 e 19.89 f 17.89 e 16.52 e 14.75 f 10.47 e 8.49 f
扬农香28
Yangnong-
xiang 28
L1N1 16.28 d 26.79 c 23.23 c 18.97 b 22.84 c 17.46 c 16.76 c 11.56 d
L1N2 17.32 c 27.46 bc 24.23 b 19.18 b 23.56 c 18.85 b 17.47 c 12.28 c
L1N3 18.62 b 28.38 ab 25.27 a 20.91 a 24.70 b 19.15 b 18.61 b 12.97 b
L1N4 19.13 a 29.57 a 25.83 a 21.17 a 25.72 a 20.88 a 19.62 a 14.46 a
L2N1 12.57 g 20.39 e 18.35 f 15.02 e 17.46 e 14.46 e 11.40 e 7.66 g
L2N2 15.05 e 22.10 d 21.78 d 17.77 c 18.95 d 16.28 d 12.89 d 9.50 e
L2N3 14.81 e 21.24 de 20.50 e 16.78 d 18.40 de 15.57 de 12.34 de 8.79 f
L2N4 14.31 f 20.82 e 20.37 e 16.82 cd 18.48 de 15.46 de 12.42 de 8.58 f
F
F -value
光处理
Light (L)
304.00** 1309.15** 1863.68** 8495.97** 39,554.55** 1,302,755.37** 31,482.96** 12,543.97**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 108.97** 44.43** 144.74** 82.76** 33.05** 69.17** 69.98** 181.28**
光处理×氮处理L×N 25.38** 46.72** 52.11** 46.84** 15.89** 31.18** 33.66** 115.94**

Table 3

Difference in leaf area index and leaf area attenuation rate of southern soft rice japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
叶面积指数Leaf area index 叶面积衰减率
Leaf area attenuation rate
(LAI d-1)
拔节期Shooting 抽穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 3.90 c 7.01 c 2.64 d 0.0951 a
L1N2 4.85 a 7.33 b 2.78 d 0.0988 a
L1N3 4.31 b 7.72 a 3.54 b 0.0852 b
L1N4 3.91 c 7.02 c 3.14 c 0.0731 d
L2N1 3.91 c 7.03 c 3.07 c 0.0862 b
L2N2 4.86 a 7.32 b 3.84 a 0.0756 cd
L2N3 4.32 b 7.71 a 3.82 a 0.0793 c
L2N4 3.91 c 7.02 c 3.61 b 0.0642 e
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28
L1N1 3.78 c 7.08 d 2.89 d 0.0912 a
L1N2 4.77 a 7.49 b 3.21 d 0.093 a
L1N3 4.30 b 7.87 a 3.53 b 0.0885 b
L1N4 3.80 c 7.20 c 3.21 c 0.0751 ef
L2N1 3.77 c 7.08 d 3.16 c 0.0851 c
L2N2 4.78 a 7.48 b 3.95 a 0.0766 e
L2N3 4.31 b 7.88 a 3.82 a 0.0828 d
L2N4 3.78 c 7.22 c 3.31 c 0.0738 f
F 光处理Light (L) NS NS 5952.438** 2178.858*
F-value 氮处理Nitrogen (N) 73.54** 56.332** 84.698** 131.993**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS NS 20.908** 21.290**

Fig. 1

Differences in sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in leaves after anthesis of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions “L1, L2” in the figure refer to 100% natural light intensity and 50% natural light intensity at grain-filling stage, respectively. “N2, N3, and N4” refer to applying nitrogen fertilizer to 6 leaves, 4 leaves, and 2 leaves at middle and late stage, respectively. “N1” refers to not applying nitrogen fertilizer at middle and late stage. Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different at the 0.05 probability level for the activity of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase."

Fig. 2

Differences in soluble sugar and starch content in leaves after anthesis of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different at the 0.05 probability level in the content of soluble sugar and starch in leaves."

Fig. 3

Differences in soluble sugar and starch content after anthesis in southern soft japonica rice grain under different light and nitrogen conditions Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different at the 0.05 probability level for the content of soluble sugar and starch in grains."

Fig. 4

Differences of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) activity in leaves after anthesis of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different at the 0.05 probability level for activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthetase."

