丛枝菌根真菌对玉米籽粒产量和氮素吸收的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03050

Abstract

Abstract:

Clarifying the role of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) in yield of maize grain and associated nitrogen (N) uptake can inform the application of organic fertilizer in farmland, thus, improving nutrient use efficiency, enhancing crop resistance to biotic or abiotic stress, and increasing overall crop yield. A 3-factor experiment was designed and carried out during the maize growing season in 2016 and 2017. The factors were as follows: (1) N fertilizer addition (180 kg hm^-2 [N180] and 360 kg hm^-2 [N360]), (2) wheat straw addition (without straw: S0 and with straw: S1), and (3) three mycorrhizal treatments, including a control (M0, roots and AMF could not enter the hyphal chamber from the growth chamber), an AMF treatment (M1, only AMF can enter the hyphal chamber from the growth chamber), and a root treatment (M2, both roots and AMF can enter the hyphal chamber from the growth chamber). Maize grain yield, plant biomass, N uptake, and root variables were measured. All three factors had a significant effect on maize yield and N uptake. N360 treatment of N fertilizer significantly increased maize yield and their N accumulation compared with N180 treatment. In the case of straw treatment, the grain yield reduced by 6% than that of the treatment without straw, whereas soil inorganic N increased by 129%. For the N180 treatment, mean maize yield of M1 and M2 treatments were 38% and 82% higher than M0, respectively; for the N360 treatment, these were 16% and 48%, respectively. The contribution of AMF to grain yield was higher for N180 than for N360. The AMF treatment increased maize ear length, grain number per row, and total root length independent of straw addition, but the ability of AMF to improve root biomass and N uptake was significantly higher with straw addition than without straw. M1 and M2 treatments significantly increased grain number per row, grain number per spike, plant biomass, N accumulation, and total root length relative to the M0, whereas inorganic soil N declined significantly. The contribution of AMF to maize yield was higher than M0 under conditions of both N180 and straw addition. Correlation analysis and structural equation revealed that N application and AMF significantly increased maize yield. The results showed that AMF could improve maize root properties, enhance N absorption capacity, improve ear traits, and increase maize grain yield under different N application rates and straw conditions.

Key words: crop residue, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, nitrogen fertilizer management, maize yield, nutrient absorption

ZHANG Xue-Lin, LI Xiao-Li, HE Tang-Qing, ZHANG Chen-Xi, TIAN Ming-Hui, WU Mei, ZHOU Ya-Nan, HAO Xiao-Feng, YANG Qing-Hua. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on grain yield and nitrogen uptake in maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(8): 1603-1615.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Analysis of variance of N fertilization, straw and mycorrhizae on maize grain yield, plant biomass, N accumulation, and root properties"

