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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2793-2805.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23074

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Effects of multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvest combined with reduced nitrogen application on soil hydrothermal characteristics and maize yield

WANG Peng-Fei(), YU Ai-Zhong*(), WANG Yu-Long, SU Xiang-Xiang, CHAI Jian, LI Yue, LYU Han-Qiang, SHANG Yong-Pan, YANG Xue-Hui   

  1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-11-08 Accepted:2023-02-21 Online:2023-10-12 Published:2023-03-03
  • Contact: E-mail: yuaizh@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Industrial Support Project of Gansu Provincial Department of Education(2021CYZC-54);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160524);Innovation group of basic Research in Gansu Province(20JR5RA037);Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Program of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-04J01)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to seek an ecologically efficient nitrogen fertilizer management system for the sustainable development of intensive farmland in the northwest irrigation area. To provide a theoretical basis for the regional development of nitrogen-saving and efficient agriculture, we focuses on the analysis and study of soil hydrothermal characteristics and maize yield through multiple cropping green manure combined with nitrogen fertilizer regulation. A field experiment was conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experiment Station from 2020 to 2021 to study the effects of green manure return combined with reduced N application (green manure return combined with reduced N application 0, N100; green manure return combined with reduced N application 10%, N90; green manure return combined with reduced N application 20%, N80; green manure return combined with reduced N application 30%, N70; green manure return combined with reduced N application 40%, N60) on soil hydrothermal characteristics and maize yield in maize fields. The results showed that N80 treatment could increase soil moisture content in 0-110 cm soil layer of corn field, and adjust soil temperature in 0-25 cm soil reasonably. During planting period, the soil temperature and accumulated temperature of N80 treatment increased by 0.6-0.8℃ and 22-32℃ compared with N70 and N60 treatments, which was beneficial to the emergence of maize. From the spinning stage to the filling stage, the soil temperature of N80 treatment was reduced by 0.5-0.8℃ compared with N100 and N90 treatment, and the accumulated soil temperature was reduced by 29-41℃, which effectively avoided the premature senescence of maize roots and leaves. Meanwhile, the variation range of N80 treatment at the warming and cooling stages was smaller than the other treatments, and the temperature stabilization effect was better. Maize grain yield under this condition did not decrease compared with the traditional nitrogen treatment. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between maize grain yield and soil temperature, but there was no significant correlation between maize grain yield and soil moisture. Therefore, multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvest combined with nitrogen reduction 20% can be a reasonable N fertilizer management system for the development of water storage and temperature regulation in the northwest oasis irrigation areas.

Key words: green manure, nitrogen fertilizer, soil moisture, soil temperature, yield

Fig. 1

Mean daily precipitation and air temperature in the study area from 2020 to 2021"

Table 1

Fertilizer regimes of different treatments in the experiment"

代码
Code		 处理
Treatment		 基肥
Base
fertilizer
(kg hm-2)		 追肥Top application (kg hm-2) 总施氮量
Total N
application rate
(kg hm-2)
大喇叭口期
Flare opening stage		 花后15 d
15 days after flowering
N100 绿肥还田结合减量施氮0
Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 0		 108 180 72 360
N90 绿肥还田结合减量施氮10%
Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 10%		 98 162 64 324
N80 绿肥还田结合减量施氮20%
Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 20%		 86 144 58 288
N70 绿肥还田结合减量施氮30%
Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 30%		 76 126 50 252
N60 绿肥还田结合减量施氮40%
Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 40%		 64 108 44 216

Fig. 2

Dynamic on soil water content during the whole growth period of different treatments The N reduction rates of N100, N90, N80, N70, and N60 were 0, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the conventional N rate 360 kg hm-2; the error bar indicates the value of LSD."

Fig. 3

Changes of soil water content at different depths in each treatment Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. The error bar indicates the value of LSD."

Fig. 4

Daily dynamics of average soil temperature of 0-25 cm soil depth in different treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. The error bar indicates the value of LSD."

Fig. 5

Changes of average soil temperature at 0-25 cm soil depth in different treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. The error bar indicates the value of LSD."

Table 2

Soil temperature and soil accumulated temperature of each growth stage in maize of different treatments (℃)"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 播种-拔节期
Sowing-jointing		 拔节-大喇叭口期
Jointing-big flare		 大喇叭口期-吐丝期
Big flare-silking		 吐丝-灌浆末期
Silking-late filling		 灌浆末期-完熟期
Late filling-full-ripe		 全生育期
Whole growth period
ST SAT ST SAT ST SAT ST SAT ST SAT AST TSAT
2020 N100 19.4 a 776 a 22.1 a 862 a 27.1 a 542 a 23.6 a 920 a 16.6 a 349 a 21.8 a 3449 a
N90 19.5 a 780 a 21.8 a 850 a 26.9 a 537 a 23.4 a 913 a 16.5 a 347 a 21.6 a 3426 a
N80 19.2 ab 768 ab 21.3 b 831 b 26.2 b 524 b 22.4 b 874 b 16.3 a 342 a 21.1 b 3339 b
N70 18.6 bc 744 bc 20.8 c 811 c 25.2 c 504 c 22.1 bc 862 bc 15.9 a 334 a 20.5 c 3255 c
N60 18.3 c 732 c 20.4 d 796 d 25.1 c 502 c 21.8 c 850 c 16.1 a 338 a 20.3 c 3218 c
2021 N100 18.2 a 728 a 20.5 a 800 a 26.8 a 536 a 23.3 a 909 a 16.3 a 342 a 21.0 a 3315 a
N90 18.1 a 724 a 20.4 a 796 a 26.5 a 530 a 22.9 b 893 b 16.2 a 340 a 20.8 a 3283 a
N80 17.9 a 716 a 19.7 b 768 b 25.9 b 518 b 22.4 c 874 c 16.1 a 338 a 20.4 b 3214 b
N70 17.4 b 696 b 19.2 c 749 c 25.4 c 508 c 22.1 cd 862 cd 15.9 a 334 a 20.0 c 3149 c
N60 17.2 b 688 b 19.1 c 745 c 25.1 c 502 c 21.8 d 850 d 15.6 a 328 a 19.8 c 3113 c

Fig. 6

Grain yield of maize under different treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 7

Correlation between maize yield components and soil moisture and temperature Y: grain yield; X1-X6 represent aboveground biomass, panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight, soil moisture, and soil accumulated temperature, respectively."

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