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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 1597-1607.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34137

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of salt stress on yield, quality, and physiology in rapeseed

WANG Long(), LI Jing, QIAN Chen, LIN Guo-Bing, LI Yi-Yang, YANG Guang, ZUO Qing-Song*()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-08-08 Accepted:2024-01-12 Online:2024-06-12 Published:2024-02-08
  • Contact: * E-mail: qszuo@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Major Project of Basic Science (Natural Science) in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(21KJA210003);Modern Agriculture Project in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China(YZ2022055);Open Project from Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology(YCSL201909)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of salt stress on seed yield, quality, and physiological processes in rapeseed. During rapeseed growing season from 2020 to 2022, two different soil salinity levels of low soil salinity (LS) and high soil salinity (HS) were conducted for rapeseed planting in Dafeng city, Jiangsu province, China (33°24′N, 120°35′E). The results indicated that, compared with LS treatment, the biomass accumulation under HS treatment was decreased by 18.46%-35.67% at the early flowering stage, and 20.92%-46.03% at maturity stage, respectively. HS treatment increased the proportion of dry biomass distribution in roots and leaves and decreased the proportion of stem and branch distribution at the early flowering stage, and increased the proportion of root, stem, and branch distribution and decreased the proportion of pod and seed distribution at maturity stage. Moreover, compared with LS treatment, HS treatment decreased the accumulations of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in various organs at both early flowering and maturity stages, and decreased the efficiency of C and N translocation in stems, branches, and leaves at reproductive stage, indicating that salt stress inhibited C and N assimilation and translocation, and ultimately led to a decrease in seed yield. Besides, C/N in all organs under HS treatment was lower than that under LS treatment, indicating that the adverse effects of salt stress on C assimilation were more intensive than those on N assimilation, which resulted in the increased seed protein content by 8.23% and decreased oil content by 4.42%. In addition, compared with LS treatment, HS treatment decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (CE); however, it increased intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE), which indicating that the effects of salt stress on rapeseed photosynthesis were mainly attributed to the non-stomatal factors. HS treatment increased peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 27.41% and 42.33% compared with LS treatment. The superoxide (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, soluble protein content, and soluble sugar content under HS treatment were increased by 65.54%, 22.85%, 29.68%, 9.75%, and 16.84%, compared with LS treatment, respectively. In conclusion, salt stress decreased the yield and changed quality by inhibiting C and N assimilation and photosynthesis in rapeseed, which could improve the antioxidants and osmotic regulation ability to adapt to salt stress environment.

Key words: rapeseed, salt stress, C and N assimilation, physiology, yield and quality

Table 1

Soil properties in this experiment"

盐分含量
Salt content		 土壤盐离子含量Soil salt-ion content (g kg-1) 有机质
Organic
matter (g kg-1)		 pH
K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ HCO3- Cl- SO42- 总盐
Total salt
低盐LS 0.057 b 0.491 b 0.229 b 0.065 b 0.387 b 0.902 b 0.361 a 2.492 b 15.89 8.01
高盐HS 0.084 a 1.211 a 0.305 a 0.087 a 0.483 a 2.198 a 0.349 a 4.717 a 15.67 8.25

Table 2

Effects of soil salt contents on seed yield and quality in rapeseed"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 实际产量
Seed yield (kg hm-2)		 含油量
Oil content (%)		 蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)
2020-2021 低盐LS 2664 b 47.36 a 23.06 b
高盐HS 1514 c 45.38 b 24.88 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 3004 a 47.86 a 23.21 b
高盐HS 1556 c 45.63 b 25.20 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** **
年份Year (Y) ** NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y ** NS NS

Table 3

Effects of soil salt content on biomass accumulation in rapeseed (kg hm-2)"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 花前落叶
Pre-anthesis deciduous leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 花后落叶
Post-anthesis deciduous leaf		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 586 b 2743 b 1363 b 521 b 781 b 3388 b 1282 b 2283 b 2867 b
高盐HS 491 d 1904 d 1072 c 343 d 579 d 2459 d 1056 c 1397 c 1613 c
2021-2022 低盐LS 654 a 3042 a 1528 a 571 a 873 a 3704 a 1481 a 2508 a 3238 a
高盐HS 518 c 2003 c 1119 c 359 c 629 c 2614 c 1123 c 1449 c 1673 c
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
盐分含量×年份 S×Y ** ** ** ** * * * * **

Table 4

Effects of soil salt contents on biomass partitioning in rapeseed (%)"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 12.49 b 58.45 a 29.05 b 8.38 c 36.36 b 24.50 a 30.76 a
高盐HS 14.18 a 54.92 b 30.90 a 9.58 b 40.66 a 23.09 b 26.67 b
2021-2022 低盐LS 12.52 b 58.23 a 29.25 b 8.46 c 35.88 b 24.29 a 31.37 a
高盐HS 14.23 a 55.04 b 30.73 a 9.89 a 41.07 a 22.77 b 26.27 b
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS ** NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS * NS NS NS

