大麦-双季稻轮作体系有机物料与化肥配施对大麦资源利用效率及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01101

Abstract

Abstract:

Barley-double cropping rice rotation is a typical cropping system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Based on a 34-year long-term experiment, the effects of combined application of organic materials and chemical fertilizers reduction in barley-double cropping rice rotation system on utilization efficiency of solar radiation, GDD (growing degree days), and water resources, use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium resources, and yield of barley were studied. The objective of this study is to provide the theoretical basis and data support for the fertilization management of barley-double cropping rice rotation system with efficient utilization of resources and stable yield and efficiency in barley. In this study, four fertilization treatments in the long-term positioning experiment were selected, including NPK chemical fertilizer treatment (NPK), NPK chemical fertilizer combined with rice straw treatment (NPK+straw), organic fertilizer nitrogen replacement 30% chemical nitrogen treatment (NPK+LOM), and organic fertilizer nitrogen replacement 60% chemical nitrogen treatment (NPK+HOM). To ensure that the N, P₂O₅ and K₂O application rates of the fertilization treatments in the barley season and early rice season and late rice season, each treatment was based on the equal amount of nitrogen, and the insufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were supplemented with chemical fertilizers. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with NPK + straw treatment, radiation productive efficiency, accumulated heat productive efficiency, water productive efficiency of NPK+HOM treatment were significantly increased by 0.04 g MJ^-1, 0.28 kg ℃^-1 d^-1 hm^-2, 0.08 kg m^-3, and the increase amplitude was 10.5%, 9.4%, and 9.6% (P < 0.05), respectively. (2) Compared with NPK+straw treatment, the partial productivity of N, P, and K in NPK+LOM treatment increased by 22.5%, 23.4%, and 23.5%, respectively (P < 0.05), and K harvest index increased by 36.7% (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference of the NPK nutrient partial productivity and N harvest index between NPK+LOM and NPK+HOM treatments; (3) The analysis of stability and sustainability of barley yield indicated that NPK+straw treatment was beneficial to stable yield in barley; (4) The NPK+HOM treatment could improve soil fertility. On the whole, NPK+HOM treatment was superior to other fertilization structures in terms of the utilization of light and hot water resources and soil fertilization in barley; NPK+LOM treatment was better than other fertilization structures in the utilization of NPK nutrient resource in barley; Both NPK+LOM and NPK+HOM treatments could increase the yield of barley. Regarding the barley-double-cropping rice rotation model, combining straw to the field combined with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers to regulate the synergistic improvement of barley resource utilization and yield was one of the important research tasks in the future.

Key words: barley, barley-double cropping rice rotation system, combination of chemical fertilizer and organic materials, resource utilization efficiency, yield

ZHANG Fan, YANG Qian. Effects of combined application of organic materials and chemical fertilizers in barley-double cropping rice rotation system on barley resource utilization efficiency and yield[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(12): 2522-2531.

Figures/Tables 6

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处理 Treatment	大麦籽粒Barley grain				大麦秸秆Barley straw				大麦地上部分生物量 Barley above-ground biomass (kg hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	生物量 Biomass (kg hm^-2)	全N Total N (g kg^-1)	全P Total P (g kg^-1)	全K Total K (g kg^-1)	生物量 Biomass (kg hm^-2)	全N Total N (g kg^-1)	全P Total P (g kg^-1)	全K Total K (g kg^-1)	大麦地上部分生物量 Barley above-ground biomass (kg hm^-2)
NPK	1585±9 b	18.37±0.12 c	1.87±0.05 b	5.07±0.36 a	4495±262 a	6.85±0.33 c	0.52±0.01 c	10.45±0.31 a	6080±264 ab
NPK+straw	1670±14 b	17.20±0.20 d	1.76±0.08 b	4.88±0.16 a	4315±92 a	6.47±0.38 c	0.54±0.05 c	9.08±0.22 c	5915±87 b
NPK+LOM	1975±136 a	21.70±0.36 a	4.35±0.13 a	5.46±0.60 a	4295±116 a	9.87±0.75 a	2.03±0.02 b	8.51±0.02 d	6270±252 ab
NPK+HOM	1820±23 a	20.50±0.10 b	4.36±0.07 a	5.26±0.34 a	4655±205 a	8.13±0.46 b	2.54±0.06 a	9.60±0.21 b	6475±186 a

处理 Treatment	光能生产效率 Radiation production efficiency (g MJ^-1)	光能利用率 Radiation use efficiency (%)	积温(≥0℃)生产效率 GDD production efficiency (kg ℃^-1 d^-1 hm^-2)	水分生产效率 Water production efficiency (kg m^-3)
NPK	0.39±0.02 b	0.57±0.02 b	3.05±0.13 ab	0.85±0.04 ab
NPK+straw	0.38±0.01 b	0.55±0.01 b	2.97±0.04 b	0.83±0.01 b
NPK+LOM	0.40±0.00 b	0.59±0.03 ab	3.15±0.13 ab	0.88±0.04 ab
NPK+HOM	0.42±0.01 a	0.60±0.02 a	3.25±0.09 a	0.91±0.03 a

处理 Treatment	大麦籽粒养分积累 Nutrient accumulation in barley grain (kg hm^-2)			偏生产力 Partial factor productivity (kg kg^-1)			收获指数 Harvest index (%)
处理 Treatment	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K
NPK	29.11±0.29 c	2.97±0.09 b	8.04±0.61 b	10.1±0.1 b	84.0±0.5 b	23.6±0.1 b	48.6±0.1 a	56.1±0.8 a	14.6±1.1 c
NPK+straw	27.53±2.20 c	2.82±0.10 b	7.81±0.64 b	10.2±0.7 b	84.8±6.0 b	23.8±1.7 b	49.6±1.8 a	54.6±1.4 a	16.6±0.9 bc
NPK+LOM	42.89±3.45 a	8.61±0.86 a	10.76±1.08 a	12.5±0.9 a	104.7±7.2 a	29.4±2.0 a	50.3±1.9 a	49.6±1.6 b	22.7±1.4 a
NPK+HOM	37.31±0.29 b	7.94±0.19 a	9.57±0.61 a	11.6±0.1 a	96.5±1.2 a	27.1±0.3 a	49.7±2.0 a	40.2±1.3 c	17.6±1.1 b

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g kg^-1)	全磷 Total P (g kg^-1)	全钾 Total K (g kg^-1)	速效氮 Available N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
NPK	6.12	33.5	1.87	0.45	20.0	172.2	2.9	41.2
NPK+straw	6.35	33.9	2.08	0.72	20.6	185.0	5.7	54.3
NPK+LOM	5.95	38.5	2.29	0.70	20.1	198.1	5.1	57.1
NPK+HOM	6.18	49.4	2.97	1.86	19.7	303.0	10.3	69.3

Effects of combined application of organic materials and chemical fertilizers in barley-double cropping rice rotation system on barley resource utilization efficiency and yield

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