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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 262-278.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54065

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Mechanism of low O2 and high CO2 storage environment delaying aging of potato tuber

Tian Jia-Chun(), Ge Xia, Li Shou-Qiang, Li Mei, Tian Shi-Long*(), Zhang Ya-Qian, Cheng Jian-Xin, Li Yu-Mei   

  1. Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-05-21 Accepted:2025-08-13 Online:2026-01-12 Published:2025-08-21
  • Contact: *E-mail: 723619635@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160596);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-09-P26)

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Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which a low-oxygen and high-carbon dioxide storage environment delays the aging of potato tubers. Using the Longshu 17 cultivar as the research subject, we evaluated nutritional quality, appearance, and physiological parameters, along with transcriptomic profiling at mid-storage (60 days) and late-storage (150 days) stages. Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of tubers to the low O2 high CO2 environment were analyzed to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying tuber preservation. The results showed that this storage condition significantly delayed starch degradation and reduced the accumulation of reducing sugars during cold storage. It also inhibited sprouting and water loss, preserved optimal skin color, suppressed the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase, and positively regulated three endogenous hormones. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared to the control (CK), the low O2 and high CO2 treatment (CA) led to 741 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at mid-storage, including 378 upregulated and 363 downregulated genes. At the end of storage, 1658 DEGs were identified, with 1211 upregulated and 447 downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the low O2 and high CO2 environment significantly modulated pathways related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis for controlled atmosphere storage of potatoes and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in tuber aging and preservation.

Key words: potato, low O2 and high CO2, delay aging, transcriptomics, metabolic pathways

Fig. 1

Effect of low O2 and high CO2 storage environment on starch and reducing sugar content of potato tubers CA, CK represent low O2 and high CO2 experimental group and the control group, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups at the P < 0.05 level."

Fig. 2

Effect of low O2 and high CO2 storage environment on weight loss and germination rate of potato tubers Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups at the P < 0.05 level."

Fig. 3

Effect of low O2 and high CO2 storage environment on L* value and browning index of potato tubers Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups at the P < 0.05 level."

Fig. 4

Effects of low O2 and high CO2 storage environment on PAL and POD activity of potato tubers Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups at the P < 0.05 level."

Fig. 5

Effects of low O2 and high CO2 storage environment on endogenous hormone content of potato tubers Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among groups at the P < 0.05 level."

Fig. 6

Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes CA-60, CK-60, CA-150, and CK-150 represent the low O2 and high CO2 conditions experimental groups and control groups for 60 days and 150 days, respectively."

Fig. 7

GO classification of differentially expressed genes Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 6."

Fig. 8

KEGG pathway enrichment scatter plot of differentially expressed genes Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 6."

Table 1

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in potato stored at low O2 and high CO2 for 60 days"

