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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 2400-2408.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11075

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Variation of ear temperature after anthesis and its relationship with yield in wheat

WANG Yun-Qi(), GAO Fu-Li, LI Ao, GUO Tong-Ji, QI Liu-Ran, ZENG Huan-Yu, ZHAO Jian-Yun, WANG Xiao-Ge, GAO Guo-Ying, YANG Jia-Peng, BAI Jin-Ze, MA Ya-Huan, LIANG Yue-Xin, ZHANG Rui*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2021-08-22 Accepted:2021-11-30 Online:2022-09-12 Published:2022-07-15
  • Contact: WANG Yun-Qi,ZHANG Rui E-mail:wyqay163@163.com;zhangwushi@163.com
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    Special Support for the Introduction of Domestic Doctors in Shaanxi Province(F2020221004);Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(S202010712146);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643749)

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Abstract:

The wheat temperature is an important parameter to reflect the ecological and physiological state of wheat. A series of studies have been carried out on the temperature of wheat from the perspective of canopy temperature, but the relationship between the temperature of wheat ear after anthesis and its yield is still unclear. In the present study, six varieties with different drought resistance were selected as the research objects. The ear temperature of these varieties at flowering stage, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after flowering and mature stage was investigated, and the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per ear, and yield of each variety were determined. The results showed that flag leaf SPAD value of strong drought resistance varieties was significantly higher than that of weak drought resistance varieties at flowering stage. The lowest value of strong drought resistant varieties was lower than that of weak drought resistant varieties, and the occurrence time of strong drought resistant varieties and medium drought-resistant varieties was delayed about a week. The contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per ear, and yield of strong drought resistance varieties were significantly higher than those of medium drought-resistant varieties and weak drought resistance varieties. The flag leaf SPAD value at flowering stage and ear temperature at seven days after anthesis was positively correlated with yield and yield factors, while the ear temperature after anthesis was negatively correlated with yield and yield factors, and the correlation of strong drought resistant varieties was slightly higher than that of weak drought resistant varieties. Together, the ear temperature can be used as a reference index for breeding drought resistant and high yield varieties. This study not only enriches the theory of drought resistance and high yield of wheat, but also innovates the physiological breeding method of wheat varieties.

Key words: ear temperature, wheat, drought resistance, grain weight, yield

Table 1

Analysis of variance (P > F) of SPAD value of flag leaf at anthesis and ear temperature after anthesis as affected by cultivar and year"

F值
F-value		 SPAD值SPAD value 花后0 d
DAA0		 花后7 d
DAA7		 花后14 d
DAA14		 花后21 d
DAA21		 花后28 d
DAA28		 成熟期
Maturity
年份Year 20.90*** 195.19**** 162.54**** 207.64**** 1.90 73.84**** 7.43*
品种Cultivar 10.58**** 9.95**** 20.09**** 176.69**** 133.07**** 103.82**** 5.83**
年份×品种Year × Cultivar 2.55 9.79**** 6.64*** 28.53**** 40.16**** 52.17**** 1.97

Fig. 1

Effects of cultivar and year on SPAD value of flag leaf at anthesis stage Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level; LSD: the least significant difference at P < 0.05. SPAD value: Soil and Plant Analyzer Development, often used as a parameter to indicate chlorophyll content."

Fig. 2

Effects of cultivars and years on ear temperature after anthesis in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 LSD: the least significant difference at P < 0.05. DAA7: 7 days after anthesis; DAA14: 14 days after anthesis; DAA21: 21 days after anthesis; DAA28: 28 days after anthesis."

Table 2

Analysis of variance (P > F) of grain number per ear, thousands grain weight, contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield, grain weight per ear, and grain yield as affected by cultivars and years"

F值
F-value		 穗粒数
GN		 千粒重
TGW		 穗光合对产量的贡献率
CEP		 穗粒重
GW		 产量
GY
年份Year 2.02 14.14** 0.05 5.40* 18.81***
品种Cultivar 10.48**** 38.74**** 41.93**** 20.94**** 42.88****
年份×品种Year × Cultivar 0.47 22.55**** 3.40* 1.19 2.64*

Table 3

Effects of interaction of year and cultivar on grain number per ear, thousand-grain weight, contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield, grain weight per ear, and grain yield"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 穗粒数
GN		 千粒重
TGW (g)		 穗光合对产量的贡献率
CEP (%)		 穗粒重
GW (g)		 产量
GY (kg hm-2)
2017-2018 矮抗58 Aikang 58 40.33 a 48.96 a 35.97 ab 1.97 ab 10,395.3 ab
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 42.44 a 49.38 a 38.75 a 2.10 a 10,475.0 a
石4185 Shi 4185 38.57 ab 45.48 bc 33.71 ab 1.73 bc 10,095.1 bc
邯6172 Han 6172 39.10 ab 46.19 ab 32.25 b 1.80 abc 9360.2 cd
温麦6号Wenmai 6 37.33 ab 42.30 c 25.73 c 1.59 c 10,191.1 b
洛麦23 Luomai 23 34.33 b 33.73 d 28.51 d 1.16 d 9123.9 d
2018-2019 矮抗58 Aikang 58 42.58 a 44.81 b 34.82 b 1.91 b 10,295.4 a
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 44.07 a 49.58 a 38.21 a 2.19 a 10,432.4 a
石4185 Shi 4185 40.46 ab 44.14 b 31.60 c 1.79 b 9823.4 b
邯6172 Han 6172 41.59 a 45.21 b 29.08 cd 1.88 b 9649.5 b
温麦6号Wenmai 6 36.81 bc 48.93 a 27.32 de 1.80 b 9570.5 b
洛麦23 Luomai 23 33.71 c 43.84 b 24.94 e 1.48 c 8266.1 c

