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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 1273-1278.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14070

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Identification of chromosome loss and rearrangement in potato and eggplant somatic hybrids by rDNA and telomere repeats

WANG Hai-Bo1,2(), YING Jing-Wen1, HE Li1,3, YE Wen-Xuan1, TU Wei1, CAI Xing-Kui1, SONG Bo-Tao1,*(), LIU Jun1   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education / Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province / Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
    3Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2021-04-20 Accepted:2021-09-10 Online:2022-05-12 Published:2021-10-18
  • Contact: SONG Bo-Tao E-mail:wanghaibo0519@126.com;songbotao@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System (Potato, CARS-09-P07)

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Abstract:

Somatic hybridization is an important way to create new germplasm. Somatic hybrids produced plenty of genetic variation during protoplast regeneration. In this study, to analyze the chromosome composition and variation of potato and eggplant somatic hybrids, rDNAs and telomeric repeats were used as probes for FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), combined with GISH (Genomic in situ hybridization). The results showed that rearranged chromosomes and dicentric chromosomes existed in somatic hybrids, and the parts of the rearranged chromosomes was derived from the end-to-end fusion of potato and eggplant chromosomes 2. One centromere of the rearranged dicentric chromosomes was derived from potato and the other was from eggplant. Eggplant 5S rDNA sites were lost in somatic hybrids to homogenize the rDNA of somatic hybrids. The results of this study indicated that the chromosomes were unstable during the somatic hybridization of potato and eggplant, which can easily cause dicentric and chromosomal rearrangements in somatic hybrids. The chromosomes of somatic hybrids tended to be stable through various ways such as chromosome rearrangement, dicentric and rDNA homogenization.

Key words: potato, eggplant, somatic hybrids, rDNA, chromosome rearrangement

Fig. 1

rDNAs locations on AC142 and 508.3 a: the distribution of rDNAs on AC142; b: the distribution of rDNAs location on 508.3. Red signals denote 5S rDNA signals, green signalsdenote 25S rDNA signals. Bar: 10 μm."

Fig. 2

Recognition of the chromosome constitution though rDNA probes and GISH in somatic hybrid derived from potato and eggplant a: recognition of chromosomes containing rDNA sites in somatic hybrid 60-13 (red signals denote 5S sites, green signals denote 25S sites); b: recognition of parental chromosome origins by GISH performed after washing (Red signals denote chromosomes of S. tuberosum. Green signals denote chromosomes of S. melongena.). Arrowheads denote 25S sites, arrows denote 5S sites. Bar: 10 μm."

Fig. 3

Recognition of the chromosome constitution though rDNA probes, telomeric probe, and GISH in somatic hybrid derived from potato and eggplant a: the recognition of chromosomes containing rDNA sites in somatic hybrid PE60-10, red blocks denote 5S rDNA sites, green blocks denote 25S rDNA sites; b: the recognition of parental chromosome origins in (a) by GISH performed after washing, red denoted chromosomes from potato, green denoted chromosomes from eggplant.; c: the distribution of telomeric probe signals in PE60-10, red denoted the telomeric sites; d: the results of GISH performed after washing telomeric probe signals, red denoted chromosomes from potato, green denoted the chromosomes from eggplant. Arrowheads denoted 25S rDNA sites; arrows denoted 5S rDNA sites. White ellipse and rounded frames denote rearrangement chromo-somes containing 25S rDNA sites. The enlarged chromosomes in Fig. a, b, c, d denote chromosomes with white frames. Bar: 10 μm."

Fig. 4

Schematic diagram showing the formation of an end-to- end fused chromosome in somatic hybrid PE60-10 The apparent lightly stained areas on chromosomes denote nucleo-lar organizing regions (NOR). Chromosomes in the picture are from parents for somatic fusion between potato and eggplant, and their somatic hybrid PE60-10."

Fig. 5

Dicentric chromosome derived from chromosomal recombination in somatic hybrid PE60-10 a and b are two chromosome spreads of somatic hybrid 60-10. Arrows denote chromosomes with two centromeres. The white frames indicate chromosomes in black and white for better observation of constrictions. White lines denote primary constrictions, yellow lines denote another apparent constriction on chromosomes, respectively. Bar: 10 μm."

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