项目 Item	年份 Year	氮肥处理 Nitrogen (N)	秸秆处理 Straw (S)	菌根处理 Mycorrhizae (M)	N × S	N × M	S × M	N × S × M
产量Yield (g plant^-1)	2016	431.97^***	18.38^***	204.09^***	1.19	6.36^**	10.93^***	4.62^*
产量Yield (g plant^-1)	2017	287.90^***	21.60^***	430.60^***	0.001	20.70^***	32.80^***	6.80^**
收获指数Harvest index (%)	2016	246.67^***	21.86^***	53.95^***	3.28	22.55^***	6.29^**	2.84
收获指数Harvest index (%)	2017	26.35^***	0.08	29.95^***	0.62	13.40^***	16.16^***	1.08
生物量Biomass (g plant^-1)
根Root	2016	17.94^***	2.22	109.44^***	1.24	6.95^**	7.08^**	1.90
根Root	2017	38.34^***	9.87^**	116.03^***	1.45	8.41^***	7.41^**	1.80
茎Stem	2016	27.94^***	1.41	80.86^***	20.70^***	1.25	0.52	5.45^*
茎Stem	2017	49.16^***	5.41^*	232.12^***	3.86	4.17^*	1.55	0.31
叶Leaf	2016	61.51^***	0.02	88.94^***	5.55^*	1.86	4.33^*	3.52^*
叶Leaf	2017	60.58^***	1.98	190.06^***	1.77	0.33	5.36^**	1.39
氮素积累量N accumulation (mg plant^-1)
籽粒Grain	2016	231.93^***	11.74^**	56.63^***	1.31	0.70	2.95	0.24
籽粒Grain	2017	168.75^***	11.51^***	84.90^***	2.72	5.84^**	13.36^***	7.68^***
根Root	2016	5.77^*	0.21	5.77^**	1.77	2.01	0.04	0.19
根Root	2017	29.05^***	0.09	9.29^***	7.49^**	1.705	0.421	1.621
茎Stem	2016	4.24^*	1.47	0.76	10.92^**	0.27	0.33	4.07
茎Stem	2017	23.27^***	4.19^*	24.31^***	0.13	1.58	0.46	1.51
叶Leaf	2016	25.17^***	0.27	13.34^***	2.09	1.53	1.27	1.73
叶Leaf	2017	21.50^***	0.33	12.07^***	0.22	1.39	1.22	0.52
根系特性 Root properties
总根长 Length (cm plant^-1)	2016	75.33^***	15.22^***	91.16^***	96.89^***	0.75	9.21^***	2.99
总根长 Length (cm plant^-1)	2017	134.36^***	0.37	50.47^***	81.47^***	2.92	6.51^**	2.31
根表面积 Surface area (cm² plant^-1)	2016	126.99^***	76.79^***	119.24^***	32.72^***	19.44^***	21.64^***	0.26
根表面积 Surface area (cm² plant^-1)	2017	231.10^***	70.50^***	128.69^***	37.15^***	9.89^***	53.68^***	5.14^*
根直径 Diameter (mm)	2016	13.71^***	3.27	39.07^***	0.37	0.75	11.67^***	0.08
根直径 Diameter (mm)	2017	59.44^***	11.43^**	101.17^**	8.40^**	2.39	24.83^***	0.02
根体积 Volume (cm³ plant^-1)	2016	108.79^***	126.57^***	285.66^***	3.20	27.09^***	38.78^***	4.73^*
根体积 Volume (cm³ plant^-1)	2017	92.89^***	12.01^***	125.09^***	0.06	5.75	18.30^***	1.78

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Effects of N fertilization, straw, and mycorrhizae on maize ear properties and soil inorganic N concentration"