Table 4

Effects of cultivar and year on grain number per ear, thousand-grain weight, contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield, grain weight per ear, and grain yield"

影响因素
Interfering factor		 处理
Treatment		 穗粒数
GN		 千粒重
TGW (g)		 穗光合对产量的贡献率
CEP (%)		 穗粒重
GW (g)		 产量
GY (kg hm-2)
年份Year 2017-2018 38.69 a 44.34 b 30.82 a 1.73 b 10,030.11 a
2018-2019 39.87 a 46.08 a 30.99 a 1.84 a 9672.88 b
品种 Cultivar 矮抗58 Aikang 58 41.46 ab 46.83 b 35.40 b 1.94 b 10,345.4 a
周麦18 Zhoumai 18 43.26 a 49.48 a 38.48 a 2.15 a 10,588.7 a
石4185 Shi 4185 39.52 bc 44.81 c 32.66 c 1.75 bc 9959.3 b
邯6172 Han 6172 40.35 ab 45.70 bc 30.66 c 1.84 bc 9639.8 c
温麦6号Wenmai 6 37.07 c 45.64 bc 26.53 d 1.69 c 9880.8 bc
洛麦23 Luomai 23 34.02 d 38.79 d 21.72 e 1.32 d 8695.0 d

Table 5

Correlation between SPAD value of flag leaf at anthesis, ear temperature after anthesis, and yield"

品种
Cultivar		 产量指标
Yield index		 开花期SPAD值
SPAD value		 花后0 d
DAA0		 花后7 d
DAA7		 花后14 d
DAA14		 花后21 d
DAA21		 花后28 d
DAA28		 成熟期穗部温度Maturity
强抗旱品种 穗粒数GN 0.74** -0.67* 0.32 -0.60* -0.20 0.17 -0.61*
DC 千粒重TGW 0.77** -0.89**** 0.60* -0.71** -0.28 0.21 -0.75**
穗光合对产量的贡献率CEP 0.79** -0.89**** 0.44 -0.80** -0.37 0.13 -0.77**
穗粒重GW 0.81** -0.84*** 0.48 -0.69* -0.26 0.19 -0.71**
产量GY 0.68* -0.77** 0.67* -0.52 -0.05 0.40 -0.64*
中抗旱品种 穗粒数GN 0.77** -0.67* -0.85*** -0.44 0.19 0.75** -0.13
MDC 千粒重TGW 0.39 0.41 0.53 0.73** -0.16 -0.07 0.94****
穗光合对产量的贡献率CEP 0.54 0.27 0.54 0.33 0.24 -0.01 0.39
品种
Cultivar		 产量指标
Yield index		 开花期SPAD值
SPAD value		 花后0 d
DAA0		 花后7 d
DAA7		 花后14 d
DAA14		 花后21 d
DAA21		 花后28 d
DAA28		 成熟期穗部温度Maturity
穗粒重GW 0.71** -0.47 -0.58* -0.07 0.17 0.60* 0.20
产量GY 0.61* 0.13 0.20 -0.28 -0.05 -0.24 -0.21
弱抗旱品种 穗粒数GN 0.60* -0.08 0.42 -0.62* -0.64* -0.62* -0.15
WDC 千粒重TGW 0.06 0.62* 0.84*** 0.29 -0.09 0.01 0.34
穗光合对产量的贡献率CEP 0.61* -0.13 0.51 -0.63* -0.73** -0.71** -0.38
穗粒重GW 0.50 0.14 0.66* -0.39 -0.58* -0.52 0.00
产量GY 0.73** 0.15 0.41 -0.57* -0.42 -0.38 -0.12
所有品种 穗粒数GN 0.45** -0.34* 0.14 -0.53*** -0.33* -0.23 -0.29
AC 千粒重TGW 0.47** -0.49** 0.23 -0.53*** -0.20 0.19 0.25
穗光合对产量的贡献率CEP 0.63**** -0.42* 0.30 -0.66**** -0.42* -0.19 -0.44**
穗粒重GW 0.53*** -0.46** 0.21 -0.60**** -0.32 -0.04 -0.31
产量GY 0.64**** 0.03 0.47* -0.32 -0.23 -0.12 -0.17
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doi: 10.1111/jac.12541
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