Table 4

Differences in SPAD values of high-efficiency leaves after anthesis of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
开花期Anthesis 花后7 d
7 days after anthesis
花后14 d
14 days after anthesis
花后21 d
21 days after anthesis
花后28 d
28 days after anthesis
花后35 d
35 days after anthesis
花后42 d
42 days after anthesis
成熟期Maturity 成熟期/开花期
Maturity /Anthesis
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 36.19 f 42.30 h 40.95 h 38.04 f 38.48 h 31.19 g 25.06 h 16.44 h 0.45 b
L1N2 38.65 e 43.53 g 43.06 g 41.37 e 39.53 g 33.17 f 26.38 g 18.05 g 0.47 b
L1N3 41.36 d 45.64 f 44.61 f 44.31 d 40.96 f 34.03 f 27.90 f 18.98 f 0.46 b
L1N4 43.83 ab 47.35 e 46.89 e 45.05 d 42.79 e 36.91 e 29.22 e 21.40 e 0.49 b
L2N1 39.26 e 49.27 d 48.15 d 46.44 c 45.34 d 42.21 d 37.93 d 24.35 d 0.62 a
L2N2 41.02 cd 50.44 c 49.37 c 47.53 b 47.49 c 44.39 c 40.42 c 25.84 c 0.63 a
L2N3 42.13 bc 52.79 b 51.35 b 48.35 ab 49.82 b 46.53 b 42.07 b 26.58 b 0.63 a
L2N4 43.86 a 53.06 a 52.34 a 48.98 a 51.23 a 48.27 a 44.75 a 28.22 a 0.64 a
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang28
L1N1 37.09 e 41.93 h 40.23 g 38.79 g 32.29 h 26.34 h 21.64 h 15.17 h 0.41 c
L1N2 38.99 d 43.76 g 42.62 f 40.03 f 36.89 g 27.56 g 23.23 g 17.37 g 0.45 bc
L1N3 41.38 c 45.35 f 43.74 e 41.71 e 38.37 f 28.62 f 24.75 f 18.48 f 0.45 bc
L1N4 43.47 ab 46.70 e 44.14 e 42.95 d 39.98 e 30.28 e 26.18 e 20.67 e 0.48 b
L2N1 40.22 c 49.99 d 47.02 d 44.30 c 43.57 d 34.77 d 30.87 d 25.65 d 0.64 a
L2N2 42.59 b 51.77 c 48.53 c 46.85 b 44.70 c 36.09 c 32.69 c 26.57 c 0.62 a
L2N3 43.12 b 52.64 b 49.82 b 47.92 b 46.99 b 37.93 b 33.57 b 27.67 b 0.64 a
L2N4 44.49 a 53.95 a 51.49 a 50.70 a 48.40 a 39.97 a 34.75 a 28.89 a 0.65 a
F
F -value
光处理Light (L) NS 4577.15** 356.73** 3605.25** 2849.35** 1483.47** 11,341.73** 2433.76** 145.82**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 60.04** 778.83** 246.67** 61.36** 150.01** 198.30** 441.72** 112.09** 5.30*
光处理×氮处理L×N NS 20.54** 7.11** 14.90** 5.67* 3.55* 23.98** 7.13** NS

Table 5

Differences in nitrogen content of leaves after anthesis of southern soft rice japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
含氮率Nitrogen content (%)
开花期 花后7 d 花后14 d 花后21 d 花后28 d 花后35 d 花后42 d 成熟期
Anthesis 7 days after anthesis 14 days after anthesis 21 days after anthesis 28 days after anthesis 35 days after anthesis 42 days after anthesis Maturity
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 2.69 d 2.38 f 2.160 h 1.79 f 1.56 g 1.45 g 1.31 h 1.23 f
L1N2 2.96 c 2.77 e 2.45 g 2.18 e 1.73 f 1.63 f 1.41 g 1.28 ef
L1N3 3.14 b 2.89 d 2.54 f 2.28 d 1.93 e 1.74 e 1.52 f 1.31 e
L1N4 3.35 a 3.02 c 2.65 e 2.35 c 1.94 e 1.83 d 1.58 e 1.39 d
L2N1 2.70 d 2.89 d 2.73 d 2.35 c 2.01 d 1.95 c 1.62 d 1.48 c
L2N2 2.96 c 3.01 c 2.87 c 2.49 b 2.17 c 1.99 bc 1.81 c 1.55 b
L2N3 3.15 b 3.14 b 2.95 b 2.51 b 2.23 b 2.04 b 1.87 b 1.59 ab
L2N4 3.36 a 3.25 a 3.11 a 2.75 a 2.39 a 2.13 a 1.99 a 1.62 a
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28
L1N1 2.45 a 2.27 e 2.11 f 1.84 g 1.69 h 1.56 h 1.39 g 1.31 g
L1N2 2.78 b 2.53 d 2.24 e 2.08 f 1.74 g 1.61 g 1.48 f 1.39 f
L1N3 3.47 c 2.70 c 2.45 d 2.18 e 1.82 f 1.70 f 1.50 f 1.45 e
L1N4 3.50 d 2.97 b 2.95 a 2.53 d 2.07 e 1.81 e 1.58 e 1.48 de
L2N1 2.46 a 2.71 c 2.70 c 2.55 d 2.24 d 1.94 d 1.77 d 1.52 d
L2N2 2.79 b 2.97 b 2.73 c 2.60 c 2.36 c 2.09 c 1.85 c 1.64 c
L2N3 3.49 c 3.09 ab 2.84 b 2.76 b 2.41 b 2.16 b 1.93 b 1.68 b
L2N4 3.51 d 3.16 a 2.92 ab 2.89 a 2.56 a 2.23 a 1.99 a 1.73 a
F
F-value
光处理Light (L) NS 6713.07** 7528.59** 24091.47** 7921.00** 6275.21** 33,718.14** 1148.85*
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 340.51** 756.47** 504.46** 1100.79** 1455.96** 284.47** 613.90** 211.70**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS 76.74** 22.05** 121.07** 74.62** 42.82** 19.29** 359.65**