Table 5

Effects of soil salt contents on C content in rapeseed (%)"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 花前落叶
Pre-anthesis
deciduous
leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 花后落叶
Post-anthesis
deciduous
leaf		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 41.03 a 39.38 a 41.14 a 36.43 a 41.06 a 41.33 a 35.26 a 40.82 a 58.14 a
高盐HS 40.59 a 38.23 b 40.19 b 35.65 b 40.46 a 40.88 a 34.65 a 40.16 a 57.18 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 41.18 a 39.43 a 41.16 a 36.96 a 41.06 a 41.42 a 35.71 a 40.84 a 58.12 a
高盐HS 40.67 a 38.21 b 40.17 b 35.71 b 40.46 a 40.85 a 34.76 a 40.15 a 57.20 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) NS ** ** ** * NS NS * *
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 6

Effects of soil salt contents on N content in rapeseed (%)"

年份
Year		 盐分含量Salt content 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 花前落叶
Pre-anthesis
deciduous
leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 花后落叶
Post-anthesis
deciduous
leaf		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 1.19 b 1.56 b 3.91 b 0.86 b 0.65 b 0.65 b 0.99 b 0.74 b 3.71 b
高盐HS 1.31 a 1.82 a 4.11 a 0.94 a 0.79 a 0.82 a 1.10 a 0.84 a 3.97 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 1.19 b 1.55 b 3.92 b 0.84 b 0.65 b 0.65 b 0.97 b 0.74 b 3.72 b
高盐HS 1.32 a 1.83 a 4.12 a 0.92 a 0.78 a 0.82 a 1.13 a 0.84 a 4.01 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 1

Effects of soil salt contents on C and N accumulation in rapeseed LS: low salt; HS: high salt. Different letters in the same organ denote significant differences at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 7

Effects of soil salt contents on C/N in rapeseed"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 初花期Early flowering stage 成熟期Maturity stage
根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 叶片
Leaf		 花前落叶
Pre-anthesis
deciduous leaf		 根
Root		 茎枝
Stem		 花后落叶
Post-anthesis
deciduous leaf		 果壳
Pod		 籽粒
Seed
2020-2021 低盐LS 34.59 a 25.21 a 10.52 a 42.61 a 63.46 a 63.65 a 35.79 a 55.08 a 15.66 a
高盐HS 30.99 b 20.98 b 9.77 b 37.86 b 51.44 b 49.98 b 31.38 b 47.60 b 14.42 b
2021-2022 低盐LS 34.73 a 25.39 a 10.50 a 44.02 a 63.29 a 63.76 a 36.81 a 55.57 a 15.64 a
高盐HS 30.91 b 20.84 b 9.74 b 38.81 b 51.69 b 49.86 b 30.78 b 47.59 b 14.27 b
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS * NS NS NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 2

Effects of soil salt contents on C and N translocation in rapeseed LS: low salt; HS: high salt. Different letters in the same year and organ denote significant differences at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 8

Effects of soil salt content on photosynthesis in rapeseed"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 净光合速率
Pn
(μmol CO2 m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs
(mol H2O m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci
(μmol CO2 m-2)		 蒸腾系数
Tr
(mmol H2O m-2 s-1)		 瞬间羧化效率
CE		 水分利用效率
WUE
2020-2021 低盐LS 23.73 a 0.288 a 221 b 5.34 a 0.107 a 4.44 b
高盐HS 21.94 b 0.251 b 252 a 4.50 b 0.087 b 4.88 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 23.92 a 0.293 a 221 b 5.38 a 0.108 a 4.45 b
高盐HS 21.94 b 0.252 b 251 a 4.53 b 0.087 b 4.85 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS NS NS NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 3

Effects of soil salt content on reactive oxygen species content in rapeseed LS: low salt; HS: high salt. Different letters denote significant differences at P < 0.05. **: P < 0.01."

Table 9

Effects of soil salt contents on antioxidants and osmolytes in rapeseed"

年份
Year		 盐分含量
Salt content		 SOD活性
SOD activity
(U g-1 FW)		 CAT活性
CAT activity
(U g-1 FW)		 抗坏血酸含量
AsA content
(ng g-1 FW)		 可溶性蛋白含量
Soluble protein content
(mg g-1 FW)		 可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content
(mg g-1 FW)
2020-2021 低盐LS 485 b 154 b 555 b 151.7 b 8.63 b
高盐HS 791 a 187 a 722 a 168.7 a 10.02 a
2021-2022 低盐LS 479 b 146 b 558 b 156.7 b 8.57 b
高盐HS 806 a 181 a 721 a 169.7 a 10.07 a
方差分析ANOVA
盐分含量Salt content (S) ** ** ** ** **
年份Year (Y) NS * NS NS NS
盐分含量×年份 S×Y NS NS NS NS NS
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