代谢路径
Pathway		 功能注释
Function annotation		 基因号
Gene ID		 FPKM值 FPKM value log2FC 变化趋势
Variation trend
CA-60 CK-60
苯丙烷类生物合成Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis PAL Soltu.DM.03G011440 3.75 9.99 1.48 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011450 2.90 10.35 1.91 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011460 3.09 12.63 2.09 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011480 4.06 11.62 1.60 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011490 3.84 10.88 1.58 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.08G017960 0.15 0.76 2.36 上调 Up
CCoAOMT Soltu.DM.02G028540 0.58 2.09 1.93 上调 Up
CAD Soltu.DM.03G011790 0.15 0.76 1.52 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.02G013110 2.42 0.23 -3.24 下调 Down
POD Soltu.DM.01G001840 5.20 30.76 2.61 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.10G023940 0.40 1.91 2.27 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.02G023430 1.32 0.19 -2.55 下调 Down
Soltu.DM.03G002490 7.77 2.06 -1.79 下调 Down
CCR Soltu.DM.03G030980 11.46 5.19 -1.03 下调 Down
COMT Soltu.DM.10G000070 10.41 3.71 -1.37 下调 Down
淀粉和蔗糖代谢Starch and sucrose metabolism TPS Soltu.DM.02G015310 2.16 6.07 1.56 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.04G029210 3.17 11.93 2.03 上调 Up
AMY Soltu.DM.05G006330 35.33 111.89 1.72 上调 Up
EG Soltu.DM.08G028990 4.17 1.27 -1.61 下调 Down
Soltu.DM.09G002770 0.53 0.10 -2.72 下调 Down
植物激素信号转导
Plant hormone signal transduction		 DELLA Soltu.DM.10G020680 0.74 3.91 2.45 上调 Up
SNRK2 Soltu.DM.05G027280 5.02 11.78 1.32 上调 Up
ETR, ERS Soltu.DM.06G014700 4.86 13.39 1.55 上调 Up
ERF2 Soltu.DM.08G024160 0.50 1.79 1.94 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G021200 0.44 2.13 2.35 上调 Up
JAZ Soltu.DM.12G026270 6.76 28.28 1.81 上调 Up
AUX1 Soltu.DM.01G050890 1.83 0.26 -2.60 下调 Down
Soltu.DM.09G000480 12.09 4.50 -1.30 下调 Down
IAA Soltu.DM.03G035810 21.38 5.44 -1.85 下调 Down
GH3 Soltu.DM.01G046780 6.34 0.85 -2.68 下调 Down
NPR1 Soltu.DM.10G027950 0.76 0.19 -1.83 下调 Down
MAPK信号通路-
植物
MAPK signaling pathway-plant		 WRKY33 Soltu.DM.06G018840 21.90 56.93 1.48 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G009490 0.76 4.06 2.50 上调 Up
MPK3 Soltu.DM.06G005160 15.54 42.85 1.55 上调 Up
ACS1_2_6 Soltu.DM.08G004500 3.30 8.63 1.48 上调 Up
ETR, ERS Soltu.DM.06G014700 4.86 13.39 1.55 上调 Up
ERF1 Soltu.DM.09G021200 0.44 2.13 2.35 上调 Up
SNRK2 Soltu.DM.05G027280 4.55 11.69 1.32 上调 Up
苯丙氨酸代谢Phenylalanine
metabolism		 AADC Soltu.DM.08G017960 0.15 0.76 2.36 上调 Up
PAL Soltu.DM.03G011440 3.75 9.99 1.48 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011450 2.90 10.35 1.91 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011460 3.09 12.63 2.09 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011480 4.06 11.62 1.60 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011490 3.84 10.88 1.58 上调 Up

Table 2

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in potato stored at low O2 and high CO2 for 150 days"