Table 6

Differences of nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation after anthesis of southern soft rice japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
含氮率Nitrogen content (%) 氮素积累量(抽穗期至成熟期)
Nitrogen accumulation
(kg hm-2)
开花期
Anthesis
花后7 d
7 days after anthesis
花后14 d
14 days after anthesis
花后21 d
21 days after anthesis
花后28 d
28 days after anthesis
花后35 d
35 days after anthesis
花后42 d
42 days after anthesis
成熟期
Maturity
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 1.14 d 1.12 h 1.09 g 0.97 g 0.96 f 0.95 g 0.94 f 0.90 g 21.89 d
L1N2 1.47 c 1.17 g 1.12 f 1.02 f 0.97 f 0.97 fg 0.95 f 0.94 f 25.12 c
L1N3 1.54 b 1.24 f 1.23 e 1.14 e 1.09 e 1.01 f 1.02 e 0.97 ef 35.14 a
L1N4 1.60 a 1.26 e 1.25 de 1.15 e 1.15 de 1.07 e 1.03 e 1.00 e 28.40 b
L2N1 1.15 d 1.38 d 1.33 cd 1.27 d 1.22 d 1.19 d 1.15 d 1.10 d 12.98 h
L2N2 1.47 c 1.43 c 1.39 c 1.35 c 1.33 c 1.27 c 1.25 c 1.26 c 19.59 e
L2N3 1.56 b 1.64 b 1.55 b 1.51 b 1.47 b 1.45 b 1.43 b 1.33 b 16.53 f
L2N4 1.61 a 1.73 a 1.69 a 1.66 a 1.64 a 1.62 a 1.60 a 1.46 a 14.01 g
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang28
L1N1 1.09 d 1.04 h 1.00 g 0.97 g 0.94 g 0.91 g 0.89 h 0.86 h 22.90 d
L1N2 1.12 c 1.10 g 1.07 f 1.05 f 1.04 f 1.00 f 0.95 g 0.89 g 26.50 c
L1N3 1.18 b 1.13 f 1.10 f 1.08 f 1.07 ef 1.02 f 0.98 f 0.94 f 36.03 a
L1N4 1.25 a 1.22 e 1.19 e 1.17 e 1.13 e 1.10 e 1.05 e 0.99 e 28.79 b
L2N1 1.10 d 1.36 d 1.30 d 1.25 d 1.21 d 1.17 d 1.15 d 1.11 d 13.44 g
L2N2 1.13 c 1.45 c 1.43 c 1.40 c 1.35 c 1.32 c 1.28 c 1.21 c 17.74 e
L2N3 1.20 b 1.58 b 1.54 b 1.51 b 1.46 b 1.38 b 1.34 b 1.29 b 16.20 f
L2N4 1.26 a 1.71 a 1.69 a 1.67 a 1.63 a 1.53 a 1.45 a 1.38 a 14.80 fg
F
F-value
光处理Light (L) NS 51,019.19** 505.91** 560.92** 269.15** 4181.79** 720.07** 76,863.80** 1172.98**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 283.52** 103.93** 146.10** 80.92** 128.87** 143.27** 136.43** 105.29** 109.80**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS 17.11** 18.83** 11.10** 17.78** 28.75** 35.45** 24.06** 48.61**

Fig. 5

Differences in C/N ratio of leaves and grains of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different at the 0.05 probability level for C/N ratio of leaves and grains."

