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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2775-2786.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44013

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

SSR association analysis of the protein content of 320 faba bean germplasms

CHEN Zhi-Kai1(), ZHOU Xian-Li1, ZHANG Hong-Yan1, TENG Chang-Cai1,2, HOU Wan-Wei1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    2Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    3National Crop Germplasm Resources Duplicate, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2024-01-18 Accepted:2024-05-21 Online:2024-11-12 Published:2024-06-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: houwanwei333@163.com
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-08-G06);Qinghai Provincial High-end Talent Thousand Program

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Abstract:

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important crop known for its high protein content, which includes all eight essential amino acids in a balanced manner. Mining protein-related genes in faba bean not only contributes to the breeding of high-quality protein varieties but also holds great significance for meeting the future demand of plant protein. In this study, a total of 320 faba bean germplasms were evaluated for protein content across three environments (Xining, Huzhu, and Huangyuan in Qinghai province) over one year. Additionally, 132 selected SSR makers were used to conduct association analysis. The results showed that the protein content ranged from 19.51% to 54.34%. The coefficients of variation for the three environments were 10.835, 20.865, and 13.380, respectively, displaying a normal distribution with phenotypic diversity. Among the 320 materials, 778 polymorphic loci were detected by the 132 markers. The average allele number was 6, with a range of 3 to 12. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.1527 (V1797) to 0.8225 (SSR-12192), with a mean value of 0.5583. Markers with a PIC value greater than the mean accounted for 49.24% of the total markers, indicating relatively high genetic diversity among the selected markers. Genetic structure analysis showed that the 320 materials could be divided into two subgroups. Subgroup I consisted of 176 materials, subgroup II contained 107 materials, while the remaining 37 materials did not exhibit distinct group affiliation, representing a mixed taxon. Overall, the genetic diversity of the marker genes was high, and the test population displayed relatively homogeneous structure. Through GLM and MLM analyses, a total of 22 SSR markers significantly correlated with protein content were identified. Notably, three SSR markers (SSR-10894, SSR-12695, V1929) displayed a strong association with protein content in this study. Among them, SSR-13584 exhibited consistent correlation across multiple environments, with an explanatory rate ranging from 4.07% to 5.19%. V1929 showed a high correlation with protein content in Huangyuan county, with explanatory rate of 10.00% and 9.20% using both correlation analysis models. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for parental selection, faba bean protein-related gene mining, and quality breeding.

Key words: faba bean, protein content, SSR marker, association analysis

Table 1

Statistical analysis of protein content of faba bean resources"

地点
Location		 最小值
Minimum value (%)		 最大值
Maximum value
(%)		 平均数
Average (%)		 标准偏差
Standard deviation		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)		 方差
Variance		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis
西宁Xining 23.602 41.218 32.917 3.292 10.00 10.835 0.123 -0.163
互助Huzhu 19.157 54.348 34.599 4.568 13.20 20.865 0.142 0.630
湟源Huangyuan 24.937 47.011 34.788 3.659 10.51 13.380 0.079 0.271

Fig. 1

Distribution of protein content of Vicia faba L. at the three sites"

Table 2

Polymorphism statistics of 132 pairs of SSR markers"