处理 Treatment	穗行数 Rows per ear		行粒数 Kernel number per row		穗粒数 Grain number per spike		百粒重 100-grain weight (g)		土壤无机氮 Soil inorganic N (mg kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
N180S0M0	13 ab	13	20.38 cd	15 de	265.25 cd	193.25 d	21.09	20.024 b	24.57 j	25.48 f
N180S0M1	13 ab	13	19.75 cd	16.38 cde	255.75 cd	213 cd	21.04	21.04 ab	23.35 ij	24.84 f
N180S0M2	14 ab	14.5	25 ab	18 bcd	350 ab	261.75 abc	22.23	20.52 b	20.34 j	17.31 g
N180S1M0	13 ab	13.5	17.63 d	14.62 e	230 d	197.25 d	19.78	20.45 b	108.05 b	79.35 b
N180S1M1	12.5 b	13	19.75 cd	16.13 cde	247 cd	209.5 cd	22.25	20.97 ab	61.92 d	41.20 cd
N180S1M2	14.5 a	13.5	25 ab	19.13 abc	361.5 ab	257.25 abc	23.05	20.02 b	44.62 f	35.83 de
N360S0M0	14 ab	14	25.25 ab	17.13 cde	353.5 ab	239.75 bcd	23.37	19.79 b	54.99 e	41.39 cd
N360S0M1	13 ab	13	28.88 a	19.38 abc	376 a	252.75 abc	23.54	21.45 ab	36.88 g	34.05 e
N360S0M2	13.5 ab	13	27.38 a	20.5 ab	370.25 ab	266.75 ab	24.25	22.86 a	33.73 h	22.45 fg
N360S1M0	13.5 ab	13.75	22.38 bc	17.38 bcde	303.25 bc	239.63 bcd	20.67	21.39 ab	136.45 a	104.13 a
N360S1M1	13.5 ab	14	22.5 bc	16.13 cde	303 bc	225.75 bcd	22.61	23.09 a	66.11 c	43.61 c
N360S1M2	14.5 a	14	28.63 a	21.38 a	416.25 a	299.25 a	24.04	20.32 b	64.49 cd	40.58 cd
氮肥处理Nitrogen (N)	1.41	0.63	39.22^***	12.99^***	31.23^***	12.19^***	3.84	6.42^*	877.83^***	89.78^***
秸秆处理Straw (S)	0.35	0.63	5.99^*	0.22	2.21	0.001	0.46	0.06	6029.79^***	745.02^***
菌根处理Mycorrhizal (M)	5.56^**	1.24	17.41^***	14.56^***	20.22^***	13.43^**	2.79	3.31^*	1636.23^***	349.68^***
N × S	0.35	2.04	1.43	0.56	0.37	0.03	0.98	0.13	1.73	0.07
N × M	1.15	1.84	1.37	0.27	1.65	0.48	0.004	0.65	94.09^***	20.84^***
S × M	1.15	0.33	2.75	1.88	3.65	0.86	0.96	4.37^*	789.02^***	170.99^***
N × S × M	0.62	2.35	2.57	0.88	1.34	0.95	0.04	2.28	13.71^***	4.33^*

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 3

Fig. 5

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性状 Trait	参数 Parameter	产量 Yield (g plant^-1)		收获指数 Harvest index (%)		籽粒氮素积累量 Grain accumulation (mg plant^-1)
性状 Trait	参数 Parameter	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
根系 Root traits	总根长Length (cm plant^-1)	0.69^**	0.64^**	0.62^**	0.19	0.60^**	0.62^**
	根表面积Surface area (cm² plant^-1)	0.84^**	0.62^**	0.82^**	0.04	0.74^**	0.56^**
	根直径Diameter (mm)	0.73^**	0.66^**	0.62^**	0.08	0.66^**	0.53^**
	根体积Volume (cm³ plant^-1)	0.83^**	0.67^**	0.74^**	0.05	0.72^**	0.59^**
穗部 Ear traits	穗长Ear length (cm)	0.92^**	0.70^**	0.86^**	0.37^*	0.86^**	0.68^**
	穗粗Ear diameter (cm)	0.29^*	0.68^**	0.22	0.64^**	0.17	0.63^**
	穗行数Rows per ear	0.47^**	0.03	0.50^**	-0.14	0.45^**	-0.001
	行粒数Kernel number per row	0.82^**	0.61^**	0.74^**	0.18	0.77^**	0.57^**
	穗粒数Grain number per spike	0.83^**	0.56^**	0.77^**	0.12	0.77^**	0.51^**
	百粒重100-grain weight (g)	0.16	0.42^**	0.12	0.51^**	0.15	0.50^**
生物量 Biomass (g plant^-1)	根Root	0.78^**	0.73^**	0.63^**	0.14	0.68^**	0.59^**
	茎Stem	0.72^**	0.83^**	0.51^**	0.17	0.67^**	0.72^**
	叶Leaf	0.84^**	0.87^**	0.67^**	0.26	0.79^**	0.74^**
氮素积累量 N accumulation (mg plant^-1)	根Root	0.53^**	0.52^**	0.46^**	0.23	0.49^**	0.55^**
	茎Stem	0.19	0.71^**	0.09	0.19	0.25	0.69^**
	叶Leaf	0.65^**	0.61^**	0.55^**	0.25	0.67^**	0.65^**

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on grain yield and nitrogen uptake in maize

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