Table 7

Differences in yield component factor of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
穗数
Panicle number
(×104 hm-2)
每穗粒数
Grains per
panicle
总颖花量
Total spikelet
(×104 hm-2)
结实率
Filled grain
percentage (%)
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
稻谷产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 295.70 cd 113.23 d 33,480.84 d 95.47 a 26.23 b 8.33 d
L1N2 334.75 a 119.11 bc 39,872.32 b 93.64 bc 25.39 c 9.29 c
L1N3 320.71 b 134.54 a 43,148.40 a 95.12 a 26.34 b 10.57 a
L1N4 302.36 c 122.92 b 37,166.26 c 95.43 a 27.36 a 9.66 b
L2N1 295.25 d 111.55 d 32,935.61 d 89.40 c 20.71 de 6.85 g
L2N2 334.60 a 118.48 c 39,644.51 b 85.39 d 20.59 e 8.13 d
L2N3 320.26 b 133.94 a 42,894.24 a 78.47 e 20.11 f 7.70 e
L2N4 300.42 cd 122.13 bc 36,690.89 c 74.55 f 20.86 d 7.45 f
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28
L1N1 325.16 d 104.52 cd 33,985.64 d 95.60 a 25.30 b 8.39 e
L1N2 375.19 a 108.20 c 40,593.95 b 93.58 b 24.51 c 9.39 c
L1N3 364.07 b 121.79 a 44,338.63 a 95.17 a 25.34 b 10.58 a
L1N4 341.63 c 117.56 ab 40,161.69 bc 95.41 a 26.91 a 9.76 b
L2N1 323.88 d 102.67 d 33,254.48 d 86.51 c 20.99 d 7.14 h
L2N2 374.58 ab 107.57 c 40,294.51 bc 84.74 d 20.02 f 8.25 d
L2N3 363.68 b 120.91 a 43,970.13 a 74.88 e 20.08 f 7.84 f
L2N4 340.23 c 116.14 b 39,513.37 c 72.28 f 20.59 e 7.53 g
F
F-value
年份Year NS NS NS NS NS NS
光处理
Light (L)
NS NS 3782.25* 2339.39* 1282.81* 351.083*
氮处理
Nitrogen (N)
69.66** 104.93** 84.24** 67.39** 11.84** 607.95**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS NS NS 83.37** 41.98** 220.50**

Table 8

Differences in dry matter accumulation of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
开花期
Anthesis
(t hm-2)
成熟期
Maturity
(t hm-2)
花后干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation after anthesis (t hm-2)
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 9.58 c 15.79 c 6.20 b
L1N2 10.68 b 17.40 b 6.72 ab
L1N3 11.67 a 19.01 a 7.33 a
L1N4 10.28 b 17.31 b 7.03 ab
L2N1 9.58 c 11.59 g 2.01 d
L2N2 10.68 b 14.58 d 4.91 c
L2N3 11.67 a 13.98 e 2.31 d
L2N4 10.28 b 12.34 f 2.06 d
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28
L1N1 9.56 c 15.60 c 6.03 b
L1N2 11.49 b 17.97 b 6.48 b
L1N3 12.03 a 19.54 a 7.51 a
L1N4 11.26 b 18.10 b 6.84 b
L2N1 9.56 c 11.31 g 1.74 d
L2N2 11.49 b 14.84 d 3.35 c
L2N3 12.03 a 14.31 e 2.28 d
L2N4 11.26 b 13.35 f 2.10 d
F
F-value
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS
光处理Light (L) NS 647.87* 65,746.22**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 77.29** 39.42** 41.746**
光处理×氮处理L×N NS 6.69* 38.96**

Table 9

Differences in processing and appearance quality of southern soft japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions (%)"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
糙米率
Brown
rice rate
精米率
Milled
rice rate
整精米率
Head
rice rate
垩白粒率
Chalky
grain rate
垩白度Chalkiness degree
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 82.43 d 72.18 d 62.81 d 68.96 e 27.02 e
L1N2 83.38 c 72.97 c 65.30 c 57.91 h 20.14 h
L1N3 83.50 b 73.48 b 66.10 b 62.08 g 22.22 g
L1N4 83.93 a 73.91 a 67.72 a 68.03 f 25.93 f
L2N1 79.39 h 66.92 h 57.46 h 78.03 a 37.81 a
L2N2 80.29 g 67.89 g 59.86 g 70.97 d 31.58 d
L2N3 81.17 f 69.10 f 60.60 f 72.47 c 34.20 c
L2N4 81.98 e 69.90 e 61.09 e 74.90 b 35.60 b
扬农香28
Yangnongxiang 28
L1N1 83.03 d 73.32 d 63.56 d 39.23 e 13.82 e
L1N2 83.76 c 73.45 c 64.60 c 27.57 h 9.35 h
L1N3 84.01 b 74.25 b 66.08 b 29.22 g 10.93 g
L1N4 84.53 a 74.51 a 66.76 a 34.47 f 12.46 f
L2N1 79.99 h 66.77 h 56.21 h 49.63 a 20.31 a
L2N2 80.75 g 68.55 g 59.56 g 40.46 d 15.90 d
L2N3 80.84 f 68.98 f 60.61 f 44.44 c 17.56 c
L2N4 82.06 e 69.69 e 61.88 e 46.71 b 19.40 b
F
F-value
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS
光处理Light (L) 4055.51** 1716.10* 3768.32* 8505.15** 7515.38**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 19.28** 37.12** 56.29** 115.72** 242.14**
光处理×氮处理L×N 13.68* NS 13.06** 16.22** 15.47**