标记
Marker		 等位基因数
Allele number		 引物多态性
PIC		 标记
Marker		 等位基因数
Allele number		 引物多态性
PIC
SSR-1914 3 0.4606 V2704 5 0.3585
EST-475 3 0.2997 V2772 5 0.4886
SSR-11967 3 0.2496 V734 5 0.6544
V1846 3 0.3888 V3051 5 0.6373
V2949 3 0.2344 SSR-17892 5 0.3478
SSR-12526 3 0.4047 V2937 5 0.3659
V1916 3 0.4585 SSR-17611 5 0.4910
V2276 4 0.5420 SSR-12751 5 0.6884
V3027 4 0.4247 SSR-12911 5 0.3705
V2268 4 0.6244 SSR-12503 5 0.3990
V2253 4 0.4972 SSR-10832 5 0.3934
SSR-14892 4 0.5657 SSR-17506 5 0.5209
SSR-13508 4 0.5550 SSR-10927 5 0.5238
V3056 4 0.5666 SSR-17488 5 0.4527
V2979 4 0.4306 SSR-12180 5 0.5016
V2716 4 0.3119 C-3165 5 0.5332
V2733 4 0.5227 EST-657 5 0.4409
V2930 4 0.4777 V1761 5 0.4919
SSR-13844 4 0.4646 V2574 5 0.4212
SSR-11854 4 0.5819 V2073 5 0.6596
SSR-15868 4 0.3683 SSR-18329 5 0.5045
V2888 4 0.2067 FBES0135 5 0.6638
SSR-11862 4 0.4002 V1133 5 0.5655
SSR-10757 4 0.4669 V2729 5 0.6013
V1702 4 0.4414 SSR-14219 5 0.6894
FBFS0809 4 0.5123 SSR-13380 5 0.6906
V1778 4 0.4061 SSR-16885 5 0.5965
V1797 4 0.1527 V2228 5 0.4234
V1446 4 0.4099 SSR-14430 6 0.6116
SSR-10894 4 0.6049 V2109 6 0.4384
SSR-18215 4 0.3473 Y240 6 0.6954
V2103 4 0.5416 V2138 6 0.5981
V2275 5 0.4658 V2687 6 0.4160
V3035 5 0.6973 V2991 6 0.6952
V2720 6 0.5274 SSR-17507 7 0.7231
V2731 6 0.5199 SSR-11885 7 0.5577
SSR-13584 6 0.6008 SSR-12695 7 0.4231
SSR-11723 6 0.6720 V-2460 7 0.6912
SSR-13067 6 0.5097 SSR-12066 7 0.5415
SSR-16047 6 0.4274 V1929 7 0.5325
SSR-12332 6 0.5576 V2542 7 0.5381
SSR-11448 6 0.7125 C-3883 7 0.6247
SSR-11365 6 0.4309 SSR-12842 7 0.6006
SSR-11621 6 0.6427 V2280 7 0.7914
EST-868 6 0.7039 Y67 8 0.6180
V2493 6 0.5235 SSR-3581 8 0.5274
V1693 6 0.5982 V2986 8 0.6891
SSR-16592 6 0.6966 V3017 8 0.7695
V2958 6 0.5727 V3043 8 0.7295
V2653 6 0.5367 T179 8 0.6833
SSR-13593 6 0.5062 V2900 8 0.7378
EST-24 6 0.5812 SSR-11342 8 0.6871
V1836 6 0.6622 SSR-12667 8 0.5764
FBES0142 6 0.6286 V1820 8 0.6976
V2388 6 0.6539 T135 9 0.7005
V2188 7 0.5414 V2220 9 0.6832
V2285 7 0.5948 SSR-14109 9 0.6387
V3052 7 0.6625 V3012 9 0.6169
V2970 7 0.5093 SSR-12586 9 0.7243
SSR-14765 7 0.7551 V2646 9 0.7528
V2873 7 0.6993 V3031 10 0.8132
V2882 7 0.7333 V2698 10 0.6921
V2745 7 0.5539 V2015 10 0.7787
V2277 7 0.4044 V3058 11 0.7450
V3053 7 0.7675 SSR-12192 11 0.8225
SSR-14447 7 0.7575 T19 12 0.7291

Fig. 2

Line graph of K-value vs ΔK-value"

Fig. 3

Population structure of 320 Vicia faba L. materials"

Fig. 4

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis among SSR markers"

Table 3

Results of correlation analysis between protein content and SSR markers"

表型
Phenotype		 标记
Marker		 显著性
Significance		 解释率
Interpretation rate		 显著性
Significance		 解释率
Interpretation rate
蛋白质含量(西宁)
Protein content (Xining)		 EST-475 0.0443 0.0204
SSR-11967 0.0366 0.0207
V2704 0.0389 0.0370
SSR-13584 0.0463 0.0455
SSR-14447 0.0321 0.0531
V2882 0.0066 0.0537
SSR-13593 0.0219 0.0608 0.0285 0.0528
SSR-17892 0.0059 0.0455 0.0042 0.0430
V2285 0.0465 0.0319
V2882 0.0101 0.0453
蛋白质含量(互助)
Protein content (Huzhu)		 EST-868 0.0489 0.0345
V3035 0.0200 0.0409 0.0296 0.0349
V2388 0.0065 0.0562 0.0120 0.0480
EST-657 0.0356 0.0411 0.0429 0.0369
SSR-13584 0.0367 0.0519 0.0462 0.0464
SSR-12192 0.0124 0.0781 0.0146 0.0712
SSR-12751 0.0086 0.0410 0.0083 0.0385
蛋白质含量(湟源)
Protein content (Huangyuan)		 V2704 0.0189 0.0458 0.0221 0.0414
SSR-12180 0.0358 0.0463
V2745 0.0438 0.0493
SSR-13584 0.0413 0.0504
EST-657 0.0057 0.0555 0.0064 0.0509
SSR-10894 0.0036 0.0534 0.0039 0.0493
SSR-11448 0.0230 0.0570 0.0284 0.0513
V2073 0.0200 0.0624 0.0333 0.0537
V2493 0.0104 0.0632 0.0181 0.0542
SSR-11885 0.0414 0.0694 0.0469 0.0633
SSR-12695 0.0042 0.0717 0.0035 0.0684
V1929 0.0001 0.1000 0.0001 0.0920
SSR-12586 0.0023 0.1164 0.0011 0.1108
V1846 0.0023 0.0416 0.0025 0.0385
SSR-1914 0.0422 0.0151 0.0492 0.0131
SSR-12751 0.0491 0.0275
V734 0.0486 0.0279
V2574 0.0350 0.0304 0.0344 0.0285
V2772 0.0183 0.0404 0.0183 0.0377
T19 0.0471 0.0611
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