代谢路径
Pathway		 功能注释
Function annotation		 基因号
Gene ID		 FPKM值 FPKM value log2FC 变化趋势
Variation trend
CA-150 CK-150
苯丙烷类生物合成Phenylpropanoid
biosynthesis		 PAL Soltu.DM.03G004870 3.18 8.87 1.54 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G004900 5.54 13.01 1.33 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G004920 4.76 11.90 1.38 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011440 2.79 20.24 2.92 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011450 4.64 31.62 2.83 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011460 3.17 24.10 2.98 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011480 12.29 36.42 2.76 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011490 4.37 31.50 2.91 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G005690 2.59 6.70 1.49 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G005700 1.72 15.01 3.12 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G005710 1.38 8.51 2.69 上调 Up
CYP73A Soltu.DM.05G019180 1.44 4.95 1.83 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.06G032860 13.61 28.41 1.13 上调 Up
COMT Soltu.DM.03G021440 8.08 15.58 1.27 上调 Up
CCoAOMT Soltu.DM.02G028520 1.16 4.88 2.14 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.02G028540 0.61 3.42 2.54 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.02G028550 22.19 73.83 1.79 上调 Up
HCT Soltu.DM.11G024290 7.15 0.19 -5.09 下调 Down
POD Soltu.DM.02G034250 1.15 2.58 1.22 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.04G027650 8.29 37.62 2.25 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.06G010770 1.62 12.38 2.99 下调 Down
Soltu.DM.01G001840 13.01 2.29 -2.43 下调 Down
苯丙烷类生物合成Phenylpropanoid
biosynthesis		 POD Soltu.DM.01G047840 7.58 0.05 -7.12 下调 Down
Soltu.DM.02G027850 5.29 1.50 -1.74 下调 Down
Soltu.DM.02G029260 16.05 0.30 -5.62 下调 Down
淀粉和蔗糖代谢
Starch and sucrose metabolism		 INV, sacA Soltu.DM.03G015280 2.13 26.90 3.76 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.10G025040 0.03 4.21 7.17 上调 Up
SUS MLD_newGene_1096 1.25 4.23 1.78 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G019120 0.85 2.26 1.46 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.07G013370 102.54 213.59 1.26 上调 Up
TPS Soltu.DM.07G001730 5.18 12.87 1.39 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.04G021620 3.68 8.25 1.22 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.05G021910 6.37 24.92 2.02 上调 Up
G-1-P-ADP Soltu.DM.01G049590 695.24 306.04 1.13 下调 Down
PGM Soltu.DM.07G015450 1.68 0.44 1.82 下调 Down
植物激素信号转导Plant hormone signal transduction IAA Soltu.DM.06G034480 2.65 11.84 2.22 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G025700 4.81 21.10 2.20 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.12G003310 4.22 8.25 1.03 上调 Up
GH3 Soltu.DM.01G046780 1.74 6.48 1.92 上调 Up
DELLA Soltu.DM.12G001740 0.20 1.02 2.32 上调 Up
PYL Soltu.DM.03G013340 0.74 2.42 1.74 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.05G022460 0.96 2.44 1.38 上调 Up
PP2C Soltu.DM.03G022710 32.54 77.80 1.52 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.06G013730 0.90 5.49 2.63 上调 Up
BKI1 Soltu.DM.12G005660 3.52 7.71 1.19 上调 Up
JAZ Soltu.DM.03G036980 6.84 25.56 2.10 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.07G012950 12.70 42.57 1.36 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.12G026270 2.68 20.90 3.03 上调 Up
TGA Soltu.DM.05G002740 1.78 2.84 1.00 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.10G026610 1.27 3.08 1.37 上调 Up
ARR-A Soltu.DM.06G011620 6.16 13.62 1.20 上调 Up
ARR-B Soltu.DM.07G007330 16.75 2.92 1.68 下调 Down
CYCD3 Soltu.DM.04G033220 1.47 0.32 -2.11 下调 Down
NPR1 Soltu.DM.04G012100 3.50 1.05 -1.65 下调 Down
Soltu.DM.10G027630 10.51 3.65 1.46 下调 Down
MAPK信号通路-植物
MAPK signaling
pathway-plant		 FLS2 Soltu.DM.02G015580 0.05 0.40 2.76 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G001460 0.39 1.18 1.64 上调 Up
WRKY33 Soltu.DM.06G018840 39.15 79.35 1.01 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G009490 4.10 22.06 2.48 上调 Up
MAPK信号通路-植物
MAPK signaling
pathway-plant		 ACS1_2_6 Soltu.DM.08G004500 2.92 19.63 2.80 上调 Up
ERF1 Soltu.DM.04G008930 1.97 7.03 1.90 上调 Up
PYL Soltu.DM.03G013340 0.74 2.42 1.74 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.05G022460 0.96 2.44 1.38 上调 Up
PP2C Soltu.DM.03G022710 32.52 77.80 1.52 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.06G013730 0.90 5.46 2.63 上调 Up
CALM Soltu.DM.01G019360 4.25 12.32 1.59 上调 Up
苯丙氨酸代谢Phenylalanine
metabolism		 AADC Soltu.DM.08G017880 0.14 1.06 2.92 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.08G017910 0.30 1.32 2.17 上调 Up
AMIE Soltu.DM.01G050800 0.42 1.21 1.57 上调 Up
PAL Soltu.DM.03G004870 3.18 8.87 1.54 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G004900 5.61 13.01 1.33 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G004920 4.76 11.90 1.38 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011440 2.80 20.24 2.92 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011450 4.64 31.62 2.83 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011460 3.17 24.10 2.98 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011480 5.44 35.237 2.76 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.03G011490 4.38 31.50 2.91 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G005690 2.59 6.97 1.49 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G005700 1.72 15.01 3.19 上调 Up
Soltu.DM.09G005710 1.38 8.51 2.69 上调 Up
GOT2 Soltu.DM.10G018890 4.46 1.60 -1.41 下调 Down
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