Table 10

Differences in nutrition and cooking and taste quality of southern soft rice japonica rice under different light and nitrogen conditions"

品种
Cultivar
处理
Treatment
蛋白质含量
PC (%)
直链淀粉含量
AC (%)
总淀粉含量
TSC (%)
直链淀粉/蛋白质AC/PC 总淀粉/蛋白质TSC/PC 食味品质Taste quality
外观
Appearance
硬度
Hardness
黏度
Stickiness
平衡度
Balance degree
食味值
Taste value
南粳9108
Nanjing 9108
L1N1 6.68 h 11.13 a 85.96 a 1.67 a 12.88 a 8.78 a 5.30 g 8.92 a 8.88 a 86.53 a
L1N2 6.99 g 10.91 b 85.30 b 1.55 b 12.21 b 8.73 a 5.47 f 8.78 ab 8.75 a 85.90 ab
L1N3 7.26 f 10.58 c 83.83 c 1.47 c 11.55 c 8.63 ab 5.48 f 8.83 ab 8.72 a 84.80 ab
L1N4 7.48 e 10.35 d 83.08 d 1.39 d 11.11 d 8.48 bc 5.67 e 8.67 b 8.53 b 82.77 b
L2N1 7.93 d 10.03 e 83.11 e 1.27 e 10.51 e 8.32 cd 5.83 d 8.42 c 8.42 bc 80.50 c
L2N2 8.32 c 9.91 f 82.56 f 1.20 f 9.93 f 8.13 d 6.03 c 8.28 c 8.33 c 79.2 cd
L2N3 9.03 b 9.79 g 81.30 g 1.09 g 9.02 g 7.70 e 6.18 b 7.93 d 7.83 d 77.20 d
L2N4 9.27 a 9.44 h 80.77 h 1.02 h 8.73 h 6.88 f 6.65 a 6.92 e 6.62 e 67.27 e
扬农香28 Yangnongxiang 28 L1N1 6.41 h 10.06 a 85.14 a 1.56 a 13.30 a 8.70 a 5.43 e 8.85 a 8.85 a 85.50 a
L1N2 6.78 g 9.80 b 84.61 b 1.45 b 12.49 b 8.62 a 5.62 d 8.7 ab 8.63 b 83.30 b
L1N3 7.04 f 9.54 c 84.03 c 1.37 c 11.95 c 8.48 a 5.72 d 8.65 b 8.53 b 82.13 b
L1N4 7.41 e 9.34 d 83.35 d 1.26 d 11.26 d 7.95 b 6.05 c 8.05 c 8.07 c 78.43 c
L2N1 8.28 d 8.97 e 82.12 e 1.09 e 9.97 e 7.48 c 6.22 b 7.72 d 7.57 d 74.70 d
L2N2 9.06 c 8.59 f 80.90 f 0.96 f 8.99 f 7.12 d 6.23 b 7.48 e 7.27 e 72.43 e
L2N3 9.58 b 8.33 g 80.38 g 0.88 g 8.44 g 6.85 e 6.47 b 7.17 f 6.70 f 69.07 f
L2N4 10.13 a 8.07 h 79.34 h 0.80 h 7.87 h 6.18 f 6.78 a 6.52 g 6.15 g 64.70 g
F
F-value
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
光处理Light (L) 2,436,721.00** 15,987.00** 120.73** 1968.43** 4585.31** 456.33** 122.07** 243.00** 416.89** 4479.889**
氮处理Nitrogen (N) 553.92** 295.92** 122.37** 627.65** 253.35** 15.84** 78.33** 9.36** 17.41** 765.893**
光处理×氮处理L×N 152.31** 97.45** 3.50* 22.47** 18.68** 8.90** 16.11** 6.79** 9.21** 34.728**
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